Vol. 5, No. 22

THE BLACK PANTHER 2: Black Community News Service REVOLUTIONARY OPE | CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION HOWARD UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON, D.C. NOVEMBER 27, 28 & 29, 1970 oe D3” Oe ae "HUEY P. NEWTON, MINISTER ( OF : DEFENSE WILL READ THE PEOPLE’S NEW CONSTITUTION NIE BLACK PANTHER, S\ITRDAY, NoveAter 28, 1970 TRIAL REPORT ON CHAIRMAN BOBBY PAGE 2 SEALE AND SISTER ERICKA HUGGINS The Sasa task of choosing a jury Co judge the guilt om inwcence of Sister Ericka Huggins aad Cha’ rman Bobo; Seale has begun, Charged cum- mulatively with aiding and abetting murder, conspiracy to murder, con- Spiracy to kidnap and kidnapping resulting in death, Sister Ericka and Chairman Bobby are oa trial for their lives, a fact of which everyone in the courtroom is constantly aware, Before the first caadidate was examined, Charles Garry, defense at- torney made two motions, The first was that the press be allowed to sketch in the courtroom, Earlier that day an artist’s sketches had been confiscated because they had been drawn in the courthouse, Judge Mulvey denied the motion saying only that p: ‘eviously another judge had so ruled and he would uphold the decision, The second motion was to have the jury sequestered, Judge Mulvey denied this also; h's only reason being that he had denied it when Fricka’s lawyer, Katherine Rorabach had re- quested it earlier, Before jury selection begins, the candidates are told what function they will perform ‘f chosen to serve, Al- though the instructions are given with oaly the jury, the judge and the de- ‘endants present, the transcripts of those proceedings are read to the Spectators and the press when they are later admitted into the courtroom, Mulvey repeatedly mentioned the phrase “Innocent until proven zui':y’’ and stated that the standard of proof in a criminal case is higher than tha: in a civil case, He also stressed that the burden of proving guilt is on the stare, While it appeared that the statement indicated the impartiality of the court, it soon became clear that it served oaly to tell the pfospective jurors wh 2” to say wiea exami ied, Tae judge’s in- structions anticipated the answers to many defense questions by telling the inexpelenced jurors what the correct answers were, They were told repos ty that a policeman is the same as anvous else and that grand jury in- *dictmemts do not indicate guilt, Because of this, the defense has been forced to examine individual candidates at length, often two to three hours before their true feelings and prejudices are re- vealed to the court, The defense strategy seeks to eliminate jury candidates on at least three basi: points, Their questions at- tempt to discover the candidates degree of exposure to negative publicity, their level of racism and their amount of complicity with law enforcement agencies, The responses which the defense questions evoke usually force the court to excuse a juror, Ifthe court does not do so, the defense must use a pre-emptory challenge, The consti- tution of the two panels exhausted this week bears out the defense claims that the jury selection process dis- criminates against the youigg, the poor and the non-white, he median age of the candidates 49 years old and of the first 100 people only three were Black, The amount of monetary com- pensation that a juror receives ($10 a day) has also eliminated several poorer candidates, The defense lawyers have said that old mildle-aged white people could not understand the defeadants or the majority of defense witmesses, given theily difference in background, life styles and language, One prospective juror has said that she has no idea of how Black people are living, “‘never associated with them,’’ And then the woman said she ‘‘knew’’ the defendan‘s had killed ‘‘one of their owncolor’’, aad left honestly not unde¢standing why she had been so readily excused, hus far 100 candidates have been considered, of these only two have been accepted as jurors, Both State’s At- torney Markle and the defense attorney have used two of their 60 pre-emptory challenges to eliminate four persons from the jury. One of Charles Garry's challenges was used against an in- surance investigator who works closely with the police, in fact doing police work, Markle made use of one of his challenges to reject a men heavily in- volved in unton work, The remaining number have been excused by for various reasons, Amorg the s given were becaise of hardship, be- — cause the juror would belleve the word of a policem4n over a layman, because the juror felt arrest or indictment _ evidenced guilt, because the juror — ag had a ‘firm opinion of the case ale ready, because of prejudice againstthe 3 defendants or the Black Panther Party, P because the juror did not believe in | capital punishment, and because the : juror felt Ericka and Bobby could aor get a fair trial, Of the jurors accepted, both a “male, Ps one is White aad one ‘s Black, The 3 first is a 37 year old madiiseace who attended eight years of grammar school, His wife is a factory yorkel and he has stated that ‘‘as far as [ am concerned, I’d be a too good juror’, He said that he had no feelings either — way about the Black Panther Party and — his oaly regret abou ‘erving was that — he would miss the Christmas overtime at the Post Office, ; Also, chosen was a 64 year old man . who was the only Black on the first — panel of 50, He is a retired floor man ; from Olin-Matheson, He has three sons, two of whom are © 4 unemployed, He has two nephews onthe 4 New Haven police force whom he rarely He says he knows nothing about | the case of the Panthers, a The question of whether or nor the 4 State will seek the death penalty was raised th's week, Although Markle has neither coafirmed nor dented it, it a seems fair to assume that he | Mate has mate mo fons which "a3 granted, challenging for — jurors who are categorically opposed t 4 the death penalty, Bothdefenselawyers introduced a study by a law professor _ at the University of Chicago which found - | that a death oriented jury is also a conviction oriented jury. Later when — a young Black woman appeared well on — her way to being chosen, Markle asked ~ if she would consider the death penalty, — Despite the concerted efforts of Garry, — " Rorabach and even Malvey, the woman 1g te a 4 ‘ sees, insisted that she could never decide — die,When the judze finallyrold her that — she was excused, Attoraey Rorabach | acataee dismissing people because they do not believe in the death penalty, — to decide a verdict and not to cones . mine the sentence, She said that it woula sentencing if necessary and that it was” unfair to continue to search for a con- ie possibility hat they would have tocon-— a ; sider recorded but made no immediate aie ference, Somepiie latex, a man simply — woether another person should live or To82 W present another argument She noted that they were picking a ane be possible to empanel another jury for — viction prone jury because thers was B | sentencing, Her arguments were — said “Ll dong believe, eye"’ and h¢ 7 as ee The third panel wilh) worn inon — Puesday, NOWI24 Att rate it seems likel¥ tha Rt ten panels will be defeated Within: cleat paaalan . necessary a whole pamaal osot It appears evident thar jury will extend into the next tew NO far exceeding the 4 Week pertod in a jury was chosen for the Ce . McLucas, td Nic oLV & CANTER NADAY, NOSEMELR 24. Wu Pt 5 Registration Form THE RPCC WILL for REPRESENTATIVES or INDIVIDUALS for the BE IN REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION WASHINGTON November 27-29 1970 C¢ COCrast hberween the arc Kects of our present 155 year olc stink i the writers of the ‘ titution, waiting. to be worn, are SMrikite. The people who drafted the pees - oc em Coasthotion had already emeesccaececce a eS a ein a a Bourgeois Democratic Revolution The ere idive-iyed. rit, siite men Many had slaves I ¢ woo will meet in Wasbing- t ve et to wege the \merikas Soctalist Revolatio They will be poor, mukti-ratia) mea anc anes N 1 : ihorack nion, 4 Los Aageles —~ INTEN 1 ; Mar sisteLe st group, had 4 ce- D : . . . lev ate od, at che RECS u at what went on me ? there pr rroup to spon- PI.EASE SEN ISTHAT . : ? ‘ z ; sor thes ern¢ alifornia conter- [Th Tar wPree hi ory , i ; ences ¢ tyaatre for the RFCC, cpa f ‘oehiva ‘ We < pretty good idea of MAT! , , what we want. Cetting & will be the crucial problen I AM PLA I =a » N *We should dreum |’ wrote Lenin I WILI Ay a PLP WIT n 1 INSTITUTIONAL in What is To Be Dene ? Hurne # CONVENTION ing Questions of Our Movement ALL CHECK 1001 BE M NSTITUTION VENTION COMMITTEE in IX, He approving quoted a c/o UNITY BAN sf RUST. 1 RED EET, KOXBURY, MASS. man pamed Pisarev: arereee saeaene ALARA RRR RRKE ARERR ARAMA EA AAARR RRA RARE RAR RR RRR “\ty dream may run abeod ofthe : natura) mar of events or may fh off at a tangent In a directica | wiich oo pateral march of events eT D CHEN 2 ee Se re ee eee ee ee es will ever proceed. In the firs: cate dream will oot cause any city STATE z2iP harm; if may even support and agu- meu the energy of the working men HOME PHONE ORGANIZ._ ss NON-ORGANIZ. .. There ix morhing in such dreams that would distort or paralyrve labor PHONE (FOR ORG.) ADDRESS power. On the contrary, ifman were completely depeived of the CITY STATE ability to dream tn this way, if he a7 : coond not from time to time cen head and mentally conceive, ina . . entire and completed picture, the Survival Through Service To The People pent eo wikh Ns bands are oa just begining to lend shape, thea! ~ t ot @]) inpyine what stirmulas MAIL THIS REGISTRATION Port TU: there would be to induce manteo un dertake and complete extensive Western Regional Headquarters Midwest Regional Headquarters Aah aod strenuous work i the sphere of National Headquarters Minist of atior noi apt act, science, and piysical en- 1048 Peralta Street - W. Oakland, life: 2350 W. Madison -Chicago, Illinoi feavor..” (415) 465-5067/48/49 (312) 738-0778/77 Yes we sbould dear We id dream of anew \merica and Northeast Regional Heacquartors Southern Regional Headquarters fight courageously and umreserv- East Coast Ministrs niormatio ' iat { Intormati« edly to Ac i 2 reelity 1370 Boston Road - ronx, New t 27 1lSth Se., - ish.. I « OOK (212) 328-9911/9009 (202) 265-4418/19 ON TO WASTING TON Ned Moore Liberating ‘Rion THE SPIRITS OF FRED HAMPTON AND MARK CLARK LIVES! > 12:00 noon December 4th South Side 4 Chureh Of 6fr Redeemer 6430 South Marva vd West Side = Chitchvot the Fpithany 201 South AShinand North Side -"Saint Dominics , Sedgwick and Cocust Leave school and work a* 10:00 a.m, — FREE ALL POLITICAL Assemble at the People’s Ra'ly at these "4 . Illinois Chapter Dhatinns MARK Black Panther Party Che spirit of Deputy ¢ hairman Fred Hampton and Mark Clark lives on, Demoastrate your determination to stop police terror in the oppressed communities, STRIKEtt NO SCHOOL; NO WORK on December 4th 1970, PRISONERS iE BLACK PANTHER SVT VY. NOW THE SPIRIT OF SPURGEON JAKE’ WINTERS LIVES ‘When they killed Jake, they took the best that humanity possessed,’’ Spurgeon ‘“‘Jake’’ Winters 19, mem- ber of the Ulinois Chapter, of the Black Panther Party, gave the most that one can give towards the liberation of op- pressed pepples~ hts life. At 3:30 A.M, Nov, 130,969, Saxe rderedina shooto ArChivag where three pigs were fas Mu addndsseven Arere wounded, The } Ragthouh, Wiis precipitated by an ambugh2y by, the standingearmy of C hicAgo | Bicags Police Deparuynent) on/ an abated brildihg-areSB0l S. _Caltinter.) krxising on the &Seney With sarmamenfs)and\ men ALTO FS than TOO sotigeme! equipped. with taguaze shots "guns, Me tye carhines, .357-makaums, billy’ club§, mace, Near’ gas; paddy copter and, Canine (units) >warfare againstthefireple €Solony, these fanannal pias by opening fife athe : ‘in the billding. Party Cemrdde Lance Belh-20 was wounded\ by th® pigs as they shot wildly in that area, With these seemingly insurmountable odds, Jake defended himself as any per- things named, Butprim son should do, In essence, he had no was kill or be killed, And Jake tried to enact a of war: preservation of destruction of the enemy, But although Jake was equipped only with a shotgun and was mur dered, the results attest to the fact that the people with their intense desire for freedom can combat the forces of aggression, A June 1969 honor graduate of Engle- wood High School, Jake worked in the Breakfast for Children Program and for the Free Health Clinic;he was a member of the Education Cadre. In essence he was a servant of the people. There can be no compromise with the forces of oppression or the forces of fascism, The enemy must be wiped out thoroughly , completely and reso- lutely, And we say, “‘Right on, Jake.’’ Jake, a dedicated brother will never be forgotten and not primarily for the arily because he lessened the forces of aggression and choice; it realizing premise such, basic self and or Me because he said as_ Alprentice ‘Bunchy”” Carter, John Huggins, Syl- vester Bell, “‘Lil’’ Bobby Hutton, and ‘Jake’’ Winters Spurgeon * L. arry Roberson said; ‘Wherever death may surprise us, it will be welcome provided that this, our battle cry, reach some receptive ear, that another hand stretch out to take up weapons and that other men come forward to intone our funeral dirge with the staccato of machine guns and new cries of battle and victory,”’ LIVE JAKE THE REVOLUTIONARY WINTERS! LONG SPIRIT OF ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! OSPAAAL SUPPORTS THE AFRO-AMERICAN PEOPLE cri ‘ le t re . : : inorit kod t ol t ’ p ist t ne ‘ j ‘ voult t : eh , 5 — germinsti tors of the t 1) inte P ° terror] thow! e ¢ l f the ic recour war in Su axkkee im- “ leade; ori calat- wave Black jon t tending the wat m, together ' revolut i ei lirt M mer t Indore ight is d ° Vit © exte Nort e er if the wor : rc pusty thew Ni e e of the ili < eh c patr . : ‘ ! hore ¢ t ie l the \sian peop! - © < N {to our i ‘ ; anke ‘ from uve itay Sole i “ e ? t N e \ and other Sector thre mor" ‘ of } more w Nixoa's UN tal contempe for thelropinionaad ‘i thetic will confirmed i tri S Angela Davis e rital ¢ ‘ {re e% “wll ures t " € coune othe try. In re j repressive wh turned face rled evi. N Declaration of the executive secretariat Of aoiseives apainst the st : wi and ‘ “alin: , ,t » Afr i ite : OSPAAAL in_ solidarity with the Afro- Eee . “yr rea <A) tor » ’Y I ric American people and Angela Davis, eee ae sifishie rention’ t ‘ r \ Nix lic t ) Vir imi we Nix . efeatet ‘ : . . TT ro The government of the United I cet i ve istr t licy se Sraes, under the Nix \dminis- Wey sggressi g4inst the people { exter ' the \Mro- 7 j r < ‘ voer tration, is travelling frantically of the work » efuse co live eri vie t ute . ‘ e ~ toward the establishmen of fa sxdere imperislist oppression, the ole 7 Vanke i , ; . . b , ressive cism as the logical culmination of US Government requires ihe ! ism is conteot with the one - essive momtaly domination over the ec- icity or the silence hour ¥ {the people woo suffer berate then onocry andthe politics of the nations omir n the United States, Tre ts boot t als sctices 4simi- e4slon * — = 5 es ’ Ulinois Chapter el Dp > Black Panther Party : ch nati- Today Angela Davis, Iteey P. l Newion yoy Seale sundother black . ‘ fle thei ficher re suffering at the hands TT tir {f Yaakee cialis tea their < : ¢ like tho »*’ Ma'toolm \ and { fetes Martin Uathec King Ir. are already | ‘® e ‘ : e feo on nla "te ee Tk t ‘ : \inericans hich is d there brothers in the etcuwcele, whic every corne of the carth a} i | weld volces ks opinios, hisilit- ¢] ing for the liberation of An- ere y ster , ctim of a victous and in { dastardly sccusatiog | gi : wlobre ir ir strugzle t Ihe executive Secretariae of a ey tid . OSPAAAL reaffirms on this oce z Ny ton Ks resolute solidarity with - corm es \fro-American people aod with ie Slacks in order to ll the progressive forces that rr of ormins flehec t yankee tromerialism ‘ i = its own emralls, cour- moously ex ing themeelves to t Il the risks this implies, & as also calls for all the aid and so- rity ieir just cause deserves. itte j : ; Freed eu le aoxd other rder.i k fives is. yal inst he ; ne 6 Tew for Angela Davis | : ; Pe\iom for the Afro-Americaa 3 Alger inne Lome pepe | « . : 885 De wa Rh th Nixon Admintstrate . such 4 } a02 scale R3P Tne Nosr Miitrican people will ; ‘ ers, So DOR en | ‘< inst Angela Qivis ‘ a J ialis atl 3 ly expell PAROVTIVE SHC TARIAT OF :. is ries M pow oppres- OSPAAA - P ‘ fr atia ‘Fa ll . >= “ . lita rushed Havana Octoder 31, 1970 ae \ioweme ind a “= @ ~~ ' e Y : COCs thas strugelet This great bumaaity bet eek) Selves fron inte Enough \ad bas started to noee lorwin!" ie J DECEMBER 20th--OUR THEORY WILL UNITE WITH OUR PRACTICE AND WOMEN WILL TRULY BE IN SOLIDARITY WITH POLITICAL PRISONERS Behind the iron bars of the Women’s house of De-eation in New York, Earliee last month, when J ed: Murtagh revoked my ball, [had the troaic pleasure of revisiting the Wownen held inside New York City’s oaly female detentior ceme®. In the six Jays that | was there, something Struck me chat had previously patsed as another hopeless trait of capitalism. 1! would like to describe it here anc now aboag with its connection fo4 well keoawn principle, ‘*informa- thon is the raw material for nea ideas”, Information: Although & most sisters inthe Women’s House of Doteajoa, diere is litth p> acti- <al difference in bails of $100 0% $10,008), $1,000 and $10) 4 Lorge aumer of women are Deing dr- calned at amounts ranging from SI) to $1000, Simukancously. great deal of the charges accom aoving these balls, ace what we shall refer to as survival (6: defensive) offenses. This means that these charges stem from acts which, tf successful, would nave cused some of the ccosomic burden of the sister, thas elimniaaing any aeed to steal, prostitute. con, stick up or sel] marijuana or devges - Obviously the prodler , fromthe beginning, wis # economic nece thus we nave 4 political comradic- tion. When the tained mercenary (Police, discovered this act of de- fense, he a% no time inquired of the sister, why she fel such a com oulsion to cisk death or impri- sonnet, for auch # small act i ever occurs’ to him fo inves- tigace che situasion fairly and ob- jectively. lle needs to m ike only his monthly arwest qoota to insure his job security. Uf he makes sc many access, bis chances of pro metion are greaer.. ile can. maintain his joo ifhe makes no ar- rex in 4 moat, o i he ooh makes tw, errests from this tha; his interest is never in fairness of Objectavity. The nature of his joo as a policeman, dictates that he be en We can see St and>ul- jective Ate uwhile the aister ty Cacen tt " jail cell, «nere sheets goked an eld ponding wial, Noone a4 stked ber if she is i her actions wre } if her childres are take the sume aight tified, oF eve “are otit her absence. | itive fo! brat's bo" nin, am | taken before 4; are, Ile does speak (© wer & ath. be os takes turns, looking cither ata yel- how ser Geet hes her aune, adiress, #04 age racerel or he or Uw not ally sheet OG } ree of Cherres gion 4 “i « looks at the torecy, Who the case minute rt hours before, has made oo objective investiga- tioa himself, aad is pald to be the accusor, I s not asked to dis- cover wuecther or not the sistec Is iky or i pald to assume she is cuilly, and to gather aay ond all information and materials to lend crecence to Dik 4SSu pptloo The 3 Aset. District reads off the c! two new ones added for goul mea- sure, then he recites 3 well used speech about the criminal threat the «w poses on society, He asks the judge to i ball ar sane eidicaulous amount thai nothing to do with the co..siituttiog- i) requirements for bail. He dors not bother to folloa those require- nents because he understsods that he will aot be held re#possible for spbolding any of its codes, He nas already been cosditioan to ignore such aa incfficicn: document. The jodie follo as the sugecstion of the Aset, Discrict Aucoreey and seus bail, Ile does not ask ber Lf sive cxten recently , if the clothes she wears wre ber oaly rem- nants. ile doosn’ 45k beri! ber babies are fed everyduy or if they have 42 deceat houte to stay In. All he does, is Set what amounts to ransom ad confines ber to 4 bulkling where she is guarded. ig- nored and sarassed. There is no poim in her eveo dresiniey golm home, because She kyowy she mo mozey, (if she dd she wouldn’s be there Her fricemix have oo mosey, om if they do, it is just enough to survive with. She faces a oe to three your sentence, oF even 4 4X Mow sermence and se cinnet pest bail or hire a lawyer, wittiog. \suistant District At- just bees told of oceat, rather he is \uorney arges “ivi O@e or ma <* } has nas about has anywey). She leys there The court appoinrs, ot random, sleval ak! He is employed hy the state, Ie is given soproximeteh ten caseloads « ay and Le either nak, or chooses # to adequate - bh defend { them, tic bas vers little time co file all the comple ow bos corse ey he thowh of a ial is repucnant to him 4 caus exmoatihec t orw "" prepare for one, The beral aad fe wth his “clien” ly the diy r comes to court, Ihe poctoticallh takes portfolio « caves to te Asst. District Attotecy aed asas for deals, in recur © ses net to take the te diroerh the costh trial pros ihe then tells is client t oma WO © leaser ree so that c ca.) yet t of pall ge the ‘earl t p ible thne.”* She h very lithe cholce In fact She hat oo choles ‘ - coms. The puke fir ives her jor se t her “‘celminal vature”™’ ‘) tells enible litate So » he an “asset ¢ society,”” Then Se gives ber ninety da v mhs, times he ive hew year. She is tr cal . , She spend pen lire Migence ff diys coum! In pall, #he ouste kes & vive. Stramme isa’t it Even tn jal), the name of the game is tr She cannot buy cle- “etter personal baste neces- snle or the Samay newspaper, The ccotomntc nee! is till there Her instinctive compulsion f her to, in effect, if hee «listers in jail. onher restrictions of ranbcutions survival mores prirng bre of ti jalls, isc wone) 3 is ao history of elther poli- struyzle, in wo- center There ied ro- religious Ktention 0 Muslims wih years ago for yurvup victories, against the atiminista- As a result, these sinters are bog Loniag to feel as thouzh part of the revolutionary liberation, il prisoners ich they readily as Uca! o ne . ¢ wether te 100 St few struggle for complete The ery to free politic if oO one Ww xe with We ther hve mot Gone onmiorstand our enough to het concern for them. As 4 resuk of these coutitions , a groep of women in New York, have come together in ocder to eliminate some of Mose conditions We are organizing brigades of wornen to force the prison id- ministration to admit us into here pie peas so that we can find ov from the sisters themeclves, wi thelr specific peeds are, We will then take Steps to Meet Hose bas- ic needs (just a« the metium security of our coinmenities, we are trying to meet the busic seeds of our people) We will begin to take the otcessary steps to in- sure the weWfare ofour sisters Where there is 4 bail of an amoant thaz wo can raise, we will ball the sister out of the pig pen. We are vegioning to seod letters in- side, so char the sisters know ciat we ie potting our theories into practice, We want to utilize all of the progressive services avail- sole fo that these sisters aregiven better treatmeo it. The oaly way to educate is to communlicae We need help in all areas. We oced moxy, decent jobs, advice, stamens, paper revolutiowary press oa the prison adminis- craion and help for sistess who wore addicts ot the time of thelr arrest, We need cleahes, houses, bens, every am! anything. We aood people to belp us turn this Wea ine a revolutiosary reality. On December 20, 1970, there will evening rally a the nouse of Decention to demonstraic our solidecity endto inform the sisters of It will alee ’ re be Jn we are ding. » in support of the Provisions Revobuthonary Goverarmne O° ~ourh Viewnam’s eight poi pro- vyam, For information or offer of conract: Afent » or, Ea of In- ' x, New York, 1657, Phone: win please st Coast Ministry LST) Dowte acy loes 57K. NO or 328-991) Hlo.me: 5437- MwA Solidirity in the Sceuncle \Vioume Nherin im Uhe uruse le! Ven sur New York 21 Conmmunicuth “Teter lack [unther t) Nib WLACK PANTHER, SYTERDAY, SON MOLH %. 19770 PMS PIGS MURDER FATHER AND SON WITHOUT PROVOCATION The family of John Daniels i) s i} i cK af oppressed overetand that asl iniaa (American) citizens, sublect to brutality, torture, and qerder ag any civeatime, We knox thar deat comes inmany formes. sometimes overtly Uke whea pigs gun down the people aa the streets and some times covertly like the need for avedical facilities, food, sheker and clothing. However when ‘Slaent cold blooded murder straches out aod strikes downone of our potestial warriors we are eeminded in a very cruel manner | an The body of john Daniels people iby loo we are that death will continue to be our fate 2g loa 4% we cemain prison- ers in the minimun security prisons of Bab/low Our vecy existence i6 & stake aben acide in anavtomobdile dows the street of the black coloay leads to humiliation, torture, sod mer der, On a cloody Moady afternoon et approximately 2:0) p.m. Joho Daalels 39 and his gon Johan Willia- ms 22, took cheir last automotdle ride, The 2brothecs along with sisters Ruth Howard 19, Ywoune Jones and brother Moses Me, loud were on their way back to New jersey from New York wihenthree pigs of the N.Y, City Narcotics De - tective Squad pullal along side thelr car as they rode down Atlan tic Avenue in Brooklyn aad tok them to pull over. \s the dred piss did not identify themselyaay ke D. continued to ktive Ale® nimates batter the same Cariap= proached Joho’s car, only thik tie one of the pigs beki agunxo i of the window and forced them on (RRS curb a Alantic aad N coimaad we, --the beart of the flack co unity, Without ®rning ort iemest Provecation, ¢ Thomas Aroett, Poul Weedeahacam and A\nthoy Palt crew thelr service vers ~orytied jnte the automobile aft! ” to the eal werk re ant thew cogard abrads of people, : gad John Willams women aed chikiren. who bad gathered to witness the slasgiter. John Daniels, wae fatally wounded amd Joan wis critically wounded. After celo ting their revolvers the cacist sadistic pigs approachedthe The three surviving victims @ sisters and | brother) were 4n- uched from the car and lined up agains: the plz car. John Wille lam’s Mfeless body wus dragged from the car and thrown in the strex. Joba Dantels who was dy- ing wat throws of the street and "hot again in the head aod chest. The older brother Moses McC loud was haodeuffed and taken to Grant Awe. pig pen where be was sever ty been The cwo sisters Ruth Howard aed Yvome Jones were also taken to the pig pea where chey ware forced to strip-naked in froat of the sadistic perverted pigs for thelr amvsement. The pigs. have stated that kt was reli~<fense. Although cyo Witeess reports stated thag the victim: were armal§ it wos also state: that they oever drew oc used their gums and thar all of the fire cam, from ps. Black people mas jearn to take the pocessary action to shoot first to prevent the an nibilation ofour people, We as op. pressed people mist oever reli our vigil, for In the miniinum an maximem security . Prisoms «s Babyloa death is at every corne: With our Lives at stake constant!) men ear Ee’ (>. a , The body of Toho Wiliams we AOU BOE Best ate to kil! aad id fom dm Freedoin. To be inict ute, TO hewitate Ib reactionary » | Cle ~<a me wine less Geach tha Oy FErves \the oppressor. we aeeet dic ket it be in an a@ ere er can cur treetion f a neest be sutotbal bet @ tw « obtionwcy suicide roi ive [hr aach lack Pvether Party see THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1970 PAGE 6 TO THE PEOPLE--MESSAGE WAR FROM FLEETA DRUMGO The majority of the people in America have becn immobilized by the thought of death, Revolution to many persons scems to mean dying, and actually, the people are dying everyday. The people must know that the revolutionsry move~ ment of today is to change the existing conditioas which have and are comtinucusly destroying the people in general, the black people in particula:. Revolutionsrics area’t mili- tants; they’re 4 segment of the People devoted to gain that wich is amd bas been denied dive people ‘for centuries. Their devotion is to end genocide, aad US, fascist ax imperialist aggression. The establishment and those few wio control this country cure nothing or Little at all afsout the peverty that exists surrounding them, Necdless to say, they aren't coacerned about their cucism and exploitation besides, This reality ss forced the revoluiooarics’ stance, his stance is taken ot of love for the people aanl to bring bout freedom and ruc humanity, Nixon, Agaew, Reagan and thelr other flenkies, Rockefelles and J. Ldgar Hoover criticize am) con- deron the revoluthiooary movemen merely because the movement has aad will continwe to expose their deceits aad repression. The riot in Watts sod other cities through- out America was forced up out of deep frustrations which finally boiled over and reached its peux. ‘The revolutionary movement today diffecs from those acts in Wats however. The basic elements thar existed in Watts, Detroit, New Fleeta Drumgo Haves aadcther cities were caused by the decadence ia which the ¢s- tablishamem exists and the con- ditions it totally ignores. Decem housing, employment, educmional centers, medical fa- cilities, child cure cemers are of utmest necessity throughout the black communities 45 well as in the Mexican and poor white com- menities. Countless petitions and demoastrations don’t seem tohave been the proper remedy. Only die revolutioniry armed struggle caa and will obtain those basic weeds am rights that are denied us The bluck liberetion movemect is ne loager an isolated movement, actually, it never wis, The rics amd fight for freedom, justice, power by the blacks are the sapic ceies and strugeke of all people “io are oppressed and explo'ted, Trough the teschings of Hury P, Newton, Eldridge Cleaver, Hobby Seale and George Jeckson, today's black freedom fighters now have 4 much brosder scope of direction. Blacks had been Caught through trials and cribulagions that all whites wore dogs and the cause of ebusement thag wus inflicted upon our people, mach of which still exists. However pow more and more blicks sce who the real dors are ~ the caphtalistic pigs ami the fascist poate structure, mrt necessarily white peuple, Our beloved brother Hiey P, Newton throagh the Party program has shown us the real murderers, ropists that enshave people in general, black people im partie cular, Many people see actions of true revolutionaries 4s brazed and sul- cidal acts, but these acts or actions are motivated oat of the deepest love that the people have ever en- coaumered, LONG LIVE THE VICTORY OF THE PEOPLE'S WAR, DEATH TO US, FASCSM IMPERIALIST AGRESSION ALL POWER Tuo THE PEOPLE Fleeta Drumgo vo ang WD a THE PIG PRESS LIES ARAN!) —————— Last week in the trial of Black Panther Party Chairman, Booby Seate and Sistec Ericka Hugsias, in New Haven, Conmnesiicur a de fense motion to have the jury sequestered during the tcial wos dented, Tae jury will be allowed to read the prejudiced accounts of the case in the paper and listen to racist news comme tafors give their ‘public opinion’ as co the guilt or innocence of the defendants, By allowing the jury to be exposed to the escablishment press, judze Mulvey, in conjunction with the fascist U.S, government, is insuring the railroad of Chairman Bobby and Ericka wo the electric chair, To gather support on a national leye}, the pigs all across the country have intensified their vecba! defamation and actual hatassme? of the Black Panthec Party. In the dark hours of this morning, Noy, 23rd., the Comnton vig deparcment raided a house of some memtess ofthe Black communtity, In the raid on the house at 30] W, Fig S:,, the pigs stole weupons and ammun‘tion, A few hours later, the pig press reported that the pigs had raided the Compton Headquarters of the Black Panthec Party and seized a ‘large cache of weapons, 40 sticks of dynamite aad written plans to a*tack police atations, This ajiedgei ‘anthers fortress’ is in no way connected with the Black Panther Party, or our offices, or our N.C.C.F. comin unity centecs. By indoccrinating the commu ity with this false tnformarion, the pigs wpe .o build supver: to justify gestapo raids on the Black Panther Party, By a constant program of incense harassment and charactec slander against the Party the pigs are waging a frantic pr paganda camps gn throug’: the press ‘0 salvage even an ounce of recognition in the comin-iity. This propaganda campaigno is desigoed to insure the fascist rail- road to prisons o- gas chambers of all Panthers, Wien Paathers are constantly being vilified by the press, it is impossible to gel an impartial or unbiased jury, Panthers like Ronald Freeney ‘tle Angeles, Rory Hithe and Landon Williams ‘n Deaver, the N.Y, 21, and Chairmai Bobby and Sister Ericka in New Haven will never be able to receive a fair crial aaywhere ia Badylon Ai. POWER %O THE PEOPLE L.A, CHAPTER BLACK PANTHER PARTY \ warrant has been issued for the arrest of Charles K. Garry, chief attorney for the Black Poeaher Perty, The warrant was issued by Pig Jude Scauts in Alameda County (Callf.) to be applied when Garry returns to the jurisdiction of his court, The pigs ordered attoroty Charles Garry to appear in Alv- meds County Superior Court last week to defend clients in another case, knowing that in New Huvea Conmecticut the trlal of Chairman Bobby Seale and Ericka Huggins of the Black Panther Party wis Schedualed to start thar same week and that it is Impossible for « person to b¢ In two places atonce. Charles is now in Comnecti- cut defending Bobby and Ericka and has been charged with concempe of court for failing to appear in court in California. f Garry bad stayed in California and failed to appear in Connecticut pigs would have found him in contempt inConnecti- cut. This is a viclous, fascist cir- cle crying to silence santher {ree- dom fighter. Charles R. Garry has been fight- ing fos and defending the Black Panther Party in the courts of fas- cist America indefatigably for tiree years, In 1967 he fought for the life of Hoey P. Newton, our beloved Minister of Defense, who now. with the revoletionary love and assistance of CharlesGarry is tack on the streets with us fight- ing Cascism, For that fact aJose we PEOPLE PEOPLE Siace the Inception of the Black Panther Party, an armed, organi- zed political body of Black people, in 1%6, maoy aew Black organi- vations have sprung up. Some of them are revolutfonary and suicere, some are just Sincere, but most of them are individual- isth aad opportunistic, However, a8 more aad more organi ations are being focmed in the Black com- munity, the bad ones are being weeded out from the productive ones. Only the people are the righteous exainioers of the social practice of any organization set up in thelr cominvaity and claiming to exist solely to serve them. We find that as more and more orginizations sprog up withinour communities the ones most like ly fo Succeed are those based on a Platform either adored from the W-point Platform aad Program of the Black Panther Party or those who basically meet the immediate needs and desires of the people of that commutity. The ones that Succeed are those that truly serve the people. . People For The People, afair ew OFyanization founded upon need for drag control and edi Goa in the heavily deur in community of Coromact) as: burst, does nor Surface as a .— Portunistic wpe procram 17 ft maawnl oy 4 hard workine tea; Gedicated brothers, Some, of thent OXmrug addicts, most of them ro. thers off the street. This hw wram WS oot funded by the city me the government. it is aa indepeaden Of SUZation working solely on its own Mt the present time Wey are working towards teoving their office location from Astoria Ol. RANT ISSUED FOR BLAC PANTHER ATTORNEY CHARLES R. GARRY eur ak. aoe Ye t; ’ ace gratefal to him, In of those three years he as nimsetf a faithful serva oo poople and the party by exposin fascism in the comtrooms of America, Now he is fighting § the Lives of Chairman & ys amt Ericka Huggins who rete cect of the crimes they have accused of, He is og! pis, jodkes, district attor the American Empire by f Garry who bas and is life i defense of the pe right to life, Uberty and cx suk of happiness, We together if we are ever to If harmony with each other, ney Charles R. Garry ts f Ae Phas = ual with as so it is pow our ra to defend him. The masses of eo ple are the most powerful force in the world. It was essential thas the people's power be benind revolutionary lawyer tn freeing Hoey, Now it is esseneial that the people demonstrate thelr power even more by defeading Chark R, Garry so that he may assisg us in freeing Bobby, Ericka ap all other political prisoners bring death to the fascist ¢ the American empire, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE National Headquarters Dlack Panther Party and 6th street to Northera & amd 108th St. At their pres located on Astoria Blvd,, th in an area thas could ger be classified as However, by moving to Nord Biv. they will be com! workin: with both cloments of U Black social structure of Coront Fast Elmhurst - che Black houry,coisie andthe Black Lampea People For The People are | the process of fixing ep ne | story building on 108th Screet & Northern Blvd, which they 1 use as thelr office. They have & use of the entire pullding and pl to implement such proxmams ; Breakfast for School Chtldre activities for the povple of community, 4 day<are ¢ a advice on Purecs and Child mn lattonships as well as ¢ cation and prevention pr The office will be opened 24h 4 Gay and the telephone will be made available ford a mouty, - ae \Anyooe willing to help: \aheaa should contact Feo ‘ om \ i my ul AN ALL POWER TO ~ THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 28,170 PAGE a on ss plece of foam rubber that is passed Standing at 814 Jackson St, inthe heart of the law and order section of downtown Toledo, Ohto, is ain- famous bullding apporpriately named "The Dungeon” by its in- habitants. k is knows by unin- formed citizens of Toledo as the Locas County Jail run by Sheriff Merzer, ‘This jail is over 80 years old and was built to Sold a maximum of ISO inmates fn 1887. ‘The pre- Sent total population is over 200 inmates of which approximorety SO are Black. The rest of the in- mates are Mexican-American or White, Although the Inmates are from different ethnic groups, they all come from the game oppressed class of people in this city and county. So therefore they could Mot get their stories of starvation atrocious unsanitary conditions, 2nd inburman treatment, (compaura- ble to « medival dungeon) printed in the power structure's pig news media, After relating to these brothers for almost a month om the per- Pose of the Black Panther Party and the voice of the people, the Black Panther Paper, they agreed to tell their stories knowing they would be published in the people’s paper. Some of thetr’s and our Persosal experiences and obser- vatloas are toki factually and truthfully to the people for the first time In the maximum securky section there are five useable cells with the sith cell converted Into a uncovered mattress or on from inmate to inmate without any type of cleaning. No sheet or bed covering except one wool blanket per inmate is issued. These bunks must be placed next to each other inside the cell in order to fit, so there is no room to move around, To use the washbowl or tolier you must walk sidewnys between the bunks. Two ‘nmates cannot g§erous, because when the collets leak or overflow as they all do, on the floor have to be away after being contami - ON THE SEATTLE EIGH Dear Friend: With the expansion of the war in Southeast Asia andthe faltering of the ecoaomy a home, dissent has risen from every corner of Ameri- ca. Not surprisingly, the “law ‘n order”’ Nixoa Administration has responded to protest with its most discredited weapon, repres- sion of political dissidents in the courts. This fall, Washington State will be the site of the second fe- deral conspiracy trial the case of the Seattle Bight, As you will recall, on February Ith, the day after the exorbitant sentences of the Chicago tiel were announced. chousands protested ai the Seattle feders) courthouse, Similar demonstra - oat occured all over the count- et — “THE DUNGEON” EXPOSING CONDITIONS IN TOLEDO’S LUCAS COUNTY JAIL Almost all inmates sheep with their personal belongings at the foot of their bunk, Five men are assigned to spaces in the hall of this sectloa. These five sleeping Spices take up the entire length ~and half of the width of the one area accessible to inmates outside the cells. This Is supposed to be an excercise area, but because ofthe overcrowlal conditions of this jail there is barely room for two in- mates to walk pass each other. Three of these men assigned to the hall are fortunate to have steel bunks. The other two must sleep o2 matteresses on the floor, One of those presently siceping on amat- tress is a crippled 73 your old Black man, These five men have no Privacy or toilet facilities. They must use the tollet facilities of the already crowded five cells, which were originally designed for one man per ceéll. There are no lights in the cells of inside the ceil range. The only light comes from the lights in the guard's hall on the outside of the cells. Seeing is difficuk andread- ing is impossible for any length of time Roaches and gnats are al! over the cell range. It is hard to sleep with them crawling al over the beds and inmates bodies. The col- let facilities in the cells consist of @ Collet and weshbowl prowlded with a cold water faucet oaly. Hoth are the original toilet facilities in- stalled when this jall was bailt in 1887, They leak and overflow con- tinwously, causing afoul nausear- ing smell to hover permanersly. There are oo facilities for wash- ing the inmates clothes, An in- mates’ relatives or friends must Pick up his dirty clothes on visi- tors day and return them, Clean towels are passed out every 2 or 3 weeks when one bar of soap is given. The food served in this jail ts not fit for consumption by human beings. It is passed out in impro~ Perly washed unsanitary metal trays. Hardened food from pass meals is alwuys presers inthe cor- ners of these trays, Even though the inmates constaraly complain of this, nothing is done to improve the situation, Only two meals are served each day. Breakfast is al- ways the same. Cooked meat is served in very small portions once or twice 4 week, A typical days meal served in this pig pen would be: Breakfast: Two small hard rolls, amd one cupof coffee with no sugar, Lunch; Ege saled on a piece of bread, stewed tomatoes-pud- ding. one cup of tea, Diner: Mac- T DEFENSE aronl cheese, petetoes, apple Sauce with one cup of coffee, and no Suger, The size of the portions given in each meal is very small, No Seasoning is put in the food and ir is served cold. It took « nine. day bucger strike and near rlot to get & small packet of salt and pepper included with the dinner, Almost all food served is thrown awiy dy the Inmates because It is mor fit to eat. Candy bars, cookies and milk from the jail’s commis- sary make up the meals of al- most all inmates, All food is served aad handled by sentenced Inmates wo have noe had any type of heakh examina- tlon, and are Mable to spread Scrious diseises, These same men mop the halls and empty the gar- bage cans of the various cell sec- tions. They wear the same clothes while serving food as they do while working Im the halls. Sometimes they keep on the same clothes for two or three days without change ing. Proper medical treatment can not be odtaired . The jail doctor @r. Dejre) iy paid $6,000 a year to do nothing but sit and issue sleeping aad pain pills. He has never physically examined any in- mates, He only stens totheir pro- dlem and isswes a pain pill, When an inmate complains of stomach trouble, sinus problems, 4 sore throat or anything else, all be will be given is one of these pills, Re- cently ose inmate contracted a se- vere rash and infection in his genita) area caused by the unsani- tary conditions of the rollets. Dr, Dejute told him to por the jail’s foot powder on Uiis severe painful condition. Without examinig the inmate, Because of severe pain caused from using this powler the brucher could not walkor sleep for 2 days. He had to call his family doctor who Lmmediately told him to Stop using thar powder because ir Wis Gangerous to Use 00 that type of skin problem. The warden (Sam Lauria ) is in the doctor's office a sick call. He also Listens to the inmates pro- blem aad chen cells the doctor if the inmates can of cannot have medical treatment, Some guards have the same sadistic attitude towards inmates being sick as the warden. One inmate had a severe toothache for four days. Finally be couldn't stand the pain any longer and began to bang his cup to gain the guards atrention. The guard stated that there was nothing that could be done for the toothache aad if he didn’t stop the oolse, be would be throws In the hole. This inmate was eventually Placed in the “Hole” for continue ing his pleading for the guard to get 4 centist. The ways of disciplining an in- mate varies from being (pet onfire} locked in your cell with ao com- miseary or T.V. for aay length of time felt necessary by the guards, or being thrown in the “Hole.” The hole is a small beick room in the basement of the jail, k is about half the size of are- gular cell, There is no beat, light oe vertilation in this room. An inmate is beaten and stripped nazed before he is thrown in the hole, There are no toilet facili- tles, So an inmate cannot keep cleio, All human waste must goon the floor to be sat and slepe in, No drinking water other thanthe water served daring the meals can be od- tained, The only food served is bread and water. Women Inmates are put in the hole also. If men inmases are inthe hole, the guards will elther walt tll their time is up or lee them out.and put the women in, I women are in the bole, and they want to put men in there, the method is reversed, Walle in the hole, if an inmate makes any noise, he guard will turn & high pressure water hose on him. Sometimes they are threatesed by a German Shepheard Gog. The hole is constantly damp aod full of rats, roaches, spiders and all other types of crawling in- Sects which prey on the unclothed bedies of the helpless inmates, ‘These are but a few examples of the inhuman, barbaric, bruta] treatment suffered by the inmates of this detention center. Most in- mates are awSiting ball or ontrial. Therefore by the existing constitu- thon are supposed to be Innocent until proven guilty. The freedom and right guaranteed in wie pigs Constitutioa are nothing but empty promises, All the rights and free - doms of the oppressed people of Babylon have been cancelled cat by the existing social and political Systems, which the ruling class of American has used the constitution to create and maintain. The ruling class controls the means of pro- duction, and the institutions of this country. To maintain this comrol they bave organized an oppressive exploktive capitalistic system that comrols the lives of all people liv- ing in American and influences the lives of other peoples inthe world. ‘CONSPIRARE’ (LATIN ROOT OF CONSPIRACY -- TO BREATHE TOGETHER, UNITE, AGREE) ry. Two months later, seven men and ome woman were indicted for breach of the sotheriot law, and couspiracy to incite the activites of Fedruary 17th in Seattle, As Delense Attorney Michael Tigar has poteted out, the defend- ants are charged with no substan. tial acts themselves (assaul, da- mage to property, etc.). Those charged with crossing state lines with intem to incite to riot had all bees Living in Seattle before the demonstration and are still living there, They are charged with meeting together, manirg speeches, leafletting, and ovher activities protected by the firs: Ame ximent, The Washingtoa State ACLU has decided to actively sup~- port the defendants, by cootribut- ing $15,000 for legal expenses, be- cause of the obvious violation of their right to speak and organize. In fact, the US, Attorney In Sea- ttle refused to prosecute, forcing Attorney General Mitchell to send one of his own assistants to take the case, The theory behind this kind of Prosecution is the old outside agi- «ator myth used by southern po- lice against the civil rights move- men, Today it is applied with alarming frequency to identi- fiable scapegoats when demon- “rations occur, The trial of the Soattle Bight will be the first real test of the conspiracy lew, (The Chicago de- feodans were acquitted on the coa- splracy charge.) Former Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson has characterized conspiracy as “"thaz elastic, sprawling and pervasive offense... #0 vague that kt almo defies definition.” These eight young peo enormous Court costs (mi $50,000), endless lity dooal anguish and the po of ten years in prisoa, even larger issue if typified sad comment of Tom Hayden, o Calcago triah:*' Fascism will come to American by compromise: ax through the strength of reaction, but through the weakoess of the good people,” Many will recogaize the threat to the civil Mberties of all Americans inberest in the In order to stop the burburic mercer of all oppressed people snd change the deplorable coudiions of their many commnanities, the peo. ple rust rise up and move inare- volutionary manner to take back what is rightfully theirs from the ruling class. The first steptoward making real freedom axd ending Oppression 4 reality, is to make Sure that the Revolutionary Peo- ples’ Constitution ts written, so Ghat the rights and freedoms of every person in America will not only be guaranteed, but protected by the soclal syste Implemented by the people Living by it, Raids are characterized by highly secret, quictly executed Surprise attacks, The inmates of the-maximum Security section and other sections of "*The Dungeon” although not able to he physically presest at the Revolutionary People’s Coce stitutional Convention, Nov. 27h be there 100 percent In true revo- lutionary spirit, so that atrocites like these will be abolished, All the men (live Black and five White ) incarcerated in this jail’s maxioum security section have Signed this report being well aware of the physical and mental reprossion that will follow from the jall’s administration. ‘They wish the people to know that no matter what happens to them, they have stood up and are resisting as men. Leooard Mayne jr., Jimmie Jen- kins, David Hill, William Brows, Leonawed Maidx, Haalel Wortham, — Terry Bovee, Leo Augustyniak, Heary Burton, Raymon Gentile. ALL POWER TO THE PEOPL Mike Cross and John MeClellaa The Toledo Iw (Political Prison- ers) Lucas County Jail Searke wial, But will we oppore this growing injustice, ax! will we _ give our Ume, our volces and our \money to reverse it? Thetrialbe- pinion November Sh, and several Seattle Bight Defease ; $10,000 wich 2 TE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, NOVENER 28, ITO PAGt x FREE THE DETROIT 15 The judicial system is proving a every turn of evems thet it is limpossible for Blick people tore. ceive 4 fair trial in tal, lon. Fifteen members of the Dervit NAO.CF, are illegally being hel fo the Wayne County jail, Seren bwothers and eight sisters are being beld on charges of murder, conspiracy to commit mader and malictous destruction of police Property. These chacyes stem from an ine cleat that happened On October 24th when = a aine peur okt youth aed 2 members af the NCLCLE, were -cverly beuten yy uhe fis cist PIES The peuple in the co.n- tounity showed thelr costempe for the pies by hurling bricks und teackes in their direction, In response, the pins drew their yues and besan firing into the crowd of people. \n exchance of fire took Place betwetn the pigs a9! aa w- known assailant. The results were one dead pig aod ove wounded! plc. and a victory for the people. Using this as an excuse the pies raided de N.C CF, office, The brothers aa. sisters inside the of- fice relating to L sewutive M indate No, 3, defended their bome in a comfromation that lasted) from O70) pam, to 4:00! tin, the aext mornics. The pies aad clerted the mations! gourd and they were about to enforce the Moc arrvn \ct. if the uhole community would have been armod the cowurd), pics woukdat have even come into the community brutalizin: the people, the brothecs and sisters would nes be in jail and tie pouple wold have had an even cremer victory, As it stands gow they are all being hell on tramped-ap chores. The sisters have ranour of SMTeIUES . the bro- thers’ ramsoms are S25 FP es TR for ene brother (Lire x) waose bail ransom is $.0,(9") nus ? earecities They have al] beea Srura'h Doaten “nd SORSUAPLY Sarassed In the dots Since they have been in- carcervted, ( aseun dre limes, to @ beating from the pies), entire left side of Linda's fave is swollen from bein: besten: David's face is also swollen, fro: being bovten, Kim's right forearm war busted by 4 pic wleo <lamet 4 cast trom door on it. \od Jerome has severe bucns Gis face, neck, cars ond cight arm). from « pig trying to set him 3 fire They were arraigned in court on the 24h of October und iad their preliminary besriny on the Urb of Osteber, A preliminary hearing is beld to determine if the pizs have enough evideace co prosecute the defendants. ‘due The Uf there isa’t suf- ficiert evidence prodacod then rhe defendant is to be released fron custody, The pigs realivias that they dido't have «a, evidence what- soover te coctinue the confinement of the brethers ae] sisters, decided to empto, the fascist tac- tics of “the [7-man cituzens grand jory”’. This grand piry has been given tie suthority to continee the confinement of the defeadant on given word from tue Police de- partment. “The I7-mian citizens gread jury’ «4s caked ancoosti- totioaul by Genesee Circuk jodge Kira 1 Paop. Jude Papp coled apainet the grand jury lawonthree counts. The first issue deals with the provision in the Lew chat « Solease attocne, comet see gerund jury testimo nw from « witeess until after that witness has testified a: the trial, Judge Pupp foend thar this procedure does not “where to we principles of a fair trial" “Never could I effectively prosecure or defend without thotuen® mivestbration, disoce sery dnd preparation’. sie sald, The second? issue coacerns the right of 2) accused person to have ao eNexthe attorney, The jodie ruled that an atcorney cannot be effective when be yets 4 copy o@ groad Jury textimony during the trial. “Ihe can neither properly pre - pare a defonse . nor can he recommend to his client that he plead silty without knowlede of wind, Witnesses have said azalast that client’ Judse Papp said, Tie third issee involves the dcealal «@ 4 preliminary examie natlon to persons indicated ly a citizens yraad jory, "Preliminary ex unioation or ut least S to the prand fury tracscript before wial is vital for one accused of a crime’ she said. \ preliminary examinations purpose is to dxermine if there aweet is evidence wo Jotve «4 person to Stand trial, Jake Papp said thet under the cutveas yrand jury low, this is dome by inexperiesced Lay people “acting a8 a. arm of the pro- secutor”’, le pies are Gesperutely trying to muke «a case, They have oo evidence, sioce all of the orizinal complaints and warrants have been dismissed, [ot the fascists aro still try ime to railroad these pro- thers 4nd sisters on make believe trumped-up charges, This is just wether example of the need for a Revolialonary People’s Consti- tutional Conventios DEATIE TO THE PASCIST PIGS N.C.C PF, Detroit JUDGE MURTAGH AND PROSECUTOR FRANK HOGAN EXPOSED "He's abangmig, a hagchet man, dad a killer. tle wukes Julius lboffmun look like Kins Solomon, That's whet New York [anther 2)" lawyers Say aboot Juke Joa M, Murtagh. Mefore the trial had started Mar - tagh bad been involved in quite 4 few cocist things, [le woulda’t bet Lee Herry have dnceat metical ate tention for e.er four months while Lee was held for $100,000 cansoen. Loe has since been severed from the tris!, three operatioss amt ten menhs after bis kiduip oy New York's finest from Veteran’ & hose pital. On June UU. 1969, 4a attorecy was forced to bes Mertagh: "One bast reqvest, your [bower. Cue of the defentinte, Mr. terry. | be- liewe, We attempted to beim bio 4 staace of shirt taky, We were told ly the Correction Depirtincnt to Sring that up to your Hloaor's attention as to wether be muy change tis shirt. [he could pot de it earlier, because the Correctioa Depurtment said that would have to be decided b, the Court, We have the shirt with os, Vat it would be 4 simple motter just te give & to alm, Uf peur llonor would vppreve it.” Murtagh replied: “1 will allow the mamacement of matters of that kind to be bandied ly the Depart- ment of Corrective.” Qo other words, vo devl with the DB. ot © M the same time, the busers utked if the "21" could meet to- gecher 48 4 group since was im possible wo prepare 4 defense ons “conspiracy” rap whee the Pouthers «ere spre cot ie doneoas all over New York, Mur- tach refused saying to view them Individuals does “require preater effort” but that it could be dove Tien te dida't even bother to Pucthers une : ohms ort ; al 1 be allowed to see their own indictment, niich the corrections depictment refused them. ik took him ueail November to allow the 21" to meet together for “one bour 4 week" to prepare their trial, On Janaary 20. 1970, the lawyers tried to have Mortagh kicked off the case, Lawyer Gerry Lefoourt charged that Murtagh was hand- picked fy Destrict \Mtorney Hosa to hear all of the Puather causes in New York. When Murtagh was askel co remove himself froin the case in November, he saidthaathe \ppehate Division ussicoat aim to the case, \ check with the \ppelae Deviston showed that \h tach wos lying. \ few core things like this occurred and people bosun to check oot ulo Mortach wor. This is anet was foul in oh! Nea Yoo Times ond [ere Tri- bene clippings sumreme Court Justice Jol M, Me@tach lias « pollo recend. Oa \La TS, PS1 be wus indictet iad arteste! oa chunses of “willfal merlot of duty’ Garin: his teem as New York Commissioner of bwesticasion « from lh thew SO under the iofanwersty ¢cuntal ridhtee administration of former Minor William OWDeyer. te wes cole reed Without puvias bul even Chowne be dems nded and: a a (eu 4 ter 64 Oak), mer formally s«mewore! tec be wre lore he bit such slik Leavers that he appesied wath faa Lia sults te wore bis wey oot of ve ‘ereressive’” prosecuthet, Nove that be refused to hewer the ont ition duller raneon of the Puetherss \s a fpersendl ant political prieee of «YDayer. the po. secuter sail Mortach was susre of pay-effe stand on arrests, col- lusive amone e © felive depurt- Maxwe eri es a yer mem to establish police cevords, inefficiency amon che higher echelons of the cop department aod corruption al] alons the line. llis oan files were used a* evi- dence ogainst him. Murtagh’s files showed that top cops hdd large bunk sccouns and dat pluin- chtheunes aimitted to owning thousands of dollars in war boads, In Urooklyn, the cager beaver peosecutor decided be wasn't going to let Murtach off. Murtagh was beourtt before Jude Samuel 5. Lethowiez and a Grand Jucy. (Lei- bowitz, ty the way wes Capone's lwayer). Lebowitz asked Mi tagh why the cops weren’s prosecuted whea the District Mtorney pro- docal volumes of files from Mur- tach’s own office, inerbninacing the cope, inchating = financial questionnaires from over SOONew York cope, Lech time, be was asked Mur. Gagh denied be knew anything about the rummpont grait. **\ighounh che acqound unts broke down these things, chut's abere the investicution broke down,”* the prosecutor suid Martech almost scteumead from the witness stand, "Do vou realize mio of these men micht hive iohcrited thet money? Many of thom worked jeurs for i? \y investigation Was evaaustive, bud | wwe! thew + Cornea dowenes and courtesy, [would tuther be barmuse than o & sed, ual air Prosec aor." “This is all vor) strvmre since he's key the Mvntlers jiled for ) triel om the vs. sargsion that they are “ver dancerous poopie’ of like the pro- sevuter subi '' The) abe Mverthers, are at ordioury defemtumas, The, are Wrroriets.”") Ooe cra ooh cunts that Ge rultee cliss eras bew to tuke core of ft» owt si .our Without PIGS auneul UNARMED BRO On the morning of November 0, 70, the AJco [lar on Bth Ave. in Htarlemm “as robbed of $50.00 and US beatles of ligser, \ short eulle later on I73rd Street and Lenox \Aweaee, Arthur Rats uho was runing with « case of liquor in his hors was shea 5 times in the heal ty pkes from the 28h precinct, The brother “us un- irmed, Arthar’s bereeher, Ross, came t his side when be fell and was trmediately anagched up, har douffed an! drown irae a pix cur The pigs sealed off 123cd St. and several pir vans carrying wea- pox came lato the area, The pigs, Suited up in bullet proof vests and armel wit, rifles, began breaking into somes and intimidating people on the streets. They were al- leckedly looking for two more roobery suspects who were sup- posed t have ren down 123ed 4. The tension in he commamity bevai to mount and the people Poured into the street aod beyas Shouting at the pigs about the mur- der of Arthur-Rosw. Ac this poire, the police called the ‘search’ off aml left the ares, \rthur Ross woo Corliss lived ¢ 1754 \wenwe Jn the (roex was “*I made at Jeast ten » repocts to the Mayor,”” My. tagh respocded, “Ill tell you, the Minige matter in Queens, ove in the [iroax, anceher to District At- tornmey ilogén and one in West- chester.” "The Pledse report!’ sbouted Jude = Lelbowirz, “‘Tocy white washed that one too.. That was wien Joe Pledge, a hookic, charged & police Inspector with taking graft, and they made Pledse the defendam instead,” Then Judge ‘Lethowity ordered’ the files seize!,*'Have these curds Stored in a wurchouse for use py the Grand Jury. Vader no circum - stances are hey to go outside of the state” he warned, Murtagh had made a olg thing of his files before Senator Ke- fauver’s racket committee. Me Hell provided him with duplicates of all the coll curd slips of the biz canesters in the New York- New Jersey area (us therelephone company often does with com menists® and other such in- cendiaries" phone slips) and Mire tagh vaunted the slips before the Press and varbous “investigating committees, [at be never did any- thins about nuiline the cops or the HaNgsters whe were stealiog from ten the peuple. Leibowitz asked, ‘‘Aren’t you shocked vy these disclosures?" “Ver Jude." “Of course, you are."”" Murtagh got scared and fiyured that Lemowilz Was Colne to expose him. Leowitz, by this time, had threatened Murtarh with a con- term of court chtagion for tying: in court, for lying to the presy ie told reperters tha be was just “‘belplas the grand jury in- vestigation’ but the grand jury issued 4 statement Qxhich is vory unustial) to the offect that Murtach we oot “helping the mwesti- gation” but was, in fact, being in vesticated himself, Murtagh started 4 Lawsuit Afi. tivh wa. Leibowitz tohae the case suttoed from Leibowite'« juris diction in Brooklyn to \anba were his friend Prank tte: the District \ttereey, Murtosh argued that if be Wted 4 criwe, i teak pl Manhottae, Nis evidence? W Qvuree, be polnte! oot that ev dy KNOWS thot City Mal woere tits office was hacured aad CRS tall wax im Manhattaa, “The Serene Court aml the \Woee ote Division threw the suit oot 4 the Court of Appeals im \then reverse! the hwer courts and Pulled! that Mewtiaeth woedkt be triel Mere * 21 years old, Archer ar Lie thous of of! ovth in Hatylosa hve heen. ryt to take auat he needed, Through the rhettos of New York tla) lon the masses of Blac are enraged daily ina sa alleviate hunver in their families to kill rats and roaches aad avol kead poisoning in thelr bomet Once again the pie killed . _ e, Hlack man to protect the 4 clo capitalist bt ; are rotting the people daily. Qypes of deahs in dhe Ula munity are endless and wll tinue uneil the people strik agtherealesem;. = The realenemy is the rich: class of America that pays the pl from Nixon on down to o ore: Black people, They pay Niwa carry on the wir in Nam They pay the U.S, Senate (0 ari repressive laws: they pay judges for convictions and f cist rullroadings aed he. pigs to protect thelr r the Hlack community. : To em! suffering in our It must belp to get rid of the opp sors, * a ALL POWER TO THE in Manhattan, (it has not t determined if Mortagh hada f in Albeny). . Now Prank Hogan is 3 : powerful maa. tHe is one of few WOisurkct Amoroeya Lp country who can pick and ¢ wo will ory Bis cases, SN fer example ts the Paather ’ Parthers and courts knew that‘ peaprhert, f . antil the District there. On the final aed period for crim oe Manhattan Grand Jury pe thar the “key witness” r show up for the hearing, ’ witness was Mayor O'Dowye meee See oat he was engaged in “secret tus ress" as the Ambassador to Mexico. O'Dwyer skipped out « New York juxt as soos as it heoum clear that be was ant Pinched for his s ministration. le "stepped from bis mooths later but stayed on as resident of Mexico rr 3 } litele business uneil the S of Limitations for criminal against him ran cet in the 1960? s. la the mesatime, many me of his atministration were i satel, tint and prosecuted fe graft and coreuption. Many other: left thelr jot in d inchidine to) cehelons int and fire deparunent, Mugtagh kepe his the crand jury * ca O"Dayer awarded ator the jade ne + met? ship in 150, phe Grasd Jory “cleored” MV ae because thes coukle’s pin tho vp eo baa “~ “We must commcet a dis upon othe = opiystcrkais PAraose of rartmcet of be me Department Pte. PAGE 965 iH2 BLACK PANTHE AY, NOVEMBER 24, 1970 continued from last page i \CK PANTHER, SATURDAY, NOVEMBEK 25, 197 MURTAGH AND HOGAN PROGRAMS OF ip gieay SURVIVAL Shocking fact is, however, that oilfice.’ not one of those documents, which The Jury said that it had to concerned 4 most vital phase of the tnvestizagion could be located: and that not « single person could be found who could or would supply the slightest clue as to where or how they had vanished."’ The Grand Jury report investi- Rating Murtagh contineed: ‘Ir Seems to us that the investication omered by Mayor O’Dwer and conducted by the defendant, was hardly calculated to uproot corruption in the police de- pactment. In the first place, the fect that the defendant had been directed to investigate the depart- ment was blatantly publicized by the Mayor, The corrupe members of the police departinent, thus were put on notice of thelr peril and Riven an opportunity to cover their tracks.” The Grand Jury continued: ‘The chances of siuccess’’ an ine vestigation so instituted might have had certainly been lessened when the defendant failedto pursue leads obtained from the financial inquiries and questionnaires. While there appears to have been consideraole endeavor tocheck the basic statements of the rank and acquit Murtagh because he suid be had talked to the Mayor about the corruption io the cop depact- ment and iis technically was all that the law required bot ‘This suspicion naturally is accentueted where the Commissioner follows a general practice of sutunitring written reports to the Mayor then departs from i In a particular instance, The defendam, like his predecessors ... ordinarily mitted wrkton reports but failed to follow vag practice with regard to the Police Department investi- gation.” “From the emirc pattern of the investigation and the sur- rounding circumstances we were thoroughly convinced chat, in the mind of Mayor O’Deyer, the up- roxing of corruption In the police department wis not, in fact, the true purpose of the investigation’. “Remembering that it wis O"Dayer who promulhzared this in- vestigation, that he qeestionably cognizane of its direction and progress throughout and the defendane’s confidential relationship with him there canbe to doult that the defendant was Sub- was une VS THE RULING GLASS When we calk of survival as hue man beings whhin a oppressive Social, economical, and political system and super structure, we Mus! Vy Moces sity talk of creating Programs Ula, will insure our sur- viva), and to go even further lay the foundation for 4 now okeraa- ilve to ube present racisg stare mochinery now In existence najoy- ing the cloak of legitimacy it hae Lees historically proves, through observation of humans toce- lety and ts developinen from the cwles recorded eras until the duct, (mosey) by a few mea: fk is precisely this cootradiction, that is in opposition to the realky we a8 human beings aad poor and dea trodden people are coxfront- ed woh, for the material life of the masses caamor coatinue deprived, dealed aad Explolted while 4 few enjoy the power derived frum the social product of our labour, Tye profits and fruits of soclety’s Sweat caanot go to a few but must be used by and for all History has showa us tha inor- der to truly and thoroughly chaage organize co~wperwmive stores in the norctherea Black communities coupled with farming collectives ron by rural and semi-arben op- pressed people who, based upoathe Same principles of co-operatios and revolutionary theory, coski supply the northern areas with low priced good quality food, to Se con- sumed by those ahs belp produce it. This is a simple, outlined, example. kt is examples like this that represent direct threats to fascism, because it Is maxbing more than the oppressed class or- gaaizing itself, aad renin coa- presew, that bumanseocietymores he peoples relatioaship to the file plainclothesmen, cosxcerning merely carrying out O’Dwyee’s from a lower level of matecial meaas of production which iscor- trol by degrees from the ruling the rank of their asserted assets, purpose.” the Grand Jury stated. life to a higher level, andthe min Wolled by lessthat21/2%oftheto- pigs and placing thelr destinies no effort was made to ascertain the source of those axsets, eveo where the amounts called for “Ot greater significance is the "*[lustrative of these ineffectual measures was the highly publici- zed departmental “shake-up” of August, I947, which transferred police supervisors of questionable driving force, or decermining fac- cor in the development of human society {s man’s abflity to pro- duce the means of survival or those things that will insure his tal populacios, and place control of all of the material] cesources, in the bands of the misses. & is mocossary Uiat the masses of de- prived, eqiloited and oppressed firmly in their own hands. Ie fol- lows thas is order to have com- plete freedom, or the highest level of freedom possible under given circumstances. We mustengage in failure to check the financial i- caliber from one locality to survival in his struggle agains; Pevple begin to organize hem- the highest form of struggle aec= § formation ottained from the 45 another. This move, while sti- nacure Ie is the material fe Slves into a force ani restbyde- essary. For only the highest form .., high-ranking officers. The luck of mulaiing decisive executiveaction of society that determines the Frees 41 the power and wealth of struggle can resolve Acontra= accounting personel serve! only to provide differest consciousmess of those wihin it {fom the ruling class, the racists diction such as whether ove Sur= Sserted by the a dows yeographic spheres of activity for and it is the relacions, social re- = coment oe bandit rap Yip oaths a free man, or ‘Deel ly Cxplainhis decision the game suspect personne!.”’ lations we enter Into in order to rich @ super-rich Geath of an ordinary elec- ia to expend make and months of One year lover, Chief Megiscrate survive Unat croace the political their political puppets. Because fronical 2(rh century Slave. . ried effort in the analysis of the Murtagh. back on the bench de- and social superstructure thag is these pigs have created the nec- For those wbotalkofuniy et finances of over 300 plainclothes- — clared that the time liad come for knows as governmeant. essacy machinery, state andfode- as being primary, a prerequiske ee men, to the exclusion of a less the woers of New York to clect History Sas amply Mlustrated ral aod volstered dieir Kieologi- to any to any hope of freedom or ad onerous Inquiry into the officers a non-political candidae for thar when tn the development of Cal fourdition with a racists ‘* Wiberation; you have falled to Ss of the 45 officers,” Mayor, He cited Frank Hogao, haman society the social celations, “Blondes have moce fun’ cairo] realize that only through struggle ; ‘a The Grand jury kept right on who was running for Mayor, as political, religtous, cultural o¢ in poms pisvan caper nd ane plage at » 4 writing: “‘Nor is there any per- the type of candidarehe had In short ideological raving thelr press peoples str mast form of , suasiveness in the defendant’s mind, (Remember that Hoganhad pasis in ideas) = of ture take Is that which will pot only in- maximarn revolutionary solidarity . contentions thar retirements just finished ‘‘prosecuting’’ Mur- aad bo aoc conform with the mag- Sure thelr survival, but also lay ani the highest degree of unizy ; a among, officers reduced the im- tagh the year before). ses maceria! life «ad their rela- 4 fowndation and basis for anew examples illustrated in various ; portance of the investigation, and In 1958, when Hogan ran for tionship to the meant of peoduc- “vvlety. Every obdnoctery SERRE eras aad cpocts prove, thag force — ir thar he did not, at the time, have Congress, 4 reporter asked him (om, Quatural resources axtidis- 94% with the seeds of he new k is the midwife of social change @ satisfactory questionnaire form what his relations with Carmine ¢ibution of material goods) then 8 the old Soctety that must give and thas armed scruggle inthe final ‘% available" DeSaplo were. Ile answered the pecessary conditions existthag WwW") to the mew, oF stagnate and analysis is the highest form of q The Grand Jury, at this point ‘‘Friendly. [ admire the manner will resolve ints very key contra- die, Heace it is definitely in the struggle aa oppressed people en- < pointed out that O'Dwyer told in which he has provided leader~ diction. This is wheu the people, labouring masses best interest to gage in to acquire their end when s Hogan tha: “highly secrec, ship and | don’t know of any other the labouring masses, areproduc- ‘institute thorough surviva] pro- all others have failed or missed oF eS ce ocr catia bs ee ounce, Geen colereceaiste easy commal te pele) salle scopes) ned Kevebaienecy cat e in Mexico and = self available to the same extest goods, aad ure unable to enjoy © ne, ; ut be ‘hast rages about Mertagh to the press, radio, andtelevision. substantially the social fruits of Ke profits froin the tollandeco- is the medium by which social a and his dealings with him, The There is nothing of the backroom their labour, (iighes: standucd of 90mic hardship of the masses, will chaaye oa a revolutionay level is aa Jury wrote: ‘*There is Little doubt character avout his operazion.” living possible, housing. freome- 0¢ Surender the poate andpres- tained, then the resulting unity ort thar the defendant was the Mayor's Hogan's “friendliness” with ical care etc.) because iney donot tige of their class position. can oaly be the highest degree of 9 protege, dependant upon him for 2 comrol anything. their relation to Here in Babylon hoping toco-opt unity: Revolutionary wulty. ; political preferment aod beholdes continued on page 16 the means of prufucion has been oF repress any pcograms geared —*To talk of Survivalespecialiyas 4 him for advancement io 0 usurped by usmallgroupofgreedy Cow ur! serving the acwal needs of Black people withinracist Babylon =| sid tycoons and super-conartists who he masses Of Black people, They we mast talk of revolution. foroaly EAST ST. LOUIS JLLINOIS SCHOOL BOARD TRAMPLES ON THE RIGHTS OF 22,000 BLACK CHILDREN UNITED FRONT NEWS RELEASE: October 1970 The people of Eact Sc, Louis, Illinois, are finally beginning tore alize the need to imolement po.st 5S of the Black Panther Party, waich states that ‘We want an education for our people chat exposes the true wacure of this decadom American society. We want 4) education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present d+y society.” After countless efforts of negeo- tations, four nigger lackeys and threo white fascist pigs oo the schoo! board of t asa St. Louls have end in sight. Hut this situation only points to use fact thar the lying de- mogonic politicians who comrol the school system don’t cere about the black chikiren. The president of the school board is a boxlickin lackey pamed Charles ‘pighead’ Merritts, who during the ceisis left for a three week tour of Europe on *doctor’s orders’. Wesayrighton, pig-head Merrixts, but only extend your trip percmasently because the community is hip to your foul act, Upon analyzing the situation the United From of Hast St. Louis, ahich has adopted the Diack Panther Party platform, be- gan to organize Liberation schools claim ttles like Rockefeller, Du- pom aad Morgan etc. ht is this cvatradiciioa: oapership and coa- trol of the cullecuive social pro- Be He ee SS the situation blockaded the school board pigs in the board of educa- tloa office. After belag held in the building for about 12 hours whe school bourd pigs were rescued from the people's tribupe when about 60 agents from the IL Bureau of Investigation, aloag with the East Se. Louis ple force and reinforced by state croopers, stormed the bullding and Inthe pro- cess brutalized innocem people, whose only crime is the desire to have their kids in school, The gestapo forces wore led by the Di- rector, a bootlicking sigcer named Mitchell Ware, along with the R amd R boys of Last Se. Louis, Robert Rice, St. Clair County state's att- orney, and Ress Raodolph, head of the pig department im East St. have unleashed thelr private army of armed pig police upon the pro- gressive and revolutionary forces particularily Uiose programs thas are aimed ar the establishmest of aa akeraative to their pig explotc- ive machinery. An alternative co inferlor high priced foods, is lox) priced good food, or free food for chikiren, along side of co-operai- ively owned food stores where the people of the com nity are part ami parcel of 4 comin salty collect- ive that own, support aad run couperative stores, shops, pe heuw otc,, tus is the oasis one inning im creating 4 alternative to 20th cent! under which we are the destined to remain raw ta for the pigs ledustry and rm In order to reach cis ged must establish firmly, ; programs Sy serving the peo> and working in a menner tha nec essarilly favetves the community " 4 “= . » wih ~ because t relacesto their survival ecttherighs throughout the city. Also on Oct~ Louis, We say right on tothe par ry Na nlack couicres tohavean ober : Gh--(echools have been enss of Fast St. Louis in their jast i the face of 4 reactionary Tac~ Sees Schoolshaveveenclos- closed since September 1-309 efforts to control the destiny of 1&t stace machinery that Is bent on ed for soot seven weeks with no parents who were coacerned about thelr chikiren, killing wt a!l, Instead we shoubd hee Ee is self-creative and co- through and by revolutios can we survive, _ With this in mind it is clear that our prograins of survival must deal with these conditions and by necessity our conditions are the primary motive force in the or= ganizing of the masses into 4 re~ voksionary force, that can insure our survival and the establishment of a pew system based on the ob- jeciive oeeds of the people ant in mre with man’s basic nature, against American [mcerialism, The civil rights struggle is no more than an extension of the American Re- Everyone should rea- and with that realization we volutioa of 1776, lize this things that we popalat of 1776 lb sad forn in other words of -cO England gained the also the human ght hat they were scking at tha* I size at this was l whea Vhit le of rica gained himan g was truly a revolutionary fort I Biacks, be- 1 the ntry and the 9 ‘ this we hadthe } Mi inorder to gain ts tha gained in 1776, two hundred years have passed n’t gaized those basic sn’trevolu- ij even thowsr) there was arevyo not revulu- production Zain alth or there nD *ect- A constitutional Coavention is ex- tremely imoortant at thistime because side of this country, we must redefine and clarify our ac- tions and our future plans as well as mate known 20 the people and to the Emancipation Proclamation and then world the justification of our struggle bureaucratic capitalism and Freedman’s Bureau was established tile market in which to favest, Noe In- 1 would like to backtrack a little to the period of 1863, 1865, after the the so-called Reconstruction, The during the Reconstruction in order to allot one of the chief points argued in Congress by Thadeus Stevens, that Blacks be allotted forty acres and a mule, Because without the land it was realized that thece would be no free- dom, But this did not occur, | would like to emphasize this to show that America has compromised our free- dom again and again, The Hayes Com promise of 1877 devastated the whole Reconstruction period and the few crumbs that we'd gained during that period, So I refer to a time when we've been forced out of the society, we've ion of been forced out of equal prote the law, and himen respect, And it leaves us with nothiag to lose, really and everything to gain, because we've lost everything, And of course when s lost everything, nothing is open one to him hut total rebellion, Rebelli against that force and those conditions which Save stripped him of his vecy 4iZ- nity as a ‘wna being, What are the alternatives? We've concluded that there’s no room for us in the capitalistic system because of the overdeveloped nature of the country. We see tha: as far as autonomy ofour community in any res as far as self-governing our institutions; this cannot exist under capitalism either Sy t lictated | ve small ruling f profit for the into avery be ~ Slave driver and the capitalists, So we question the very system, We don’t only question the established o1 but we question the very sy We feel thar (a2 only way that w get freedom at this time serving ande (p2eriencing the conditions ive a DYropor- tional r munalist esentation in a inter-com- framework, his means that the Industrie tha d by a small ruling circle and all ethnic will be guaranteed a place in should be nationalized, gro ips Proportion to their o ri ui ‘2 administratr at (ie worker's level, Anythinz of this would be c mpromising freedom igain, aad we wi ‘ Matter of fact, any c would be suic al. [t would be whar I ll reactionary suicide, To accept a compromise, Reactionary suicide means the conditions, the reactionary condtitions, would be the cause of our suicide, If we stand aad do nothing, TOWARDS A NEW CONSTITUTION HUEY P. NEWTON, MINISTER OF DEFENSE, BLACK PANTHER PARTY it would be self-murder, | would rather cnoose the reverse, if it becomes aec- essary, and that is a revolutionary suicide, That's suicide motivated by the to change the system,or else die trying to change the reactionary cond:- tions, But this is a freedom of choice, And | would choose this for the gene- ration to come and | would choose it for my own integrity, for the simple reasoa tha’ | refuse, our generation refuses, to live as slaves, So, we ¢ re demanding a Constitution that reflects the ethnic and the plural- tstic nature of the society, Wedemanda Constitution that would guarantee us the right to live, We demand a Con- Stitution that has respect for the peo- ple, and a Constitution that serves the People instead of a Constitution that Serves the ruling class. We know tha? in this country there ar2 certain oublic instituthons, <hat ine suppyaeadly se: : bur in reality are set up by the ruling circle, to pretend to serv the people's basic needs, Vhis is the Social Se- curity, Employment Insurance, Wel- fare Subsidies etc, The ruling cla3s Sets up these public agencies to buy un by 1a Jvupie, off the people with a small example of socialism, But we see that the rul- ing class even uses the public faci}. "les to their own advantage, The rul- ing class really uses public funds on a Bigantic scale to further its own in- terests, Aan example of this is the big rail- way barons who receive subsidies. tn other words, they receive welfare aid, The big farmers, such as Senator East. land, receives subsidies from the pub- lic institutions in the country, while the people, when they need welfare aid are harassed, hounded, even to the ex- tent that in order to get the aid they must reveal who they sleep with at night, while Eastland and all of others receive millions of dollars each year, yet they don’t have t veal the last woman or man they sl with, I think thar this is a good example fa dictatorship by the mean by people, that, is not that will abuse what u the sed to be bour but it is simply tha will be take under consideration and they will the p focus af all times in considerat given, And no le class, no one assortment of people will rece the benefits and the wealth of the < rye Black ple in this country, after such a long period of suffering be- cause Of capitalism and racl , have a right to exclusively control the insti- tutions of the Black « other ethni groups their community in a co- pers fashion, And the national enterpzise whac I call ente i 2 hose big moaopolies will be nationa- have a repre itative on the t boards, But those other ethn J ll be dead. B ‘so e righ: to have thi entation because st because * lost faith--faitt country, And for a safeguard, 3t we'll have to have exclusive over our local com ring these thi c reactionary s yr suicide by the reactionary cond tions, | stan against it, If | have a choice ich I do, and if it con 2 poin aere there’s only ther to a cept reactionary suict i> ~ revolution- arv suicide, I think it goes without say that Blacks are perfectly justified in de- claring a Republic or a Liberated Tec- ritory, if we find that we cannot, through some mvtual coalition, bring about this type of pluralistic society that is desired, The only other alter- native to declare a Republic, and as I said, face the cowardly imoeri- , and thereby either de- suffer revolutionary su‘- alistic army feat them or cide, which is glorious simp’y because it would be our choice, and we won't stand by and let us be killed one by one, Killed in 30 mary ways, killed api riiual'y, ed throug’: lack of basic needs mediciis, £2 4 for s+ "ta, all these things that are so basic we don’t even have to aggue whether we're due them, As revolutionaries, | would Iike to point out, to clarify our catechiam that we have been completely cr sshed a3 members of this so-called civili- zation. And when | say comple crushed, as revolurt onaries, w not only rejected a eat by t 4 Preasor those sear ot he offer merely crumi we a re *. dinary | say ordinary for lack of aati ’ : are Offered y be-ay . np: W ' ’ We Nave t — ¢ wife n | Kind ¢ s ‘ ° Pp ni f ma : b : " : f > | n ondittlor r t 1 ‘ J ipital Ww - o ition r yt | , kid che i 4 a | et " in rle 1 - tt. r ) revolut tr } me g2ar } Ww *y 4 2! i mal’’ ir herr i» tar ly s « k t We r S } ‘ we A our job h tions that w t the ba th fa f th hat 5 ym ’ r iQ have 2 am ‘ kids that ar a r ¢ al 1 yf i n n ar } b - W.2 we ft xt Y dehumanized, But because we'' been dehumanized we've become very dangerous people, d th who won't lena ba hum | woulde@ad that it im ’ways b remembered , unders that our goal is) to, capitaligm and American imper- ialism, Becaose wichoar Us, we do nothing, All. POWBR TO THE PROP Huey P, Newton Minister of Defense Black Pan*he THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, NOVEMUER 25 CARBOWDALE, ILLINOIS 1970 PAGE 12 PIGS CREATE LIE TO ATTACK THE BLACK COMMUNITY " ! : the i : reseed Co ity of Ca I), was att edby the; lesedly the | Soot crume inklens ified r t= at tu < curity rd I . t( seu : t 1 t& house t North <then of tow ’ i ' ' € t 1 “ t WMain poople who I r t with the Black Pact t “ ity Center, wik } cated née bloc . rn i chim t 7 the house occu witnes cked the 7UuNnS, tuns, tearg dother powerful hand we $, An arme- ored tank was called infrom rear- by Cairo, (@ conn ity which ha been attacked times. The pigs atracke! the house o- round 6 a. plying the Same Faicing tactics used by Chicago ph wen theyassassinated Deputy Chair man Fred Hampton and Mark Clacx yn December 4, 1909. It was evid- ent fromthe assault pattern thatthe pigs intended to murder ormaimall the occupy. i se. State pigs and County pigs, combined with Carbondale pix mdStv pics all parccipated in the attack SSeS say that Jocal rucists also involved even t! ck itself affectednot Wit- weve O40 Ue 4ata- y Dlack pe- ople, but poor white people wh: in the area. The pigs ot holes in people's cars, damaged their homes and property. One brother named le sel] wa sister n t in the shou- med Vera Mk si¢ Rus kder. ..\ wio has re, ten children and lives next dour to the house which was attack ed. said that bullets came toto jer house so fase that she andthe chil- drea had to lay flat oathe floor The pigs used this attecs the house u i pretext to arrest other brothers in the community w were active inthe liber ati gle or worked wit me ce We, the People’s Action ( mittee, of Frederick, Maryland write this letter So that you willbe yw the city and county ne » of veoms are violating the hu- man rigats and cignity of Black people in this com: We are is that will investigaue our charges against the local government so Gat « inity ca c least stop living in constant fear of the police state in wiich we are liv now, The discrepancies we speok of involve, among other things, con- stant barassment of the community by police officials, improper ar- rex procedures, gula, if not il excessive bond being placed of members of the Black comin tity wan govern vemity . hope someone ir own on the mostirrce « The most recem examples of these charves ure the following Recently in this coumy 4nurco- tics raid © condicted which re- sukted in the arrest of 23 people wn marcecics charge l4 Black wople acre arrested and 5 Whites jix of these eight Whites had bonds low 7 (eh). of the two other Noites arrested, cae nad « bood f $5,000 md ese for $15,000 Abey FA vee ann a) ¢ were { { ‘ mot ‘ it th in criti t the entire « mity . - lated, no mail I : r le < | lr « re : ed, tri ’ t t retry! pee rrect form ati fr few Che t ft r tthe the brot in tl irronded the ( nity and cameforward to | r 4 the : tarder the tt ” re; ed that prev to ihe reender is t \ learned that the brother were i a, they atteznpted to Jis- perse 1 ¢ nity people, b thremening t pe with furthes — "he people gathered to insure that when the occupants surrendeced they wou'd nor be murdered be Brothers emerging from bu'lding after 3 hoacs shooting. | the comunity the pigs intentions ywever, the people in were welluwire of , D€Cause many gua baitle with Carbondale pigs, mooths prior hey had taken 4 pos- ition Stating that they dida’t want the pigs com! Inte he. rt Commun houses ich as the; . on December ttack In Carbondale hicate a lot of people on ature of the Sltuati Slack and oppressed people [ace In Poople must understand that everything that happens to op- pressed people this society is intercossected, When anincident occurred on the campas ofS,1,U, it was taken by the pigs to the oppres- sed community of Carbondale, when an incident takes place in Southern Ill it can take place in Chi- cago, or Boston, Rakimore, New Orletas, Detroit. When the people move t the dayt tacks by the pigs, tie peoples ser- vans, those who educate sod or- ganize the © first to be att If we can understand this, assaultpactern ofthe pigs, and w- see why the Black Paather Party isthe Vanguard force in the peoples strugele for liber. 1, bas had over 3O servants of "le killed, and burxtreds im - noned The attack The to¢ ' u loa. protect themselves from day ppressior ind at- people, are t cked. then we can see die National can whic al the pe in Carboodile shows PRESS RELEASE € people weve arrested before x conmittee mack wiblic a rate t tioning the fact that nds wer > low for White peo- "le aad i for Black. All Whites with lo« S hive been released, most of them oa their personal recoy (ft the l4 Blacks arrested, 2 a we Strange re Black people were released <i with the sume charges the other Glack people have on chem. This was after our public state- ment on the miter, However, there are still 12 Black people In- eurcerated under bonds raagin from $5.000 to $45,000 » suc ch as being a Lic auls ance keeping 4 peblic nuisance “l - temgxting to distribute cocaine, or possession f comrolied para- phe al the ist ruld policeinen en tered the house without « searct wirrant, They search roon WHNOUT a4 Searc witraw, ie that be € 4 young Ii)ack ait « rrested, tle was chaurgedwitt ttemm™ to sell attempting to dis- tribute Coane io wich there was ever y Coraine or oloer Peeeeeee drug involved mm the 2nd raid illegally « forced the door hone was tered; the policeman . This? it asearcn mire ! was also searched with iildren were un- frightened Chim the Wy police home, young wortin (Pregnant) rged in, cons- Ao aM your rrested. nN >) wre c distribution of her to distribute | wore with piracy ejsion of vin, and poss comrolle! para- phecnalia and keeping ombined together the C was $50,000, The young wo- released cald the home wus 1s the 2od the taken off to set at 345,000), thrown inse the force! the door i wis Is and hi rm twisted by the the 4th ruid the house was policeman oski infor matic centered the sume us the ! and cd, \ wSiman to jail, ller { wus $22,004 ws taken off set at li Blocks and irreste!l no is invelved al) Whites thar were we of their doors were forced tn "| White youth’, a policeman’s soa, this is his 4th arrest, On the first charge marijuana was found in flower pot growin; In his home, On the 2nd it was marijuana and the id arrest he was seized with $8.00) worth of mari- juansa, Bond » Se at $2,000, On the 4th arcest he was charged with possession of marijuana, bond Set af 51,000, ‘n the recent raid, s warrants me of the were in direct violation of the 4th aod Sth Amend- mems of the US, Constitution Defendants were denied tt eir right to see a counse), ilgo denied visi- tors. is in solitary. of ll Blacks that are i i), the Se. tch They are the right t ‘ One your courts ure givine then ouret Speedy trial so they cun railroad the Y This twister 3 White secrée taries were arrested aad charged with possessk of $50.0) worth af marcotics, They were released 2 onl J eventually thelr cases were thrown outofl court. 0 Nov, 4, 4 Glace wis arrested for assault because he was alleged SMICS Aen on the Digs in Carboadale, Ill, us the urgency of the Revolutionary Peoples Constitutional Convene tion, and ft clearly potars out that 4 state of war exists between the oppressed and the oppressor. We say that war is the highest form of resolving coorradiction, and the comradiction between oppressed and oppressor, slave and master, has reached a stare where the master is openly attacking the shive camp, openly preventing us from freedom and Uberation, therefore we must openly declare him the enemy and create a sitution to bare our struggle Uberation on. The brothers in Carbondalehave been arrested on several charges raying from atrempeed murder to disorderly conduct, bonds range from SIMUto Doa jackson at $100.00 The Revolutionary fervor is high in Carbondale. The 3 hour battle served to educate and revolutionize the masses. Let that fervor become an Intergral part in the Revolutionary fervor ac- cross the world, which will helpto free us all from oppression. \ll Power to the People. Monk Teba the lth of Oct. to stop narassing him. for he keew he was an un- dercover agem, 50 just stay away from him. This maa was ar- rested Nov. 4, held Incommunicado under $1,000 bond, tried on Nov.6 without legal counsel, and found guilty. This list could go on and on, Hike the incklent a few months ago where a Black woman who just happened to be walking down the Street, was shot in the arm by 3 White men who just didn't have anything else to do. Thenthe potice appretiended these assailants § blocks and told them it would be bese if they would leave COR aad BoE to come back for a while . We fecl there Was a sirogg ole- ment of recism yavolved in the Ac 0est Proon Mare, attitudes toward BiWek arresrees, and amount of cand levied, We feel thar discrepancies Should Warren, on investigation, away Sigeed by We the People \ction Committees Sigoedl the Chairman-.... Bobby H. Lee Vice Chairman Phillip ©. Holsey ~ IN FEAR OF VOSTER'S ‘THUGS dioun voasrma ~ eavtioer of civilisation These pictures were token in o Johonnesburg street The Africans were queveing outside o furniture store, A slight disturbonce broke out Instontly, white South Alfnicon po lice ottocked with dogs The cameromon hod covroge. Photogrophy is o donge rous hobby in modern South Alrico. When Johon Smit took on innocuous smopshot of o non-European restou font, secret police noted down hit nome ond the number of his cor Smit is o 40-year-old Docto Dutch ancestry English born. o South Alricon resident since he wos 13. Now he lives in London with his wife ond stmoll ton They've quit South Africo for ever, sickened by the brutolity of opartheid But feor remains. Johor Smit is not his reo deotihied hus relotons tspoken criticism of the Vor nome. Hes oalroid thot if he were in South Africa would suffer for his © Mer regime It's o nightmore place’ he soys South Alico is the worst police stote in the world. Only Nom Germony wos worte I've olwoys hod misgivings about oporthed Under Ve justification: a woerd there wos o leat! tome otfemp! o politicol philosophy thot the soces 4? vid be hepl oport to develop the owr tures ‘ jer Vorster ots lost all semblance of anything but grotut us brutolty You see it in the streets every CO My nine-year-old son wotched on Alrican youth beoten Bloody by two Al ons policeme les colles with therm Vou go to your office jlimdt @ ol the metsenge: boys there. Hes been pulled ‘ ol corryng o@ pot the po er © ed ow wi t o torme on the tinge of town. Hes bept ; npound under guard holl.storved. working att t poy Tecinicolly as Hlego t hoopens of! the time The government i the vo "oO shies pe ote believe he enstons er ' the cor ey wont to tee him put down Whore ! es die of ma uv t Notedy « 3 @ less um shoot on Atiicor he stree he police ten y to drag the gorden. You wont be ores ted. You've found him burgling your home thot him pte into your in detence of your property ond lite | know of on Altikcons former who beat a native to death. The man wos disobedient gunny tok died Thet wos one cose thot got into the newspopers Nobody wos particularly shocked In Johannesburg | sow o fotive gir The former put him in o tied him to o tree ond whipped him unti! he being beoten By o group of Africons. Three policemen were sionding neorby. They just shrugged their shoulders They were completely indifferent ‘So | drove to the police stotion. There wos o white womon in the waiting room. When told her whot wot just toid So what? One kolfic less white mon tor sleeping with happening she She'd come to form eo bloc git! The Immorolity Act forbids sex relations between the ces Smit shows you o pile of South Alfricon newspopers oll glooting ower trogedy The young couple whose morr s9¢ wos forcibly onnulled, when the wile wos found to have Coloured blood The sax girl expelled from schoo for the some reoson. A picture stop shows © white mon ond two small blod duldren. Headline: The sea butte ond two kids for fortedden love Caption Ace immorality Act cop Sergeo Piet Ras ond the teo Coloured Gwidrer of so-and-so both oaorents were jailed To sleep wit? yliwe g ‘ te sleeping wth on rie says Smut That's how the Boer thinks of the Alinco it's @ criminal offence And there are plenty of informers. Men howe been known to blow thew broins out rother thon foce charges under the Immorolity Act At the weekends you get gongs of drunts going Mhrough the border into out getting Swortland. where they con get tes with dire thew’ The newspapers cre crommed with propogando the Rond Daily Ma us one of the few free speaking popern like hell to stoy thot ryupting in m the country, ond it hos & t bonned hight ' woy letevrtion it's sound to be o co Huence. They're afraid of broadening the consciousness of the people ‘The South Africons think England is degenerate. That it's betrayed the white mon. They see themselves os the true soviours of white civilisotion. The lost bostion of Christion virtues. They find excuses for opartheid in the Bible The choirman of the South African Broedcosting Corpo- ration has o ton nomed Iran. it sounds like o nice Old Testoment nome, Unt! pou spell & bodrwords Mony Boers wanted the Nazis to win the wor. Hitlers racialist policy agreed with their own. They used to beot up their own soldiers who'd enlisted to fight Germony Today the police weor blue-grey uniforms like the Wehr. mod. There's o Supermon comples. Johonnesburg 6 full of weight-lifting clubs, ju-jitsy cluds As o motter of foct Johannesburg is grotesque. The lost bastion of civilisotion? Certoinly, if you equote civilisation with juke-boxes ond drive-in cinemas and on ostronomi col divorce rote. Everything's o pole copy of America. Ci- Wiitotion it you don't notice the police beoting up old notive women ond the block children try ng to sel llowers when they should be of home in bed The whole country is mentolly vader vege They're ter lied thot the gverilos moy Come down from the north it's olmost impossible for on able-bodied mon to leove the country between the oges of 15 and 26, He has to be teady to fight in the Defence Force. They're marching ogoinst the Hood of history They con only hope to beep the Alricons down by strenathening the police force t's a pokce stote. But thot doesnt meor thot the police «ill go into action if you have o burglary Trey re obsoty tely inefficient os for G8 normal polite dubes ore con cerned. But they'll olwoys be there to tee the blocks hove their posses, that they dont go in the tubwoys reserved tor Whites South African whites ore completely brainwashed They ebeut anything except rugby end Thot's why spect is so importent te them continued on next page cont tek trouble servont lhe THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1970 continued from last page IN FEAR OF VOSTER’S THUGS a haven't got anything else. The anti-Springbok demonstra tions hurt them very much. It's o pity Britoin hos to suffer But thonk God somebody is moking on effective protest I've left for good now. My only regret is thot | didn't leove sooner. There's a new brand of refugee today. People like me, who have grown to detest the woy of life in South Africo “We don't pretend that oll block men ore saints. But they're humon beings. The woy they're treated is inhuman They're horassed ond hounded oll doy ond oll night “The white mon is dragged down too. He's besmirched by association with this regime "To live in South Africe today is to be degraded.” t Direct help to the nationo! hberotion movements the struggle 2 Propagende ond more! support tk The international community con contribute to the success of the struggle for national liberation of the Portuguese colonies at two essential levels, Comrode Dos Santos spoke to SECHABA in Rome while attending the recent internationc conference in support of the liberotion fighters of the Portuguese colonies He soid: ‘Since we are engaged in on armed sMruggi¢ we require armaments, uniforms, ond so on but then there 1s olso the work in the liberoted orecs which involves edu cotion, health ond production Of course everybody cannot ge arms but there ore those who con. We hove seal needs in this sector therefore mote ol assistance must cover militory oid There are the Socio list countries who con do this and they do st With uniforms its the some. On the level of Notional Reconstruction we hove progrommes for educohon for health ond production For exomole in the progromme of education in our country, we hove to develop primary education. create new schools. produce new books for the pupil's. increase the stocks of books, orgonise troining courses for mew teachers, improve the level of existing teochers, ond eapond literocy closses for odults. We olso hove other sectors of higher education for “cadres”. medhonics and other tednicions for whch we do not hove sufficient moteriol meons of present parti. culorly for nurses, electricians etc CADRES The formation of “cadres” is a difficult problem since we depend on certoin moteriol resources which are not olwoys eotily obtoinable. There ore two solutions: either we orga nise tt ourselves with financial ossistonce of we send the troinees to other countries. The guerilios have undergone sod) courses in the countries where they troined Whot we now want is to do these progfommes ourselves in occord ence with our needs We therefore need eaternol oid ond we don't know to #hot estent non-governmental orgonisa- bons can help. We hove found thot politico! orgamsotons snd committees of support hove great dilficulties in find g moterio! resources to help in such programmes, but it is ot impossible. it means hord work and the mobilisotion of ndwiduals end orgonisotions which ore not in direct con- tact with us. We hove olready certain religious orgonsa t 6 from which we receive substontio! assistance. In our health programme we have o real need to greotly improve ospitals which are in the bush. Conditions ore very snd there is o great shortage of medicines Theo we have programmes for the increase of production be se we wont to produce os mud) oF we con tor our ves by Our Own lobour, We also wont to improve the ality of this production by improving the techniques used i by diversification ve © specio! section deoling with these aspects. but wt yet of o very high stondord We hove o section of ‘ abutoo ond commerce ond we hope to develop i into Marcelino Dos Santos PAGL M4 o Deportment precisely to increase production. We bodly need agriculturol equipment. We do not produce this equipment and yet this is the very basis of agriculturol work SECHABA osked Comrade Dos Sontos several questions ond his answers reveoled in vivid descoption HOW FRELIMO LAUNCHED THE ARMED STRUGGLE Sechaba. We would like to turn to the struggle itself, por ticulorly to the beginning of the armed struggle in Moraom bique Can you tell me how FRELIMO set oboul the tosh of loundying the armed struggle? Did you begin with politico! work. did you send codres in to prepare the ground belore Morcelino Dos Santos said MARCELINO DOS SANTOS, Vice-President of FRELIMO in an Exclusive Interview with SECHABA: you storted the guerilla action?’ Whet wos your “modus opercndi’t Des Santos. When FRELIMO wos ~ecoted we were olmost completely convinced thot only on ormed struggle would ollow us to fulfill our osprotions. We did not moke o greot discovery, in reading conclusion, os Angola hod olreody started, and Guine as well. It wos therefore mot difficult to see thot the Portuguese Government would not the people of Moramb: to create the minimum this reserve some special treatment for que. Nevertheless we were toying conditions for embarking on this ormed struggle At our congress September 1962 we had no ideo when we would start. But we set ourselves o number of tosks; first, to consolidcte the orgoniuotion inside the country, the polit col organisation m Were the people in the north of Mocombique well politic! sed betore this stage? Hod they porticipoted in ony kind of political movement before you started loying the boss for the armed struggle? There were smo!) groups which hod been formed olter the last war, 10 be more exact from 1948~-49. They were spread oll <clondestine anc quite widely, particularly in the towns unknown to eod) other IN THE COUNTRYSIDE But in the countryside? First they grew in the towns but certain other mowements such os the cooperotive cattle movement, were formed in the countryside. They were not at first o politico! movement but the noture of Portuguese Colonialism forced them into political commitment There were conflicts with the Admin strotion ond the disputes become politicol. But it wos the Uttle groups | first mentioned which hod clear politico! ob jectives. From 1955 some of these groups learnt about each other ond linked up. In this woy the political work progres sed. There were also orgonisotions tuch os the Mozaomb ave Africon Notione! Union which organised in the North at Cobo Delgado Democrotic union of Mozombi que, formed around 1960 which organited in the provinces of the centre and the South Gut it is in the Northern dis tnet thot important work wos done. All these groups were inherited by FRELIMO, o8 most of the comrades who worked in these groups in Morambique left for Tonronio otter inde pendence and orived there after November 1961 These comrades had contocts with the external orgonisotbons who moanoged to organise the meeting of 25th lune 196? ond then the Congress of September 1962 FRELIMO proceeded to consoldote them into a network inside Morombique whilst defining the tosks of the new organisation or the ‘ of the organisotion wos to bring them to howe From the very beginning the tosk to transform the consciousness of the people, to occept the idea of Notiono! Independence. ; corer ideo of the meoning of this ond also convince the people thot only an armed struggle would moke it possible ." to reoch this goo! — a z ea “| ; = MILITARY CADRES - a “a While carrying out this mobilisotion for ormed struggle and © svucturol octivity we were also organising the troining of “\litery codres 4 As eorly os Id of 4th Janucry 1962, thot is only three months after the Congress, the first group of 80 comrades elt for Algerio to learn the ont of guerilla warfare Loter we sent other groups to Algerio where obout 250-300 guerilios were trained. When we hod the minimum miltory organisation to loundh the ormed struggle we turned our attention egoin to the problem of the political structure which would support o minimum military network. ‘ co The problem wos to establish what wos o minimum military = organisction - how mony comrodes? Further, it wos not possible to determine the leve! of political consciousness — -. necessory to support armed struggle. We alto reolised thot = t wos not possible to develop o strong political organisa. tion under o foscist system You moy hove o clondestine * political network but ot o certoin level it becomes vulner — able to enemy oction We therefore created the minmum network to give ossistonce to the fighters. by supplying © ; food. orgenising hiding ploces and to give informoton 0 3 the guerillas. We then felt thot it was through the ormed struggle thot the politica! organisation would grow a So ot first there wos only the political network, then, when — our comrades hod trained in Algeria we had o military — orgonisation which wos received everywhere by the political - ‘_ wing. We then started our oction in Cobo Delgodo, — Nyosso. Zombesi ond Tete. But we were forced to stop the action in Tete ond Zambesi in July 1965 becouse of insuffi- cient supplies ’ ‘ I must soy thot the politicol work wos essential, the ormed — struggle being only an instrument, o tool. But it is now the principe! ection tor independence. Others have had to mo- bilise the mosses os their principe! oction towords indies 4 pendence, but for us it hos been the ormed struggle, whilst political work has not been neglected ond is o determining factor ea NEW CONDITIONS work? Wos there higher morole? The stort of on ormed struggle created new conditions for oc new development of the political organisation. Under o- foscist coloniol system there ore mony militonts who ore not sure of the other militants. They ore not sure who is” with or agoinst them. Becouse conditions ore so difficult, people don't trust each other. When the ormed struggle storts, two comps ore established; the one who shoots oo , the Portuguese can surely not be on the wrong side. We * then have o sure test. Whilst ot the stoge of political orgo- nisotion, people cre never sure ewen when somebody mokes a the right political statements, but when he fires on Porty- guese troops ond kills them you know who to trust Se- | condly this military action creotes the conditions for cleon- | ing up ond detecting the enemy elements and to destroy them, thereby creating new conditions for more efficient | ection by the orgenisction. This is how the ormed struggle — 4 onptributed to the polinecal network DOS SANTOS THEN DISCUSSED POLITICAL-MILITARY ORGANISATION — IN MOZAMBIQUE J When you made the recent ottocks in Tete did you prepore the ground with political work there too of wos ito que . of the “focus” opening the woy? 4 a -* , our work ot the beginning of 1962, we storted with the — orgonisation of the politico! network. At thot time there wos no militory orgonisotion, so ft wos purely politicol work, Then when the comrodes returned from troining we hod two sectors: the sector of political work ond the one for itory work. We tried to estoblish o coordination between | the two but this wos not olwoys eosy. Its not eosy to 07 eroctly why ond to establish the link between olf the toe tors. The people who mode up the politico! network inside — " did not alwoys hove the highest politicol understanding. ‘. These were the people «ho hod estoblished little groups ‘ even before the formation Af FRELIMO 5 , These orgonsers gomed the tespecho! the people bet did not hove ony(militory tho\ning whilst those who undergone gvuerdle troining bod alte) ocavired knowledge, onc we were 10 find ‘ater thot the lotter were the best militonts of FRELIMO, the true interpreters of FRE: LIMO policy, «hen the ofmed struggle wos lounched the comrades of The m)|(ory sector or/wed they were under the outhorty of the politica! OQ Qon sobon which the orders, But new problems arose with the struggle ond the polititel OF_ON sation could not them. At the some time the populotion were saying wos the militory wing which wos killing the Portuguese, the politico! wing and this gove immediote prestige to miitory wing 2 “ continued on next page 4 ‘a »* a a; os continued from last page ni eg PANTHER, SAT NOVEME RUOVY, IN FEAR OF VOSTER’S THUG’S When the Port tuguése withdrew from certoin oreos whid become liberated rones the people started to soy thot be fore the militory wing arrived there wos only tolk of inde pendence etc, so the prestige of the army grew. In the poli tical network we hod Group “Chairmen” ot the Dist rict evel who hod previously done useful work ed icating the People but when the army units Qtew o certain rivalry stor ted. The Chairmen. becouse of their lower political under- Monding, thought thot the armed struggle would be short tading to independence They believed that in the independant Morombique under FRELIMO they would be the leoders of the new odministra tion. Many of them begon to behave os traditional chiefs We must odmit thot the blome for this situation must be borne by the leadership of FRELIMO for foiliy resee such © situotion. It was not the foult of the people but of the FRELIMO Commond. We did hot foresee these revolu tonary problems and conflicts developing g to lo PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS Once these conflicts co ito the open we had to cnolyse the situction ond impose certain solutions. This we did. But certoin of the comrades hod wrong me conceptions about the Chairmen, in spite of their inab lity to govern the liberated areos. The population wos olwoys costing for solutions to problems such os how they were to obtoin c othing etc after the deporture of the Portuguese At this stege did the peosonts fee! thot they were goining from ther new freedom? Well, there wos no more tax t poy. but get clothes. where to get soop? In 1965 we hod not yet mode Provision for this. But the fighters had a good understend ing of the situotion and this wos natura were forced to hove this full comprehension of the pro blems. They understood that in the tight agoinst the Portu Quese they hoc to kill the soldiers or they would be killed they were olso forced to discuss ond understond whot re lotion they should hove with the people where to becouse they But the population themselves; there must hove been some conflict in their minds between the motericl conditions under the Portuguese and the new situation, ond they hod to choose? They chose the bad conditions Why? Whot foctors helped them to choose? Just one ot the beginning — freedom. They said we hove nothing but we ore free. But to be reolistic this stoge could not lost long.There had to be something else. We hod to Sotisty their needs. But where to obtoin clothes? And other materiols? We knew thot whotewer our eHorts we would not be able to supply ol! their requirements in this field Therefore we were forced to give them something else = o politica! awareness. We hod to develop political mobiliso tion. It wos simply impossible to soatisty oll the moteriol needs. We hed to explain this and show thot we were creating conditions for improving the situotion very quickly Were the conditions very bod at this point? Yes, we hod many cases where people went bock to using bork to clothe themselves. But we explained to the people thot it wos ao new situction for everybody and that we were trying to find solutions Whot cbeout the urbon groups during this period? Was there olso struggle in the urbon creas or not? In the towns we only incrected the pressure of the clande Stine movements but did not take ony military action HE PRESERVATION OF LEADERSHIP Te turn to another question, whot is your policy on the Question of preservetion of leodership? Cleorly o more- ment has to preserve its experienced codres, this is on ob- jective requirement, but ot the some time there is o neces: Sity to involve the leadership Whot is your policy on this question? Eorlier we were tolting of the polit soid thot ot the beginning we hod two sectors and thot we hod mony problems We hod to solve these problems by Pulting into proctise Our Weos of O Quer al] mely thot everyone is 0 politico! codre ond yet everyone is alse o fighter But one must determine the tosks for each sector — for exomple whot ore the tasks of the guer! ilo? First to fight then mobilise the populotion, then to pro duce. Whot is the fa som? First to produce then fight in self. detence. and detence of the region where he is. For the teacher, his first tosk is to teach. then mobi- lise. then produce The medico! orderly, whot 1s has tosk? First to treot potients, then produce. then fight Everybody hos o common tosk which 6 prody Al every school there is o field for production, olso in every Dose, in every hospito! It wos estoblished ossory But conditions difier greatly, When we wonted to re-sort the fighting in Tete recently, we sent comrades who olreody hod o politico military formation But there were islands of mobilned people in certain areos where the terran wos not lovouroble to an armed struggle. On the other hand whee people hod not been mobilued the lovourable to gueri! With the help of the politico militory Codres we were oble to detect the most favourable points for militory action in the Tete province ond corty owt ° timultoneoys mobibsoton of the populotion in these col problems and we oc movement lost oO peo ton thu wos ee ot terrain wos o ochon in this woy which ee S$ onisted pose the pr We reolised thot there thot the pre Mt thot one we were oble to correct the delicienc abo Delgodo ond Nyosso ond ix solution of th codre ly new. We ob clotle, ond the phenomeno octica e po itco militory our tosks were roa sorveo yems were quite unpred we 'eor ust De ottentive to o ond problems os they arise This means thot there must be Cetect the problems quickly by 19 on. This con only ders being in the area. This is then dec presence we con then tole of the preservation comrades who ore o 1g ond understond be done by retponuble le e to observ the situo absolutely politic respec necesscry. tf we can accept the of sible the leoders but in the battle oreo leader of FRELIMO | hod to moke this esplonotion Question becouse it is eoder tary codres and the need tor the leoders of The requisite vigilonce which must be assured is is where it must be done Every ity but to answer very clearly your orgued thot the security of o the battle oreo. This is not the nm this oreo hos 0 tecu curtoin ground him often picces him outside cose, his security must be ossured Frelime Women militants Did you hove any requests from the people in the South to introduce guerillas to fight lor their defence? Yes, we hod our organisation in the South, clondestine ond political. and the comrodes trained in Algeria went to the South in 1964 Frelimo guerillos °e PKOBLEM OF SUPPLIES In view of South Africo’s aggressive militory strategy and the proposed base ot Lilongwe in Molew! and others in Zimbobwe have you considered the possibility of o mebtary three batalions of 600 each, in the province of Nyosso there were 25 SA planes two yeors ago. Then there ore the personnel ond technicians of SA in the hospitols of Bede and Nompole. Tete hos doctors and nurses in lorge num bers and certoin means of tronsport purely SA. They have thelr own security personnel and their own comps for their soldiers and polce i think thot the South African’s policy is thot # the Portu guese Government connot ensure the defence of Mozom bique, South Africa will do it. They soy it openly. South Alrice is ot present on Imperialist notion in Southern Africa ond unless she chonges her present policies it is SA which will be the greot enemy of everybody Portugal will be the secondary enemy. We cre now fighting the Portuguese but it is South Africo which directs the Strategy and determines the policy. But we are convinced that if our fight develops in Morombique. if it continues to develop in Angolo, if the South African people develop their liberation struggle with the Zimbabwe people it will be South Africon forces which we will hove to engage in the wor. It is difficult to see on Independent Morombique or Angolo whilst there is o fo cist South Africa ond Xhodesio. unless there is o change in the orientation of imperialism Se you see your struggle as @ protracted wor, with o steody increase in terntonal power in Morembique, but ot the some time a situction of constant struggle wotil the whole of Southern Africa is treet | agree with this perspective. And this Ports to certain re sponsibilities which we. must shoulder to creote greater cooperation. We must lecrn to coordinate our action to foce the enemy ond ossume ovr historic responsibilitvtes secling off ot the Tanzanion Border? In thot event would you be able to corry on your struggle in Mozambique? fam convinced thot ormed struggle cannot exist without supplies, but whot ore the possibilities of ensusing supp- est Without ony doubt tont role bul Tanrania ond Zambio pkey on impor. ot the present stoge of our struggle | think that even if the border with Tanzania wos closed. we would Mot stop our fight Why? becouse the resources of our Mruggie ore now very large. Our ability to creote ot this stage ofe very good It is possible to break through any such berries ond | must say that we would be oble to stop the creotion of o borries Furthermore there are other ways of assuring supplies Do you use the coost ot oll? Are you able to penetrote to the coastline? | understand thot some coastline forts hove been attoched by FRELIMO forces, have you been able to get to the sea and hove you been able to estoblish some permanent presence on the coastline? We hove already some presence on the coastline S. A. INVOLVEMENT IN MOZAMBIQUE Whet reports do you get from inside on the SA economic ond militory presence in Mozombique? The information which we hove is that South Africo is trying to consolidate her position in Mozombique by investing in componies ond also by direct military intervention. For exomple there are SA battolions at Fingue ond Chione. REPRINTED FROM SEC OF FICIAL ORGAN OF CAS HABA ANC, (SOUTH AFRIC BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1970 PAGE continued from page 9 MURTAGH AND HOGAN EXPOSED r of | ' t t «1 j ive Niurt i { tt r i ere md ter t i t I t 1 of ir t i t ra t i t i ; t if ob tt ! <t s : | < i ! : kil rrich Na | i] ' re efor Derrk x te fy | { i l i taf ' ite trict! 5 t ' wit < i t ur I recor: A Us ich 1 inkiimat t ( ae the rai fess ¢ tai P - ff 1 ink fr is hi : « re x eT racist, I s well-b rth respecte: i-communiss ; 1% ther ers ruli ! ircles. He for > ke ! Hog ie ar te { | Opposed ¢ eree f h ¢ " ir it { Comr ist ( ' i 1 r pect re i ar ito | imi t vie re arr ed, \ ’ e CLnited Nati l ae course, i e ind, | le ro wit i ver m tek respect ec lete trust tt ’ “ f e ¢ ist ind rr leaders : China 9 yahere the Punthers to insure that else’, lic thinks that “‘forei wouki get the tof trial policy, to effective t t ret in I backed » by the greatest mili york. The televisi « it! tary strength in the world,” Mm the indictment w e- | was warded the annual cedenrc! I i r istrict mnericanism award ofthe Colone] A\ttorn I ide before ¢ Franci Vis Post Americ ther lawyers had c€ to See Legion ‘“*for hi ervices to the the indictment i WWE] UTE PEOPLI lay of judicial genocide or le 1 etles the form of a tynet Four r ro ay at ! port c t fo \ re in f c New York fr rook a i ity Pri - at « ! ‘ 4 serie rison l ! ict, tin luring ¢ tir lays of tobe 4 t false r of uit year. Due e pig i is amt lo s¢ ropagaads (w lied the reefold purpose: (1) To ¢ fetal t people do not know ily soothe t c “ the rebelli i ‘ rrection tacticul force ipo We demanded the dignity and just- iy ‘“ er left standi ice thar r wuiet Cup inki cer r won und is being denied us. Qur hrems as we were tr erred pattie must and will continue to t th ri ?\ T ear grow Stronger throughout al] of into the hearts row the prisons + caged oc uncaged - Red, amd Yellow political prison- mil we can walk in Gegnity ba - coximately 10 chers look ipoa meiness wit have been beaten to dest prise strengt only respect i y have been hospitalized strength and we are dealin: wih: Mme « { N.Y. City Pris ove of the (wo most powrrtul are still on reprisa!] conditions - military complexes in the world with all day lock-ins catines, So we trust stand tall. uo » il, The nao f ine \t Branch Queens we witnessed metes is stil) 90" Black i Puert the power of the people, andeven Kicon. The bulls are seill « : Ow r bodies are wrapped in Ditant, the judces, ‘ the ms s (shield of your ley ick re still onthe c hove = for without the peoples’ teu. The only thi ‘ woot i lewth w © ‘ J t rey the the bout hralivua ver re a « i . ! uk i mre ind t kil sel li ox ' it cen 5 t : < ke i | t f ‘ ri H } wes } - li 1 Lt ] fel e i t ; re : } ' t riz t l ‘ te \ i ' uu ‘ eet fos ki . ‘ ‘ ie t : ' ime the jf I t tiet “ ’ I ! IN a ré ou j\l 128 PAGES OF REVOLUTIONARY ART WE WILL NOT HESITATE TO EITHER KILL OR DIE FOR OUR FREEDOM Cove uterery art wy tmery Gowgier Me mister of Coltere Bleck Peather Party ’ WE HAVE TO BEGIN TO DRAW PICTURES THAT WILL MAKE PEOPLE GO OUT AND KILL PIGS EMORY DOUGLAS MINISTER OF CULTURE BLACK PANTHER PARTY Our Minister of Culture, Emory Douglas has a new book in print- ing to be released in near future. The title is ‘‘We will not hesitate to cither kill or die for our freedom,”’ Emory illustrates the essence of revolutionary art, “‘the people’’, in pictures as well as gives the Black Panther Party’s positionon revolutionary art, the THE LATEST RECORDING OF THE LUMPEN, BLACK PANTHER PARTY BOBBY MUST BE SET FREE AND NO MORE 50¢ EACH PUL ASt man Cece O8 MOretT C#DEE TO ee Oey em are Pentre Peary Bee 206) Corlem Mowe San Frascnce C4 M28 — oe oor ; GREETING CARDS - ona eee Pannen enn eens _ CHECK BELOW: Amount — -_ e » q 5 ! Leard We q eants <1 0 eee An Cre eon! OOOE TO OLE) OF RO OREATOR FLaCe POETS henry : er 208) Conte Beene See fremcnee C8 8608 4 October 1966 Black Panther Party Platform and Program What We Want What We Believe a oo 6 oo Seeeeaeea se x x ® Oe OR bw . C268 08 68 8 6° eneeeeeeeee 4 ose e 6. P. Neawcton Minister of Defense Black Panther Party Hues 1. We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny ef our Black Communily We believe that black peopte will not be free until we are able to deter mine our destins 2 We want full employ ment for our people ; iment is responsible and obligated to We believe thal the federal government bs i ga uaranteed income We believe that if see ever man emplovinent of a 4 a I not pive tu ! employment. then the neeen W the white American tusiticssnien i | means of production hould be taken trot le of The community can organize and en the businessmen and placed m the community se that the poop , plos allot at pcopele carnal grieve stigh stundard ving LT CE | | | | AO Nit BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1970 3. We want an end to the robbery by the CAPITALIST of our Black Community We believe that tl int demanding the overdue debt covernment has robbed us and now we are 4. forty acres and two mules. Forty acres md two mules was promised 100 vear ago as restitution for slave labor and m murder of black people. We wall a cep! the payment in currency Which will be distrib mmunities The Germans are now aiding the Jews the genocide of the Jewish people. The Ger mans murdered six million Jews, The American racist has take nm part in the slaughter of over fifty million black people. therefore. we feel that this iS a modest ted to our many israc: to demand that we make 4. We want decent housing, fit for shelter of human beings. We believe that if the white landlords will not give decent housing to mir black community. then the housing and the land should be made into Cooperatives so that our community, with government aid. can build and make decent housing for its people 5. We want education for our people that exposes the true nature of this decadent American society. We want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present-day society. We believe in an educational system that will give Lo our people a know!l- edge of self. If a man does not have knowledge of himself and his position in society and the world, then he has little chance to relate to anything vlse 6. We want all black men to be exempt from military service. We belicve that Black people, should not be forced to fight in the mifi- lary service to defend a racist government that does not protect us We will not fight and kill other people of color in the world who. like black people, are being victamized by the white racist government of America. We will protect ourselves from the force and violence of the racist police and the racist military, by whatever means necessary 7. We want an immediate end to POLICE BRUTALITY and MURDER of black people We believe we can end police brutality in our black community by or- ganizing black sel(defense groups that are dedicated to defending our black community from racist police oppression and brutality. The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States gives a right to bear arms. We therefore belicve that all black people should arm themselves for self-defense 8 We want freedom for all black men held in federal, state, county and city prisons and jails. We believe that all nlack people should be released from the many Jails and prisons because thoy have not received a fair and impartial trial 9. We want all black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their black communities, as defined by the Constitution of the United States We believe that the courts should follow the United States Constitution © that black people will receive fair trials. The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution gives a man a right to be tried by his peer group. A peer is 2 person from a similar economic, social, religious, geographical, en- vironmental, historical and racial background. To do this the court will be forced to select a jury from the black community from which the black defendant came. We have been, and are being tried by all-white juries that have no understanding of the “average reasoning rman” of the black community 10. We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace. And as our major political objective, a United Nations-supervised plebis- cite to be held throughout the black colony in which only black colonial subjects will be allowed to participate, for the purpose of determining the will of black people as to their national destiny. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal Station to which the laws of nature and nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty. and the pursuit of happiness. That. to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to aller or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form. as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and bappiness. Pru- dence. indeed. will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transent causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shown. that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable. than to right themselves by abolishing’ the formMis.to which they are accustomed But. when a long train of abuses and \ usurpation, pur- suing invariably the same object. evinces a design to reduce them under ab- solute despotism, itis their right. it is theie duty, to throw off such govern- ment, and to provide new guards for their future security. } " aah S448 ss A a | TT —§ — <A T ———T —— PAGE 17 LS CS 1 1 1 | | tt | mms | ttt Mie N N | . N | N | N s | N N | N N | ‘ N | ‘ N N | N N | . ‘ ‘ | ‘ ‘ ‘ | ‘ ‘ N | N N N | N ‘ | N N | N N N | N N N \ RULES OF ThE BLACK PANTHER PARTY NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 1048 PERALTA STREET OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA Party ember car ive & weapon In his possession UNK or loaded off narcotics or weed, Yo Party er ’ ig any crime agaiast other rarcty members or | ople at all, and cannot steal or take from the peopic, w even a necdie or a piece of thread, %, When arrested BLACK PANTHER MEMBERS will give only name, ackdiress, and will sign ching. Legal first aid must be understocd by all Parry members The Ten Point Platform and Program of the BLACK R PARTY must be known and understood by each Party t be National and oe K ¥ perate uncer the jurisciction MONTH 6 MONTHS wi ria® fron adouarters mere t OMMITT F IMF ORMATION, BLACK PANTHER PARTY m Moore, Sa0 Francuce, CA S41 26 KIDNAPPED | HLEY PR NEWTON — (he oe THE GENIUS OF ree ALL Political prisoners BPP. MIN Capitals: = Ph OF INFORMATION Dope F qaals Gen- = ide AS) | BOX 2964, v Michael "Cee CLUSTOMHOLSI «2vo"" Tabor S| C4. 91126 ‘ mae: GNY A€dO@ NYWHIVHD 1 AVG JH1,, ‘ONIAVS 3 wr mt, _ wm | = .. = an’ | = > = _ eS o Loa] | = wm o > 3 ; © in a a > ea” nw . ww = . Gee oO t 4 Ho i] _ = oO ie > _ [ced “~~ wv ° uv 31d03d JHL = m ~~ yr) “ > ~ 4 al x ~wv — —_ o “ tJ z x oO =z —_ = ial “ = — oO =