Vol. 5, No. 23

THE BLACK PANTHER 25 Black Community News Service i, Uy Moly i ' :” o> S fg 2 : \ ALAN Ge fo “a WD Ss a ; \ . \ \ Sas » \ \ THE BLACK ‘PANTHER, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1970 PAGE 2 SRMRAPTING THE DRe 00 oes em EIS i} DS AGAINST THESE guy BEST HUMANITY Jam POSSESSES. / LARRY ROBERSON Murdered by Chicago Pigs September +, 1959. oo FRED HAMPTON — Murderedby Chicago Pigs December 4, 1959 At Funeral of Deputy Chairman _ FRED HAMPION BABATUNDE X OMARWALI Murdered by Chicago Pigs July 27, 1970 : “MARK ‘CLARK ihirdered by Chicago Pigs pibeormber 4, 1969 SPURGEON ‘JAKE’ WINTERS STERLING JONES ; Murdered by Chicayo Pigs Murdered by Chicago a November 13, 1969 December 25, 1% CHICAGO ILL. The Spirits of FRED HAMPTON and MARK CLARK Live On Fred Hampton ~ Mark Clark STRIKE miavacon,wataceaerse PEOPLE'S 7 ee eer RALLIES Ld AT THESE LOCATIONS: FAVE SCH AT OR IN OPP NO SCHOOL chirarth NO WORK Our Redeemer St. Time-12°00 Noon Dandy Dec. 4 1970 For further Ultnols Chapter Black Panther Party People’ $ “Chaves information contact 2350 W Madison S. Ashland In October 1957, Black Panther Party Minister of Defense, Huey P, Newton was jailed; in April 198 Black Panther Party Treas- urer, Bobby Hutton was shot to death and Minister of Information, Eldridge Cleaver was wounded and jailed; in January 1%9 Southern California, Deputy Minister of Defense, Alprentice ‘Bunchy’ Car- ter and Deputy Minister of In- formation, Jolin Huggins were as- Sassinated.In August 1969, Black Panther Party Chairman &: Seale was jailed. Since its inception the Black Pan- ther Party suffered a long train of barsh abuses against its leadership on a state and nation- 41 level. In their efforts to liqui- date the Black Panther Party, the pigs have steadily ripped leadership by any means coaven- tent to them, The Ulinois Chapter of the Black Panhter Party like all other chapters has been victimized u: wantoaly by the pigs in their efforts to destroy the Party. On three Seperate occasions, the Chicago estapo under the direction of the Daley (mayor of Chicago) regime attacked the Illino!s Chapter headquarters in Chicago, On June 4, 199, approximately 509 pigs cordoned off a 2 mile area and made a pre-dawn raid on the office at 2350 W, Madisoa. A toral of eight were ar- rested and charged with harboring a fugitive. Subsequently allcharges were dropped because the pigs nevec did find the ‘fugit ° On July 31, 1969, three Panthers defended this same office in a 45 minute shoot-our with the pigs. This ineident started when pigs who were passing in front of the office for the fourth time opened fire. The brothers Jailed and charged with attempted murder, Bail for each of themwas Set at $20,000. After the arrests the pigs set fire to the office and completely burned the Inside A third raid, on October 4, 199, involved six Panthers and one com- munity member who defended the office against several hundred pigs. This time the pig's excuse Was that someone wis from the roof of the office. As in the two preceeding raids the Pigs destroyed food, the pliysical structure of the office itself and stole all the money. Interspersed with these open at- tacks on the offices were coastunt Jallings, beatings and murders. On June 10, 1%9 the Breakfast Coordinator, Larry Roberson, was Shot to death after he defended } has off the have opealy persons were beaten, Sniping machines, himself against a pig attack, Larry was in the community collecting Breakfast donations when pigs opened fire on him after alleged- ly investigating an unheard of robbery, On Novernber 13, 1969 in a shoor- out that ended with three pigs dead and seven wounded, Panther, Spur- geon ‘Jake’ Winters was killed. A second brother, Lance Bell, involved in the shootout is now In jail cha d with issorted crimes murder andother FRED HAMPTON SELLING THF PANTHER PAPEK AND EDUCAT- ING THE PEOPLE, Consistently throughout his membership in the Black Panther Party, Illinois State Chapter Deputy Chalrman, Fred Hamptor was subjected to state's atto Edward V, Hanrahan’s special at- tention, On May 26, 199, Fred was sentenced to serve from two to five the Staresville Penitentiary for robbing 71 cream bars from a Good Humor truck. The charge itself was so absurd that the prosecutioa’s en- tire case dealt with Fred's poli- tical beliefs which endorsed ‘cri- minal or illegal activity’. At his sentencing, bootlicking Judge Sid- ney Jones admitted that he wanted Fred in jail for political reasons years in ice- - * reeves | s AANA AAD a defense motion when he denied ond with the excuse tes armed revo- for an appeal t that "*He advo lution"’. After the Deputy Chairman's imprisonment, the Illinois Chapter and the masses of people went on to “free Fred” (It ng this time that the first two attacks on the office occured) wa On the rwo days prior to his sen- tencing, Fred Hampton was given 1 trial by the community in people’s court. The actu m f the pig wit 1 t Fred tated and Fre ccing \ i t if ted out the many contradictions in their res- The same defense wit- esses who testifiedfor Fredinhis establishment trail, testified agair before the people's court. Ajur Fred's peers found him n of the The sé people wiio found Fred not guilty, vigourot ed to free him after | ar ceration hey worked to free Fred Hampton because he had committed himself to the ideolo- Party and had implemented it on a very reul level to the masses of people. Fred was the driving for the beginning of the fast for Children Program and the Free Medical Clinic in of the Black Panther ce behind Free Break- People's Chicago, Although he was remanded to Statesville prison, less than two weeks after his incarceration he was transfered to Menard prison waere he was temporarily out of communication with other Party members. One after his transfer, on June 10, 1969 he was indicted along with 16 other people by &@ Cook County Grand Jury for week kidnapping. Ball on this charge was originally set at $100,000, On Au 15, 1969, the inde- structable spirit of the poeple was victorious and Fred Hampton was freed. a” ; & THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY; DECEMBER'S,'1970° PAGE 5 LIBERA- ‘ ts | MURDER Z TION.” Q “YOU CAN JAIL A REVOLUTIONARY BUT YOU CAN'T JAIL THE REVOLUTION. RUN A FREEDOM FIGHTER AROUND THE CO BUT YOU CAN'T YOU CAN NTR T 9 From this point on Fred was the focal point of harassment where- ver he went, However, Fred con- tinued to implement on 4 practi- cal level the politics of the Black Panther Party. During this perlod the people's for the Party grew and they really began to un- derstand fascist repression inder which all Black people suf- fer. love the ember 4, 1969 an expanded force of Chicago's finest fascists artack- ed Fred Hampton's home, The pig who lead the attack John, Ciszewski, was given one assign- ment which he dutifully carried out---that was to assassinate the Illinois State Deputy Chairman, Fred Hamproa, Fred Hampton was Shot to death as he lay in his bed asleep, The first shots fired into Ronald ‘‘Doc’’ Satchel.Fred Hampton, and ‘Deputy Minister of Defense, Bob Rush In a Jast desperate attempt to undermine the revolutionary acti- vity of the masses in Illinois across the country, Daley in con- junction with with the enthusiastic endorsement of the Nixon ~ Agnew - Mitchell regime conspired the most blatantly fas- cist attack on the Black Panther Party. and Hanrahan and : Fred speaking to the people, whom he loved, the house killed another fighter for liberation, Peoria, Illinois Def- ense Captain, Mark Clark, Seven ther Panthers including Deputy Minister of Health, RonaldSarchell who survived the pig shoot-in with varying degrees of wounds were after several months of investiga- tion freed from attempred murder on a plg charges, Fred Hampton's assassitiwas Successful in physically removing our Deputy Chairman, However, pigs are being sent to their graves ndred fold as the words of Fred Hampton echo in the minds of the masses, “If you kill a few PlgS you get a littlé satisfaction, If you kill some more pigs, you some more satisfaction, And when you kill all the pigs, you get complete saticfaction,”” yet ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! LONG LIVE THE REVOLUTION- ARY SPIRIT OF FREDHAMPTON] THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5.1970 PAGE 4 THE YALE CORPORATION AND THE PRE-PLANNED MURDER OF CHAIRMAN BOBBY SEALE AND ERICKA HUGGINS Yale is best described as a racist institution of corporate capitalism that is governed by a board made up from America’s triangle of evil, govert- ment, finance and business. The most decadent of the ruling class circle compose this board. At the head of the list under government is John Lindsay the Mayor of New York City, who promotes communities for Blacks and Spanish speaking people such as Brownsville. Next to Lindsay is William Bundy, Assistant Secretary of State for Eastern Affairs in 1964 and a member of the CIA in 1965. Cyprus Vance, Secretary of the Army, 1962 to 1963 Deputy Secretary of Defense. William Warren Scranton, former Governor of Pennyslyvania and former boss of Philadelphia's gestapo Chief Rizzo, John Whitney, Advisor to Council of Public Affairs, Department of State. Caryl Haskins, Panel Advisor on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, also a trustee of Rand Corpora- tion. Under business there are the likes of Arthur Kithedge Watson, Chairman of the Board IBM Work Trade Corporation. Frederick Balwin Adams, Director of Atlantic Coast Line, Edwin Foster Blair, on the Board of Directors of Canada Dry Corporation. Under finance , there is the likes of Williams Horowitz, President and Director of the General Bank and Trust Company of New Haven and also Chairman of the Connecticut Board of Education, Joseph R. Dilworth, Chairman of the Board of Rockefeller Center Incorporated and also director of Chase Man- hattan Bank and Chrysler Corporation. Speacer D. Mosely, President of American Transporta- tion. Joseph 1. Miller. Board of Directors of ATT, Chemical Bank, N.Y. Purity Stores and Equitable Life Insurance also Trustee to Ford Foundation. This tightly knit clique of gangsters control over seventy five percent of the land in New Hayen which is owned by the Yale University Corporation. One of their chief lackeys is Police chief James . Ahern who is somewhat of a super pig. He serves the corporation well by m aintain- ing atop guestAPO force in the Black, poor White and Puerto Rican community. a native of New Haven, Conn. He entered police service in 1954 as a patrulman . In 1962 he was promoted to sergeant, in 1967 he was promoted to Lieutenant, in 1968 he was appointed Chief of Police. In 1967 Ahern was a special consultant to the U.S. Department of Justice. Aiso in 1967 he This super fascist is THE HYPOCRITICAL PRETENSE OF JUSTICE IN NEW HAVEN, CONN, CONTINUES AS A JURY IS BEINGSE- LECTED FOR THE TRIALOP CHAIR- MAN BOBBY SEALE AND SISTER ERICKA HUGGINS, THE FIRST AND SECOND PANEL OF ONE HUNDRED PROSE PECTIVE JURORS ONLY PRODUCED Two MEMBERS, A THIRD PANEL OF FIF- TY WAS EXHAUSTIVELY EXAMINED AND WE ARE STILL FAR FROM FIND- ING THAT IMPARTIAL" JURY, FOR ALL OPPRESSED PEOPLE IN BABY- LON THS 1 NO SURPRISE BECAUSE JURORS ARE NEVER MEMBERS OF OUR PEER GROUPS. OF THE THIRD PANELSINTEEN WERE EXCUSED, SUPPOSEDLY BE- CAUSE OF PERSONAL HARDSHIPS CHAIRMAN BOBBY SEALE was consultant te the office of Law Enforcement Assistance and Crime Control Act Task Force, whose uctivities involved planning the design for the Omnibus Crime Control and safe streets act of 1968. Chief Ahern is an associate fellow at Yale University. ‘Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut is one of the focal points of the American capitalist system . in all fields and areas of government and business. It is institutions such as Yale that breeds the beast of oppression. The state of Connecticut under the the United States of America, using a system of Class and race oppres- sion taught and developed by Yale University, has taken on a task that is guaranteed to get Yale and direction of possibly the state destroyed. Their task is to capture, and execute Bobby Seale, Ericka Huggins, Landon Williams, and Rory Hithe, it is the task of the people to liberate these political prisoners of war as soon as possible and by any necessary. The lives of tionaries are priceless, means these revolu- REPORT ON THE TRIAL OF CHAIRMAN BOBBY SEALE AND ERICKA HUGGINS IN NEW HAVEN, CONN. BEFORE THEY EVEN APPEARED FOR EXAMINATION, OF THE RE- MAINING THIRTYFOUR, SIX WERE EXCUSED BECAUSE OF THEIR RE- LATIONSHIP WITH PIGS, TEN BE- CAUSE OF THE PREJUDICE OF THE DEFENDANTS FOR THE SLACK PANTHER PARTY, EIGHT BECAUSE OF PRE-CONCEIVED OPINIONS OF THE CASE, TWO BECAUSE OF FEAR OF THE PANTHERS, ONE BECAUSE OF A PREVIOUS ARREST BY A PIG INVOLVED IN THE CASE, TWO BE- CAUSE OF A STAND AGAINST CA- PITAL PUNISHMENT AND PIVE BE- CAUSE OF HARDSHIPS. OUT OF THE FIFTY, ONE WAS BLACK, ONE WAS A “TOWNODONS- TASLE,"' ONE WAS A RETIRED Pls, THREE WERE BLOOD RELATIVES OP It serves as a training ground for the elite How much is the life of a Yallee’ worth? How — much is the life of a Black child who lives ina - dilapidated house under the shadow of Yale University worth? Is it worth the non-violent slow” death that is unavoidable? Yale with its political, economic, and police — power is an implement of state power which must be smashed by any and all means. So the Black Panther Party calls for a ‘Peoples show down action’ to free all political prisoners to begin immediately and to continue until all political prisoners are free, beginning with Bobby Seale and Ericka Huggins. DESTROY THE FASCISTS AND ALL THEIR INSTITUTIONS ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE. ERICKA HUGGINS NEW HAVEN PIGS, TWO KNEW THE MOST NOTORIOUS PIG INNEWHAV- EN "WELL", IT IS OBVIOUS THAT THIS FARCE WILL CONTINUE FOR SOMETIME WE CALL UPON THE PEOPLE To TAKE HEED AND UNDERSTAND THAT REGARDLESS OF WHOIS CHO- SEN TO BE A MEMBER OF THE JURY, CHAIRMAN SOBBY.-AND ERICKA WILL NEVER GET A FULL JURY OF THEIR PEER GROUP, [T Ss CRYSTAL CLEAR THAT THEY WILL NEVER RECEIVE A FAIR TRIAL, WE WILL NOT ALLOW CHAIRATAN BOBBY AND SISTER ERICKA TO BE RAILROADED TO THE ELE €TRIC CHAIR, ALL POWRKR TO THE PE OPLE! aly THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1970 PAGE)5 = h ozzs 4H ozs o9sz$ is 1s 41s 3931109 a1dW3L AYHOA TWHLN3ID —— NNa3d > 3 “s,, cate 7 bart > % 8 ait} 4 2 49 rf tf 23 & i) a es ie ” ro] ie i x= a . = THE TRUSTEES OF YALE UNIVERSITY > - =—< = “” 4 ; = WILLIAM P. BUNDY \ Assistant Secretary of state for \ Far Eastern Afafirs 1964-— \ Assistant Secretary of defense on KINGMAN H. BREWSTER, President Internal Security Affairs 61-63 \ CIA 1965-61 \ member of Council on Foreign RT. REVEREND PAUL MOORE Relations member of national board of NAACP Legal Defense Fund JOSEPH R. DILWORTH President Rockefeller Family and Associates Chairman of the Board Rockefeller Center, Incorporated. Director Chase Manhattan Bank Director International Basic Economy Corporation - HAROLD HOWE I! Director Youngtown Sheet and Tube Chairman of the Board of Trustees Director R.H, Macy Company College Entrance Exam Board Director United Nuclear Company JOHN HAY WHITNEY Director Chrysler Corporation Chairman of Whitney Communications Member Council on Foreign Relation President of John Hay Whitney Foundation ARTHUR KITTREDGE WATSON Advisor to Council on Public Affairs, Vice Chairman of the Board IBM Department of State Chairman of the Board 1BM World pcp IS DP MOSELY, Ambassador to Great Britain 1956-62 Trade Corporation sce a data Peeper dp eal member of committee on foreign bie pa a! Orporation of economic policy, 1954 ; ; FREDERICK BALWIN ADAMS Trustee Committee on Econamic Director Pierpont Morgan Library Development CARYL PARKER HASKINS Director American Potash and Chemical Director Haskins Labs, Inc. Director Atlantic Coast Line JOSEPH IRWIN MILLER Consultant:Secretary of Defense Director Vanadium Corporation of Chairman of the Board Cummins Engine Co 1950-60 America Company Consultant: Secretary of State 1950— Chairman of the Directorate Irwin Union Panel Advisor: East Asian and Bank and Trust Co. Pacific Affairs EDWIN FOSTER BLAIR Board of Directors ATT Board of Directors Council on Foreign Chairman of the Board T.A.D. Jones Co, Board of Directors Equitable Life [nsurance Relations Board of Directors Union Paper Bag Co. Board of Directors Purity Stores Trustee RAND CORP, 1955-65 Board of Directors Canada Dry Corporation Board of Diractors Chemical Bank, N.Y. Trustee Ford Foundation Trustee Committee on Economic Development Who rules Yale? The Yale Corporation is the University’s governing board. It is a small, tightly-knit group of WASP big businessmen, politicians, and lawyers. This chart thows the Corporation members, some oF their positions, and some. of the interlocking connections among them Tr Schools should serve the people—students, workers, community residents. Yale does not serve the peo a, ple; it exploits and oppresses them in New Haven, in America, in the world. It teaches students anti-labor, < B anti-black, antiwoman ideas. It subjects workers to low wages, bad conditions, and speed-up. It destroys “ housing and stores for workers and poor people. it supports imperialism in many ways Yale's rulers cannot serve the people. They do not represent the people. The Corporation has never had a black, female, young or Catholic member, it has had or.» one Jewish member, Few members have ever had any real teaching experience. Few members have ever lived in the New Haven area. Most Amer- ro} cans have to work hard just to survive. Yale's rulers, though, live high on the hog with big stockholdings, x a xD The pont is not to replace individual members of the Corporation, The point is to get rid of the oO a = 4% > whole system of rule by the small, wealthy class that Yale really represents and serves. The class that c 5 = % 3 2 rules Yale also rules New Haven and America itself, The power of the rich few must be replaced by the - ‘ 24 power of the people. The people must organize against Yale Fa} id m The American Independent Movement Newsletter a eo be Sie Si ke: YALE DIXWELL AVE CONGRESS | HOWARD AVE AVE DWIGHT ST $140 HOSPITAL $130 $120 $150 THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, DECEMSER 5. 1970 PAGE 6 IT IS TIME FOR US TO RETURN TO OUR TRUE STAND WITH OUR BROTHERS AND SISTERS Sisters and brothers in Babyloa; For 400 years the Black colony in America has been the victim of racist kidnappings, genocide and slavery. We have sufferedin relative silence, but we will suffer no longer. The buying, selling, beatings, and bombings are yoing to Stop, now} Today we are still subjected to the same sulhuman treatment, only the methods have moved to overkill lever. Revolution is the only way to bust the pigs shackels. No loager will we remain the peaceful domes - ticated flunkies of Nixon's racist, fascist military machine. For too long we have attempted to werk through the oppressor’s system s. it is clear that there ts no justice In Babylon other than that of an armed people. We will use any means necessary co win back the dignity and freedom which is the birthright of every human veiling on earth. Therefore, I am filing for dis- charge from the United States Ma- tine Corps on polat 6 of the Plar- form aad Program of the Black Panther Party, My continued par- ticipation a8 4 meinber of the pig occupation forces would constitute an act of treason to my race and humanity. It is my intention that my action will serve as an exam- ple to the rest of my brothers and sisters who are stilj being held in military bondage. The enemy has been exposed. it is now time for us to return to our stand with our true brothers and sisters, Tv, BLACK THE PETITIONER, A MAN, & DEPRIVED OF HS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS UNDER ‘THE . FIRST, FIFTH, AND NINTH AMEND- MENTS BY BEING REQUIRED TO SERVE IN THE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS TO FURTHER THE RACGT AND EXPANSIONIST POLICIES OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENTIHII! Point Six of the Black Panther Party Platform and Program re- quires that all Black men be exempt from the military service. Point Six is cast in the following terms: "6, We want all Black men to tb exempt from military service. We believe that Black people should not be forced to fight in the mill- tary service to defend a racist government that does not protect us. We will not fight and kill other people of color in the world who, like Black people, are being vic- timized by the White racist govern- ment of America, We will protect ourselves from the force and vio- lence of the racist police and the cacist military, by whatever means necessary."" The Black Pantner Octover 17,1970 page 22. The United States Armed Forces has a two fold function inthe world today. In thler duty to preserve the status quo of the capitalistic government of America they are entrusted with the duty to prevent the American people, particularly Black people, from achieving free- dom, In addition, this colossus also has the duty to keep the peoples of Latin America, Africa, and Asia under subjugation while the Ameri- can ruling classes appropriate the natural and human resources of these areas. Cleaver, Soul on Ice (1968) p. 121-137: Bosch, Pentagon- sim (1967); Gerassi, The Great Fear in Latin America ((%5% Williams, The Tragedy of Aineri- can Diplomacy (190). The Black people have attempted to uchieve freedom in America for hundreds of years. Sur the ruling classes of this country by use of military force liave repeat- edly destroyed quests for freedom. The uprisings against slavery Ga- briel Prosser in 1800, Denmark Vesey in 1822, Nat Turner in 183] were violently suppressed by force. John Brown's raids to free Slaves were likewise suppressed, During World War Il there were , attempts by Blacks to overcome the bonds of slayery aud White rac- ism Harlem, New York 1943; De- croir 1943; Los Angeles 1943: and Belle Isle 1943, In the sixties the Black man’s quest for freedoin took on a new dimension, In 1963, the first of the quests began In Birmingham, Sa- vannan, Caindridge (Maryland), Chicago, and Philadelphia, In 1964 the quests were in Jacksonville, Cleveland, Harlem (new York) Bedford Stuyvesant (New York), Brooklyn (New York), Rochester, Jersey City, Elizabeth, Paterson, Chicago, and Philadelphia. In 1905, they were in Watts, (Los Angeles). In 1966, they were in San Francisco, Chicago andCleve- land, In 1957, they were in Hous- ton, Tampa, Cincinnati, Atlanta, Newirk, New Grunswick, Plain- field, Jersey City, Elizabeth, En- glewood, and Detroit. Report of the Nationaal Advisory Commisioa on Ctvial Disorders (1967), In every instance the state National Guard or the United States Armed For- ces have suppressed this questfor freedom by Black persons in America. The United States forces have also been used to suppress people in Asia who have attempted to be free from colonial rules; China 1945; Phillipines 1946; Korea, 1950 South Vietman, 1960-1970; Cambo- dia, 1970 Laos, 1967 -1970; Indones- ia, 1966; Lebanon 1953; Iran, 1954 The same has occurred in Latin , America; Mexico, 1854; Guate- mala, 1954;, Cuba 192; Dominican Republic, 1965. Likewise In Africa ‘there has also been troop deploy- ment: Tripoli, 1803; Congo, 1964 aad Morocco 1970, Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (19003, Thus, it is clear that the United States Armed forces are being used to suppress the quest for freedom over the entire world. The wiite dominured United Suites govern- meat in conjunction with the White economic groups are attempting to suppress, Black Yellow, Red and Brown people the world over. But none the less, a world re- volution is occurring against the oppression of the American governinent . Witness the revolu- tions in South Vietnam, Cambodia Laos, Korea, Palestine, Chile Uraguay, Bolivia, Mozambique, South Africa, and Angola, just to mention a few, The Black men in America wish to form 4 Black army and to Join with their Yellow, Brown, Black and Red brothers the world over to fight for freedom, Eldridge Cleaver in his famous statement to the G.I.s in South Vietnam said: “*...We're trying to put together a Black army So thar we can take our freedom from these pigs (U.S,) who are fully determined to keep it from us. **The Black Panther Black cominunity news service, September 26, 1970 p. 14. Huey P, Newton, the Minister of Defense of the Black Panther Party has offered an indeterminate num- ber of troops to the National Li- beration Front of South Vietnam to fight against the racist andimper- jalistic United Stares government, Huey states that: “A small ruling circle of 76 major companies exploits and op- presses Black people andeveryone in the world because of the over- developed nacure of capitalism. To end this oppression we must li- berate the developing nations and then our final act will be the strike against America." The Black Panther, Aug. 21, 1970 p, 13 Thus from the preceeding, it is clear that the United Stares Mili- tary is engaged in a world wide policy of oppression, racism and exploitation, The victims of this Policy dre Blacks, Brown, Yellow and Red skinned persons. AS 4 result of this policy, the Black man in America in general and the petitioner in particular, are being deprived of their right to achieve freedom and are forced to prevent others from achieving that freedom in violation of the First, Fifth, and Ninth Amend- ments to the Constitution, The Pe- titioner must be released fromthe military to enable him to fight against this colossus and to help others to achieve their freedom, Filed in behalf of Robert £ vans, It! in the U.S. District Court for the No, District of California Dated: November 5, 1970 PIGS BURN WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. NCCF OFFICE IN AN ATTEMPT TO SABOTAGE THE R.P.C.C. In a further attempt to prevent the Revolutionary Peoples Consti- tutional Convention from taking place, the fascist pigs moved a- gainst the NCCF and the people of Winston Salem, North Carolina, On November 27, approximately 60 members of the NCCF and the community left Winston Salem at noon oa their way to Washington, D.C They were traveling in 4 hired truck and threecars, Soon afterthey started on their Journey the rruck developed mechanical problems. At Henderson, North Carolina at 4 p.m, they were forc- ed to pull off the road and as they did this the front tire of the truck fell off. On investigation. knife marks were found on the Ure and the people of the community con- firmed that unknown persons were seen around the truck prior to the commencement of the journey. At S p.m, they telephoned Win- ston-Salem and were then infor- med that the NCCE headquarters had been burnt down. A member of the NCCF reported thar he was in the front office when he smelt smoke. He went to the back and saw a blaze which he tried to put out but was unsuccessful. Eyewitness re- ports state that something had beet thrown into the office, The Fire Department arrived and instead of trying to stop the ire, confiscated files and other supplies, They would havetaken everything if they had not been pre- vented by the people of the com- munity who had converged on the office. On receiving this information, the people who were stranded in Henderson left the truck and cont- CRI. a ¥? i~ Sunday December THE JUDGES: Coordinating Committee of Kuen + Mebropa of Columbia Universi Came testify for more information, call: City of New York of SLUM CONDITIONS—EVICTIONS—DEMOLITION OF SOUND HOMES— SOARING RENTS — CRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE-—— HOUSING + ae 6th from 1- 10pm. } Wollman Auditorium, Columbia Universi 115th Street and Broadway \itan Council on Housing =. Puerto Rican Independence (MP1) * Uni * Young Lo ‘Come ie Ra oe Noe in listen - Come judge METROPOLITAN COUNCIL ON HOUSING 2 West 3! Street, NYC 1000), wi 7-6027 from b30-S: acted E, Whitmore Inc, to have it repaired, The truck was toweda~ way but left onthe roadby E. Whit- more. Inc, who stated that itcould | not be repaired, The FBI, state and local pigs coaverged on the truck, — first informing the occupants that the NCCF in Winston Salem had been destroyed and then proceeded in their usual brutal manner to conduct a search for weapons, The people then contacted Hertz in Greensboro to see ff this com~- pany wo«ld repair the truck. Herm informed them that they had been — contacted by the FBI who told them they were not to repair the truck. The people themselves repaired — the truck and were able co leave at 4 a.m, on their way to the Revolu- tionary Peoples Constitutional Convention. ‘ It is obvious that this was a plan— ned attempe by the fascist pigs to prevent the people of Winston Salem from participacing inthe Revolutionary Peoples Constitu- tional Convention. We call upon the oppressed peoples of our Communities under siege here in Babylon to liber- ate our community in Washington D.C. in order thatthe Revolution- ary Peoples Conastitutioaal Con- vention might take place. We call for mo>ilization for survival un- dil we are able to join the other peoples of the world who have U- berated thelr communities andgo forward to implement inter-com- muaalism. POWER TO THE PEOPLE BLACK PANTHER PARTY November 28, 1970 d the TRIAL ADMESSION FREE | Movement » Puerto Rican il (Monday I: ANGELA Noy, 10, 1970 Women's House of Detention New York City The bourgeols press seized upon my recent capture by the federal pigs 4s an occasion to Inject more confusion into the minds of the Amerikan public. Focusing the bulk of its articles on my person- ality and background, the press has clearly attempted to camouflage the political issues involved in my case, Regardless of what degrees 1 might have, regardless of my ex- ternal appearance and psychologi- cal make-up, the reality of my present situation is this; The re- actionary pig forces of this country have chosen to persecute me be- cause I am 4 black communistre- volutionary participating together with millions of oppressed people throughout the world In a revolu- tionary movement designed to overthrow all the conditions that stand in the way of our freedom While newspapers and mag- azines wasted pages upoa pages at- tempting to resurrect my past, they should instead have made the public cognizant of the hundreds u- pon hundreds of American revolu- tionarles who have been confronted with a fate no different than mine. Government agencies incessantly employ the most devious and bar- barous means to rid the country of all those who arechallenging racism, exposing capitalist ex- Plottation, and working, organiz- ing, fighting for freedom. Scores of members of the Black Panther Party have been mutilated and murdered, Hundreds from among their ranks have been shoved into the nation’s prisons, and still others have been forced into exile. And the Soledad Brothers continue to battle with therepresentatives of a repressive prison apparatus programmed to offer death by gas to anyone who dares speak out a- gainst racism and propagate the i- dea of freedom among the captives. Ronald Reagan and tlie State of alifornia, having first demanded my job because I am a member of the Communist Party, are now de- SPEAKS manding my life. Why? Not be- cause | am the dangerous criminal they portray, not becatse | am guilty of the framed-up charges for which there is no evidence whatso- ever, but rather because, in their warped vision, arevolutionary is a priori a criminal, To have volun- tarily turned myself over to Reagan and his accomplices when the warrant was issued wouldhave been equivalent to voluntarily placing my head on the execut- foner’s block. The death of Jonathan Jackson at San Rafael was not only a deep and crushing blowto me, his family and friends, but a profound loss to the world-wide revolutionary move- mem, No black man or woman should fall to understand the un- bearable pressures which led Jon- athan to his death, struck down {n the midst of battle, His courage and self-sacrifice leave us with a legacy which no force can eradi- cate, My flight was unsuccessful, I have been captured, To ime, this means that] must strenghten my a- bility to fight this morstrous system, One more is being held captive, but most important, the revolution coatinues to gain in vigor and force. Our enemies find themselves confroated with a growing awareness among the people that the concentrated effort to maim and murder revolution- aries is just another form of the daily genocide of police brutality and impoverished living conditions in the ghettos and barrios. The masses of people will fulfill thelr obligation to protect and defend all the men and women who have devoted their lives to the Struggle for justice, equality and freedom. Let there be no doubta- bout it--victory will soon be ours, Long live the momory of Jona- than Jackson | Free Ericka, York Panthers, Brothers, soners, Bobby, the New the Soledad and all political pri- All power to the people, Angela Y_ Devis One of the main goals of this fascist, racist, and capiralistic power structure Is to annihilate, by any means necessary, Black people in particular, and all oppressed people. The laws, the court system the racist pigs, all work hand-in hand to insure that our people have no power to determine our own destiny. Seven brothers who are present- ly Incarcerated at Soledad Stare Prison, have been flagrantly de- nied their basic constitutional rights in the prison pigs‘ attemptto thwart the upsurge of revolutionary activity within the prison walls. On July 23rd, @ racist prison guard was stabbed 40 times by some in- mates of Soledad, About a week after this incident occurred, about IS brothers, all from the Los An- geles and Compton area, wereheld in the hole on ‘‘lost privileges" for approximately two moaths, During this period they were de- nied basic necessities such as warm food, clothing, baths, visit- ing rights, etc. Finally, after ob- Servation and intimidation, the pig prison officials charged Black in- mates with the murder of the pri- Son guard, In order to ensure that these brothers have a *‘fast and speedy"’ trial, and get convicted and quiet- ly sentenced to the electric chair, the racist judge Gordoa Campbell (the same Judge who sat on the Soledad 3 hearing) committed se- veral ‘‘unlawful’’ acts against them. When the brothers ap- peared in court for arraignment in a Salinas County courthouse, rac- ist Campbell dismissed the counsel of their cholce, Putrick Hallinan, on the yrounds that one attorney couldn’t handle all of the cases, He also commented that he didn’t know what Hallinan's ‘moral ethics’’ were, He then appointed 6 Public defenders to the case, and they (the public defenders) toldthe THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1970 PAGE 7 SOLEDAD PRISON CHARGES 7 BROTHERS WITH MURDER IN DEATH OF FASCIST GUARD Judge thar they didn’t want tohandle the case because they were not the counsel of the brothers’ choice, Campbell told them, in no uncer- tain terms, that they would be handling the case. Then when he ordered the brothers to enter their pleas, they refused to do so, og the advice of the public de- fenders. Campbell therefore en- tered their pleas for them. At their last court appearance, several carloads of people came to the Salinas County courthouse to witness the ‘‘sham of justice’’ in action, The people became so ob- viously uptight after witnessing the brothers being brought into the courtroom in shackles and chains and their constitutional rights being constantly violated, thar the pigs in the courtroom ordered them to leave. Judge Campbell scheduled the date of trial for December 7, which is less than 4 months since the broth- THE SOLEDAD 7 ers were formerly charged with murder. Such overt, fascist acts as these clearly indicate that Black people especially have no rights under this decadent constitution, guaranteed or otherwise. ‘The struggle has reached the level whereintherac- ist Judges and pigs don’t even try to camouflage the fact that we don't have any rights as a people.We MUST move as a people to take our destiny into our own hands, We must move as a people In order to insure our national salvation, We must destroy these old laws, pri- sons, courtroom, and allremnants of this decrepit society, andcreate a new society which will function for the benefit of all oppressed people. FREE THE SOLEDAD SEVEN! DEATH TO THE FASCIST PIGSi Southern Calif. Chapter Black Panther Party FRANK MENEWEATHER IS ONE OF THOUSANDS OF BROTHERS WHO HAS BEEN TRIED BY RACISTS MASQUERADING AS JUDGE AND JURY Frank Meneweather Political Prisoner Soledad Prison Frank Meneweather is one of the thousands of brothers across the country who have beengivenatrial by 4 racist masquerading as a ‘judge’ and a jury of middle-aged middle-class whites who haveno knowledge, let alone an under- standing of the average reasoning Black man, Seven years agohe was sentto prison for hitting aman with his fist, He is not a boxer so, his hands are not ‘lethal weapons’, Or- dinarily a man would receive a 90 day Sentence or a fine at the most for this offense. Frank was quickly railroaded to one of California's POW camps to Serve 4 sentence of 6 months toten years--indeterminare, He's still there because he has recognized the racism andthe genocidal (mur- derous) nature of these prisons and has refused to compromise his manhood, Early this year, Frank saw racist guard, O,G, Miller , murder three brothers on the "yard’ of Sol- edad and he narrowly escaped death himself. (Frank was shot in the hand and another bullet grazed his side.) As a witness he pres- ents 4 threat to the Hes that prison administrators want to put out re- garding this incident, This Incident Jed tothe murder of a guard which led to the Soledad brothers cases As a further indication of the in- humanity of Soledad, Frank's mother Mrs, Leola Meneweather, was not Informed of his condition, She was worried abouther son and borrowed thenecessary funds for the trip to Soledad three times. Each time her visit was denied and she was never Informed ofhis in- juries. Mrs, Meneweather Lives in Richmond, she is notinthe best of health and itis aproblemro make the long trip. Naturally, Frank is on the Sol- edad Administration's list of People to be eliminated, In addi- tion to having witnessed the murder ofthe three inmates in January, Frank has also challenged the yen- ocidal practice and inhuman treat- ment of the Soledad prison ina law sult which he prepared. One of their (the pig's)most re- cent attempts to kill Frank back- fired and also showed that political awareness and racial solidarity has increased greatly in the prisons. Guards at Soledad offered two wiite inmates parole if they'd kill Frank, The brothers realiz- ing thelr common enemy refused, The pigs were shown thar thelr old racial divide-and-conquer tech- nique would no longer be effective. They even moved the two whitein- mates next door to Frank's cell The two white brothers were hip enough to expose the pigs to the people to insure thelr own safety as well as Frank's. The brothers and sisters inmin- imum (outside) must join with and maintain communicatioas with our brothers and sisters in the maxi- mum security prisons. Bevause together, we can bring this insan- ity, this madness to an end. Rec- ognizing this need, the Black Pan- ther Party has instituted free bus- Sing program to the prisons so. that the friends and families of these brothers may see them more often, The Richmond Branch plans to Institute the program early nexc year. Anyone (inthe Bay area)in- terested in sucha program cancall 233-0533, or, stop by, thie office ar 425 Chesley / Sereet, Richmond California, Doaations will beap- preciated. ; All Power to the People. Free all Political Prisoners Black Panther Party Richmond, California THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1970 PAGE 8 _ Statement By The Black Panther Party On The Feeble Attempt Of The Pigs Of The Power Structure To Crush The Revolutionary People’s Constitutional Convention The function of Howard University as an edu- cational institution from the beginning was such that it had no other alternative but to be a tool of this racist and fascist American Government, — Why isn't Howard University responsive to the needs of Black people? This is a question that has been asked countless times. The answer to that question is rooted in the fact that Howard Uni- versity was born out of the rapist slavemaster’s desire to implant in the minds of their Mulatto children the ‘ideological poison’ which is com- monly peddled off as ‘education’. But eyen more important than the afore-mentioned reason, Howard University was designed to and in fact does serve as a factory, wherein ‘Black human bei..gs’ are processed and transformed into per- verted robots who would willingly and with pride, dedicate their entire lives towards working to help the capitalist racist slavemasters to perpetuate their domination. Historically this has been done to Black people in ‘Amerikka’ by attempting to convince Black people that the always ‘sacred and inalienable rights of freedom, j.stice, and equality could only be attained by following the guidelines laid down by the slavesmaster. Moreover the slavemaster sought to use their Howard Universtiy products as models of emula- tion for other Blacks Howard University’s refusal to house the Re- yolutionary Peoples Constitutional Convention is consistent with their lack of positive involvement in the Black DA They have sat high up in their ‘Ivory tower’ and community of Washington looked down upon oppressed and exploited Black people with arrogance and contempt. Because Howard University has denied the people the right to peacefully assemble, does not mean that it should be viewed as a center of power. One can that the denial came about with the sanction and duress of this fascist and racist gov- Universtiy has demonstrated Richard Nixon and the rest of the ruling class clique. The initial stages of negotiations between Ho- officials and the Black Panther be sure ernment. Howard its total servitude and obedience to ward University Party for the use of their facilities to have the Revolutionary Peoples Constitutional Convention began with meetings to determine what acco- modations would be needed to house these acti- vities. That the officials of Howard University never intended to allow the people the use of the campus for the Revolutionary Peoples Constitu- tional Convention can be seen in the fact that at no time did President Cheek talk with repre- sentatives of the Black Panther Party. Instead all matters were discussed with Dr. Anderson, Vice President of Student Affairs and J.B. Clark, Trea- surer, A fee of $10,824.06 was demanded by the University officials for use of three campus build- ings for a three day period. We were told at that time that only a portion of that sum would have to be paid in advance. However, three days later, Howard University officials demanded that the entire amount — be paid in advance. On Wednesday November 25, 1970 a cashiers for $1,000.00 and a notarized letter ex- plaining that the balance due would be forth- Dr. Cheek’s office by check coming was delivered to special messenger. An official response was never given directly to any representative of the Black Panther Party, but rather by informing members of the ‘mass media’ The fascist ruling class clique of the ‘Amer- ikkkan empire’ is fully aware of the threat that the Revolutionary Peoples Constitutional Con- vention poses to their criminal rule. In view of that, they have,acting through their “negro” flunky administrators at Howard University, denied the people the use of that facility as the Convention site. Contrary to the plans of the fascist ruling class clique and their ‘running dogs’ the Revolutionary Peoples Constitutional Convention will not be stopped. We call for a general mobilization of the masses for survival. We will hold our Revolutionary Peoples Constitutional Convention on liberated territory in Washington, D.C. We call upon the people of the community to liberate Howard University and to make that institution serve the needs of the community. We call upon all op- pressed people and all progressive forces here in ‘Amerikkka’ to criticize and make their criticism heard by radio, television, and newspapers. We call upon the communities of the world to unite with us as one and assist us in liberating Washing- ton, D.C. The demands and desires of the people will be heard. The mobilization will last as long as is neces- sary for us to have our Revolutionary Peoples Constitutional Convention in a ‘liberated com- munity.” Following the example laid down by the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, the De- mocratic Republic of Vietnam and the Peoples Republic of Algeria who have all liberated their communities. ; Mobilization for survival wus set the stage tor ‘Intercommunalism,” ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE FASCISTS LAUNCH SECOND ATTACK ON NEW ORLEANS, N.C.C.F. Wednesday and Thursday, Novem- 26th marked the se- cond fascist attack upon the people of the New Orleans National Com- mittee to Combat Fascism, first attack occured September 15th when the New Orleaus yes- tapo under the direction of u clilef, Clarence Gearusso opened fire on the N.C.C.F, Cotmmwaley Center with aod captured der 25th & The aulo-matic weapons fourteen N,C,C F, members and community people After this firstatrack, the N.C.C_F, moved into an apartment in the Desire Housing Project at request of the people. Thursday, November 1&h, more than 200 pigs with an armored rank and automatic weapoas sur- rounded the N.C.C F, house in the projects to allegedly serve wir- rants for criminal trespassing When the pigs arrived Lite In the moriting, the people had alread; been awaiting them for two hours, . The people atood for severalhours between the N.C.C_F, and the pigs Lare that evening, alter getting a court injunction to ‘save fice” the pigs retreaced, tater (Wed . Nov, 25th twenty -five N.C.C_F, and the One wrex comnu- nity members were arrested in route to the Revolutionary Peo- ple’s Ca etirutional Convention tr Washington, D.< \ll of these people were charged with criminal wespassing and Inciting The next morning (Thanksgiving Li at approximately 2:00am the NLC.C.F, house in the Desire Pro- ro ev’ Seen eeererrrert © AAD DAD Aad Da a An unsucessful attempt by the fascist gesiapo iz s ae members of the eae ete e+ e , Fi. p” 1) tray o Nisa ( -NC OCR \LL POWER TO THE PEOPLE Ni N Orleans N.C.C.E : DEATH "TO THE. FaAScsS III LENIN ELLEN EE LAIN IIE LY ANI NS I LIAN AR RAAIII ISLEY COTA HAE EES jects was attacked by the New Orleans police. In order to In- filrrate the project without being noticed by the people, six Black pigs dressed as ministers and mailmen came in mailtrucks. They kicked down the door of the house and opened fire. A total of six people were arrested in the raid and charged with attempted mur= der, criminal trespassing andcri- minal anarchy. One of the Six, Betty Powell, was serjously wounded in the chesrc when the pigs opened fire and she is now held under $75,000 bail. Harold Holmes, a Panther, that was arrested with the 25 people on Wednesday night is also being held under $75,000 for criminal anarchy, The criminal trespassing charge for the other 24 people wes dropped and thelr ransom was reduced to $500 each. The 11,000 Black occupants of the Desire Housing Project have besn victimtzed by plg chief Clarence Glarrusso's fascist re- gime These 11,000 people tnvited the N.OC KF, into the projects nd they defended it ayainst baa- Ireds of plgss The pigs ‘duped the people with/ flask -lickeys asd irrested the N.C C F, members. The pigs made a coral of 3) are rests but at the sume time chey made 11,000 enemies wito will not hesitate ro either Kill or die for their freedom, 3; Of New Orleans <. kas eee REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION RESOLUTIONS AND DECLARATIONS ~. “REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S | CONSTITUTIONAL: GON VENTION RESOLUTIONS AND DECLARATIONS waar ‘ede Ce ee I Se hl | lB + a” «, “ aon eee a ro | 7. | — "Ss ? | | This convention of crvuliitionay genples trary national ann to ex ploit the Wealth and thing else: oppress people, We will move against the evil and jngtitutions so that they reflect the integrity of between the destruction of the oppression and — ilies. cnphiadt the world is labor of other territories. We further notice that Our new understandings fead us to the recog. corrupt gentry by any means necessary and suf- the community. the erection of a new world based on = ai . convened in ‘recognition of the fact thar the this exploitation of the wealth of otter wations nition that we muse ally ourselves with the oi ficient 10 fake away the power which he has Therefore we declare that all communities of makes us human, we call for all peop Changing scial conditions throughout the world | way combinied with control of their political pressed communities of the world. Therely wielded too selfishly far sootong. the world have the freedom to determine their communities throughou! the world to be repre~ require hew-arly iv and apenas ties ja weder that structure and their cultural institutions. This way cannot make our stand as nationalists) We eannol We whovare gathered here by our presence do own destinies, We declare that all coramunities, seated in decision making aud participation in OOF comscivusiiess might be raised to the pout done through the use of the high levels of tech- even make our stand as internationalists. we must resol tberate our communities from the boot. by theie very existence, have the pawer to specify 25 abe aie erligraaeat \ nology devel uped by bureaucratic capitalism, This place pur future hopes upon the Philosophy oF and whip of the oppressor so that the people Of what institutions — will be st eae eee sfion | under consideration... Whether on an inter- FN technology. made it possible for the strong arm of —infercommunalism, a philosophy whieh holds that good will may live their lives free from want, free what mage through communal | ravcppliicr di. _thecapitalist ta reach into every comerof theworld the rise of iunperialism in American transformed — from pecae free from need. We recognize that them . a oy force commouly called the Mess nations into oppressed comminities. In the Chinese: sc eine real baie which sep me 1 its desires This technology _ “revolution bab we must make comtmou couse ng re pi esitilibor hax. id be For the capitalist to contrat ih a pppresse declare ‘that all REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION RESOLUTIONS AND DECLARATIONS tae HO CD Phare &@ common interest in 17-year old campus on Grove Our community college is uled to close In S2 days. We come before the Peralta ior College Board of Trustees in in attempts to demonstrate ih 1965 a $47 million bond issue waS passed by the district, sup- ported largely because of the stip- lon that four colleges would constructed, including one in the North Oakland-Berkeley-Al- bany area (1), (Herkeley provided ‘by far the most enthusiastic re- _ Sponse to the levy.) (2) Five years later we are faced with the realiza- tion that since priority was given to the planning and construction of the Alameda, Laney and Hill campus, and since building costs overran, there is no flatlands campus. Of course the Board of Trustees has promised us a continued commit- ment to its future possibility. Today we find that the East Oakland Hill campus, which is to replace Merritt, was built for 3,000 full-time and 2,000 part- time students ©). This was stated by Supt. Dunn at the Board meet- ing February 11, 199 andreported in the Oakland Tribune the follow- ing day. The two architectural firms who designed the structure corroborate on these figures (4). Now Mr. Harvey of Merritt's at- tendance office has informed us that we presently acoommodate 6,600 full-time and 3,400 part- time students, This means rough- ly 5,000 students will be unable to to the Hill campus in the first place. they won't be able to Laney or Alameda either. Mr. Thayer Johnson, the coordi-" nator of admissions and records at Laney College, is extremely worried in view of the fact that Laney is already overcrowded with a total of 11,000 and the additional Space to be afforded by the new buildings is not nearly sufficient to absorb any number of ex-Mer- ritt students, Alameda College was built for a 2,500 total and already exceeds that by 500. We understand that the Peralra Board made extensive plans for the Hill campus, Laney and Alameda before any initiative was eventaken on replacing Merritt in its own community ©). We understand that projections of inflationary building costs were grossly inaccurate, plus inexcusable error in the gap between design and enrollment estimates, (Not to mentionestima- ted completion dates.) We under- stand that Supt. Dunn felt that we Students deserved much more than the 7,2 acres afforded by the Mar- chant Plant in 1964 (7). It ts un- fortunate that the Berkeley City Council was not pressured to act upon the land use question of the waterfront site until three years after the Marchant Plant was dis- counted as a site (8). It is too bad that while Alameda’s soll de- velopment chewed Into our portion of the budget to the tune of $120, 000, the waterfront site was deemed inconvenient because of soil development costs (9). There is a conspicuous lack of exact number figures in the Board's of- ficial publication, the PeraltaCol- lege Bulletin, concerning the pro- blems* of the 4th campus site. Too bad that since so much of our tax money was spent on the other three sites, that the price for the Berkeley waterfront was too high (10), And that Utigation against the Santa Fe Land Improvement Co, and George Murphy was de- layed one year and then the suit was dropped (11), Where is our $7,300,000 allorment of the $47 million we raised? (12) We are not so foolish that we can ignore the poliical realities of the situation, In 1965 no more than 10% of Merritt students were Black, Today the overwhelming majority are of the Third World. (13) The Merritt College Com- munity is @ Black, disadvantaged region that prides itself on pro- viding its children and working adults with easy access to a wide number of programs, Show Map. ‘The great majority of Merritt stu- dents live right here in the com- munity (14), It ts uteerly ridicu- lous to believe that Merritt on the Hil) was Intended to serve this community, Supt. Dunn told the Board way back in M of '65 ON REGGIE oe AND THE B.ULL.F. The Black Panther Party would like to maxe It clear to the people of Philadelphia and the rest of the country that Reggie Schell is no longer a member of the Black Panther Party. Reggie, who was the Defense Captian of the Phila- delphia branch of the Party, vo- luntarily deyorced himself from the Party when he was removed from his position as adisciplin- ary measure. Since that time Reggie Schell and other ex-mem- bers of the Party have formed a group which Is called the Glack United Liberation Front, Two other. ‘ex-members who may be familiar to the community are also tn- volved. They are, James Westcook and ‘Tick’? whose full name is Norman Lowery. They have re- - occupied an old dilapidated building at 1928 Columbia Ave, ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE which formerly housed the Phila- delphia branch of the Black Pan- ther Party, Reggie Schell and his group have been soliciting funds in the name of the Party from people who may nor know that they are no longer members of the Black Panthee Party, The Party has re- Throughout the history of the Black Panther Party there have always been people who have pre- tended to be Paathers. Some of the people who feign membership in the Party, are pigs whose mis- sion is to destroy the Party's ideology and practice to many unaware people and to provoke incidents In the community that would cause actual Party members to be killed, jailed or harassed. Others who alledge membership are just plain fools, They obviously doo’t understand the gravity of being 4 member of the Black Panther Party. Only. a foot would go around fascist Babylon claiming to be 4 a Puncher, _ evidently un unaware , pao ms oes before the bond issue, that the 125-acre property of the Hill site is well situated to serve the East Oakland and Hill areas (15), That Sort of leaves us out doesn't it? We are not blind to the fact that the rich White Inhabitants of the Skyline hills will not take kindly to the invasion of any number of Third World people -- why do they live up there in the first place? We don't have to be reminded of the prospect of police harassment every Single day, In fact, this has already happened to Merritt stu- dents going up to look at **their’’ new campus. The cost and espe- cially the time of transportation will surely eliminate all those stu- dents who must depend on part- time employment to exist while going to and from the Hill. The not-so-accidental result of all of these factors is the exclusion of Third World students either from subtle intesferences or out-and- out restrictions. We can see that the Peralta Dis- trict Board of Trustees has had a vital stake in keeping those it is responsible to as uninformed as possible in regard to their own Schools, thelr own tax money, It has enjoyed a distinct advantage over the students who come and go every two years, while it can retain continuity of purpose. We can see that the Board can make empty promises devoid of inten- sive action every year, knowing that it will appease the community for one more year, Numerous con- cessions are obviously intended to keep this community at bay: 15 classrooms at the Bushrod Annex (16), Besides, who is going to get a full program at Bushrod?; In- tact cransport of the Afro Studies Dept. to the HI campus: Brand new office space-for the Black Student Union and the Associated Students of Merritt College (17). At this point the Merritt Col- lege Community {s extremely sus- Picious of anything the Peralra Jun- for College Dist. Board of Trus- tees might have to say or promise. We dre being deprived of acollege in our community much more by design than by accident. We want, we need, and we de- serve a full campus in the flat- lands designed to meet our needs, celved complaints from people in the Philadelphia community that Reggie and his group have borrowed materials andequipment which have never been returned, This is to inform the community that neither funds nor equipment given to Reggie Schell for any Black Panther Party programs has been received by the Party. Reggie Schell and his clique have proven themselves to be enemies of the people and political pimps who capitalize on their good faith. We, the Black Panther Party, request that the people of the Philadelphia community contact our office wuen they are asked for donations in our name. Our telephone number in Philadelphia is: EV7-2867. ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! Central Headquarters Black Panther Party of the consequences (imprisonment or death) for being 4 Panther. Larry Mosaning a pig ora fool (2?) claims membership In the Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party, Claiming to be the Panther Chief of Staff, Maaning has appeared in Michigan andother Mid-West states anddistorted and confused the Party principles. Larry Méaaning may just be an oppartunistic fool but he is doing the work of a pig, Larry Manaing is not and never his been a mem- ber of the Blick Panther Pucrty. He has proven himself to be an enemy of the people aad should be dealt with 45 such, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE DISA ee THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1970 PAGE 9 and until a new structure Is bullr, Merritt College on Grove is our campus, Here are the possibilities: 1, The Grove St, lease agree- ment with the Oakland Public Schools for the 8.9 acres doesn't expire until March 31, of 1971 (18). 2. The Oakland Public Schools do not have an immediate need for use of the land and would be willing to sell the land to Peralta or possibly extend the lease agree- ment. This would entall immediate negotiation (19), #. The earthquake standards which a portion of our buildings do not meet do not have to be met until 1975, Besides, Merritt hasn't met the standards since the Fields Act of 1934 was passed and nobody hollered then. It should be pointed out that 25 of 90 Oakland schools violate earthquake re-. quirements too. (20) We know wellthe reply the Board undoubtedly will make concerning the extended full use of Merritt on Grove. Money. Well Lsten-- you had the money in 1965 and still didn’t do anything. And if you think the taxpayers are going to put up more money in another bond issue to gamble on your promises you are sadly mistaken, You were and are responsible to us to manage-- not mismanage this district. Ifyou can come up with the operating funds for Laney, Alameda and the Hill campus, which incidentally is a less efficient use of funds than is being used at Merritt now, you ean certainly find ways to operate Merritt on Grove, 4 campus that will serve larger numbers of peo- ple. If you are concerned that we may have to attend class in ugly old buildings, then build us a ser- viceable new campus in our com- munity now! Sources 1. a) Peralta Junior College Dis- trict Taxpayers Information Sheet Bond Election October 19, 1965 b) Statement of Result of Can- vass of All Votes Cast attheSchool District Bond Election in the Peralta Junior College District of Alameda County, California, Held October 19, 1965S. MERRITT PLANTATION OR PEOPLE'S UNIVERSITY ? c) Peralta Colleges Bulletin 7-16-65, 10-22-55 2. Statement of Result of Convass of All Votes Cast October 19, 1965 3, Peralta Colleges Bulletin 4-10- 70. 4. a) Architectural Firms -- Wurster, bernardi and Emmons; Reynolds and Chamberlain b) Taxpayer's Information Sheet Bond Election October 19, 1986S. 5. a) Oakland Tribune 10-9-65 b) Peralta Colleges Bulletins 6-11-65 through 1-7-66, 6. a) Peralta Colleges Bulletin 12-10-65, 2-28-56 b) Oakland Tribune 9-13-67 7. Peralta Colleges Bulletin 1964 8, Peralta Colleges Bulletin 2-10- 67 9, Peralta Colleges Bulletin 1-19- 68, 2-26-68 10, Peralta 2-26-68 11. Peralta Colleges Bulletin5-9- 69 Colleges Bulletin 12. Peralta Colleges Bulletin 1-7- 66 13. a) Wall Street Journal 11-18- 69 b) Extrapolation from Peralta District Ethnic Survey--Merritt, Spring 1969 14. Merritt College 1969-70 Ar- tendance by Postal Zone of Resi- dence 15, Peralta Colleges Bulletin 5-7- 16, Peralta Colleges Bulletin’! 5-22-70 17, Wall Street Journal 11-18-69 18. Peralta Colleges Bulletin 4-24-70 19. a) Deputy Supt. Oakland Schools, Mr. Blackburn 10-7-70 b) Oakland Schools Land Agent, Wm. Dawson 10-6-70 20. Oakland Schools Business Dept., Or. Spencer Benbow 10-7- 70, 10-9-70 Statement Delivered to Peralta District Board of Trustees Oct. 20, 1970 People's Committee for Defense of Mérritt PENNSYLVANIA DEPT. OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTIONS EMPLOYS NEW TACTIC ON LIBERATION SCHOOL “We want education for our peo- ple that exposes the true nature of this decadent American society. We want education that teaches v8 our true history and our role in the present-day society,"' Mr. Eugene Shoemaker, Chief- Div, of private academic schools, from the Department of Public Instructions tas notified the Black Panther Party {9 Philadelphia chat their Liberation School Is under Survelllance for reasons known only to him. He states in his letter that only certified schools can operate in the commonwealth, This is the beginning of a new attuck on the Glack Panther Party. The state says chat without their legal sanction the Panthers cannot teach children in the lack colony the history of this country as it relates to Slack people in particular and poor people in gen- eral. They caanot show Black vhildren that the society fn which they live Is a racist society that has po love for them except an <annon fodder and a cheap Libor base for the top dog capitalists, Of course, Mr, Shoemaxer realizes that if the Panchers aren't allowed to Show these contradictions to Black children thet: America can continue with its usual business of racism, big profits for the Peo E ANERS sery for, athe » Black F miserable, exploitation in Vietnam and 4 long train of world wide abuses, if the educational system ia Babylon taught all these things ,there would be no need for a Lib- eration School, There would be no need to warn Black children of the dangers they face growing up in a racist society if racism did not exist. So the people andthe Panthers say we need this school, our children need this school, Our conditions define whether or not our liberation school is legal, When white racists throughout Bubylon can set up private schools to teach their children to main- tain the oppressive conditions throughout the world, then it Js our duty to teach our youth the correct method of undermining and destroying these coaditions in order to at a truly peaceful world, We expect racists like Mr. Shoemaker fo come ‘out againsy our (Liberation Schools and by so dotng be only reminds us that we inust continue to i our youth, YOUTH MAKE Fuk RENOLATTION Philadelphia Chapter vi wt —— ae THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1970 PAGE 10 Ethiopia ts often portrayed as « country with a glorious tradition of arich andenduring civilization, Excem for the brief Italian oc- cupation, it Is known as a nation which has maintained its indepen- dence for over three thousand years, There is much we are proud of in this heritage, But beneath the picturesque medievalisrn of kings and queens Hes the over- whelming reality of the misery of our people who have borne the bur- den of this pageantry. The Edilo - plan masses who made heroic Sacrifices to Safeguard the na- tlon’s Independence have become subject to a most oppressive In- ternal domination, It is this dis- mal story of the hardships suffered by the vast majority of Ethiopians thar needs to be cold, Politically, Ethiopia remains a despotism, Power Is exclusively held by the feudal nobility, pre- sently headed by Halle Selassie. No political parties are allowed, The only similarity the parliamnet bears to a democratic institution is its name. Members of the up- per house are personally appoint- od by the emperor who is free to overrule any decisions of the low- er house. The emperor's decisions and legislation on all matters are binding and are not subject to review by the parliament, The parliamentary bodies, also called “deliberative chambers’ in the constitution, cannot legislate without the emperor's consent, Even their power to initiate legis- lation are- limited. (U.S, Army Handbook for Ethiopia, 1964), The prime minister and cabinet mem- bers are imperial appointees. Dis- cussing the uncontested power of the emperor, the government's of- ficial guide to Ethiopiaproclalms; «in practice, despite the struc- ture of democratic government, most policy questions of any im- portance are referred to the ein- peror. But the constitution which provided for the establishment of parlia- ment is not without a point, The purpose of the constitution is to consolidate the emperor's power over all other feudal institutions, such as the nobility and the Ethi- oplan Orthodox Church, The US, Army Hnadbook states: Both as regent aad as emperor, Haile Selassie has cried to in- crease the power of the throne by designing a broader, more con- stitutional framework within which traditional concepts of government might be adapted and the nobility and the Chureh brought more closely under the throve’s leader- ship. In light of this objective, it is not surprising that more than 4 quarter of the articles of the 1955 Revised Constitution are devoted to the institution of the emperor which, according to the Con- stitution, is divinely ordained and indisputable. The autocratic regime bears full responsibility for the devas- tated economic and social life of the nation. Ethiopia ts an under- REPRESSION IN ETHIOPIA PREPARED BY THE ETHIOPIAN developed country standing lowest among the poorest countries, The per capita incomeis estimated to be between $35 and $50, a rate unparalled by most African States, When allowences have been made in this figure for the in- comes of the feudal nobility, the peasant’s Income Is barely at the subsistence level. Periodic fam- ines are rampant throughout the countryside. annually at least one major province suffers severe starvation, The primitive stare of the economy can be seen in the fact that 90% of Ethiopla’s population is engaged in agricul- ture which contributes approxi- mately 62%, of the gross domestic product. Modern industry, includ- ing electricity and construction, constitutes only SE of the toral ourput. Modern manufacturing in- dustries make up only 2% of the total economy, The contribution of mining is so small as to be negligible. Ethiopia is a perfect example of a one-commodity ex- port economy. Coffee accounts for between 1/2 and 2/3.of nations total value of exports. The country been suffering from « rapidly growing trade defi- cit which has reached portions In 1969 that it threatens collapse of the national economy. The situation in health is alarm- ing. The infant mortality rate is among the highest in the world, the tas Such pro- Between S07, and 60F of the new- born children die in the first two and a half years after birth. (U.S, Army Handbook) Approximately half of the nation’s adult population suffers from Syphillis. In some urban centers syphillis has reached epidemic proportions. Leprosy is endemic throughout Ethiopia, In the pro- vince of Gojjam alone there are 4n estimated 110,000 to 125,000 lepers (Army Handbook), Of the 250,000,000 Ethiopians, approxi- mately 10 million live in malaria infested areas, Death from ina- aria alone is estimated at 20,000 people yearly. ‘In 1958, for ex- ample, 400,000 persons are be- lieved to nave died in a malaria epidemic in Tigre.” (Army Hand- book). Typhus is rampant; amoebic and bacillary dysenteries are widespread, Small pox has long been endemic and few steps have been taken toward its prevention, To meet the requirements of the needlessly fast dying population, there is but one hospital bed for every 3500 people, and the ma- jority of these are concentrated in Addis Ababa, catering to the ruling class. Less than 300 doctors provide services for the country's 25 million people. The first five- year plan allocated 2.3% of the total budger to public health. The government's concern for the peo- ple’s health can be seen in its military expenditure which, in comrast to lieakh expenses, amounted to 30-35% of the total undec the same plan. Three decades have passed Since. Haile Selassie announced that ‘‘a free public education is the right of every child,"’ A UNESCO study shows that be- STUDENTS ASSOCIATION NORTH AMERICA JUNE 1%9 ween Wand 99% of the Ethiopian population is illiterate; a —_— ence again unequaled by any coun- try. Of the estimated 6,095,000 achool age chikiren, only 186,200 or ¥S are in school. Of potential students over 15 years of age, 0.37, attend school. The very few who manage to attend school inthe cities occupy classrooms with an average of SS other students; in the countryside, the class size is between 79 and 94. Such misery abounds ina country whose economic potential is con- sidered great. Of Ethiopia's 450, 000 square miles, much is plateau land which possesses one of the most fertile agricultural soils and grazing lands in the world, The country's broad range of climates and altitudes allows for the culti- vation of a wide variety of agri- cultural products. According to the Ethiopian Planning Boardonly 15% of potentially arable land (nor including vast areas which could be utilized through irrigation)is at present cultivated, Even under these conditions, Ethiopia is one of the major producers of millet in Africa. It is the second largest wheat producing area in Africa south of the Sahara, and the most important burley producing area in the cominent. Its coffee pro- duction exceeds that of most coffee growing nations. An American economist has estimmed that, if properly cultivated, Exhiopla can produce enough food for the whole of Western Europe. According to a ULN, study, Ethiopia is second only to the Congo in hydro-elec- tric potential among African cous- tries. Although minerals and olf resources have not yet been fully explored, it is known that Ethiopia has large potash and iroa ore reserves, Part of the reason for this disparity berween the potearial and actual is given in the official Guide to Ethiopia; There have as yet been no basic changes in the structure of Ethi- oplan society, The Emperoz isthe hereditary ruler. Theo there are the great land-owasing familes whose heads bear titles of nobility and who serve as ministers, officers of state, governors of pro- leaders and miliary Church offictals. Below theImperial vinces, family and the pobles are the Am- ara and Galla landedgenctry who have been the major beneficiaries of educational opportunities a- broad and make up much of the government personnel, When the emperor in a speech in November 1961 declared, ‘k is our aim thatevery Ethiopian own land,’ the imperial! family and the feudal nobility owned 659, of all the land and the Seate Church held between 20-30% of the most arable land, Article 2991 of the Civil Code pro- vides that rent in kind levied on a tenant sliall in no case exceed 75%, of his crop yield. However, at the same time, the article provides that the land Jord may evict any tenant who is unable to surrender 75% of his produce—-in effect ser- Ung the rent at exactly 75%. In ad- dition, this law allows that anew landlord may expel tenants of the former landlord when the landis transferred, Onthe other hand, the code holds that a peasant is allowed to terminate his services if he is too ill to work, providing that he gives four years notice, or if he dies. The latter condition needs no further comment, In connection with the first provison, however, it is significant to note that onthe ay- erage it takes three years before land can becleared for cultivatioa; thus the landlord js guaranteed productive land before the tenant [s released from bis obligatioa, Aside from the payments in kind, the tenant is required to render various unspecified services to the landlord. Itis estimated thar the peasant’s obligations in this regard Amount to one outof three working days. Since the 1960Civil Code, 4 Ministry of Land Reform and Administration has beenesta- bUshed to further streamline the feudal property relations. In a 19 66 study prepared by this Ministry, for example, it was found that inthe Province of Sidamo most peasants made cash payments although the law scates that tenants are exp- ected to pay their rent in kind, In acklition, 60% of the province's ten- ants were requiredto provide cash for government taxes normally paid by the landlord, Underthe new administrative provisions, the peasant is increasingly burdened with the demands of an unstable economy. In the course of Its aggra- vated oppression, the feudal re- gime has increasingly made com- mon cause with American imper- jalism, Part of the United States econotnic hold on Ethiopia can be seen In a New York Times, Jan- uary 17, 1967 report. Ralph Pearson Co. operates a $45 million mining project in the Din- akil Desert, Dozens of American businessmen have already dis- covered Ethiopia, from a book- store to a $100 million potash mining project, from 4 splee firm to two of the world’s largest ofl compailes. More than 200 Ameri- can companies also have agencies in Ethiopia, Among the reasons, one of Africa’s most liberal in- vestment policies, generous duty- free and tax exemption provisions, special laws protecting U.S, firms against expropriations and vast potential in agriculture industry and mining. . The United States has one of it’s largest Pesce Corps missions in Ethlopla, Ethlopla hosts the largest U.S, military “assistance” to Africa, The im- portance of the American base in Ethiopia is underlined by the New York Times (5 May 1965): The Kagnew Starios,... is ina relatively interference free area, aad has many advantages as the African and Middle East link in the world wide system of U.S, communications. It is one of the most important stations of its kind In the world, Haile Selassie, the ‘*patron of African Unity’', has not only leased Ethiopia to America, but has turned it into a base for the neo- colontalisation of the entire Afri- can coatinent. A report in Africa (6S No. 18) states: "There Is evidence that the pre- sent Ethiopian government is an imperialist agent...The OAU has asked all member states to re- move all military bases... Thefact that there Is an American base in Ethiopia threatens the Indepen- dence of Ethiopians. The Ameri- can MAGG military advisors, the mapping and geographical insti- tute, and the Peace Corps’ presence-all these strengthen the hold on imperialism in Ethiopia. The number of Americans active in the various agencies of neo- coloulalism in Ethlopla is over 10,000. In addition, the number of thelr dependents is between 25,000 and 30,000, Apart from stations in the country side, the large resi- dential urban areas are now American colonies. The continen- fal significance of US. imperla- liom in Ethlopla can be seen tn « report in the Iiinols State Regis-) ter (12 Jaquary 1998) \) One of the most importaat show ; downs between East and Wost is — in the mal An Ethopia.., Upon / its outcome may depend whether / / the U.S. loses Africa, The Os, must stand behind those whe have supported it in the past in this continued on next page ¢ the agreement on maintain- ‘1 g the military base is the Ameri- in support of the man they had during the occupatioa. A leader of the resistance and the revolt against the feudal regime, _-‘Ballay = Zelleke,, was publicly _ hanged. The revolt in Tigre pro- vince was crushed by the feudal army. Immediately after the ce- bellion in Gojjam, the Weyanne re- volt broke out and lasted for over a year. It was finally suppressed with bombardments by RAF planes from Aden, In 1945, there was a major peasantrevolt refusing pay- ment of excessive taxes, Yer another rebellion in Ogaden was crushed by British forces in 1943. A peasant uprising in Wollo in 1958 was met with ‘‘the eradi- cation of a whole chain of vil- lages from the map of Ethiopia” 1960, peasants in Southern Ethlo- pla protested the dispossession of their land by the emperor's daugh- ter and some of her children (Africa Today, May 1961.) This Protest lead to the massacre of ~~ thurs than @ thousand peasants. ln December 1960, an attemptedcoup by the Imperial Bodyguard was put down by the army with the aid of planes flown by American pi- lots. Al the leaders were sub- sequently hung. Since the 1960 Insurrection, the struggle for liberation from the oppressive feudal regime has reached a new stage. Students workers and peasants are carry- ing @ nation wide resistance and have begun to consolidate their Collettive CR Milano The first collective and spontaneous upr- isings against the Italian prison system took place in April 1969. Then, like a spark, the revolt ; spread to the San Vitrore prisofof ‘Milan; to the Marassi prison (Genoa) and to the Nuove (Turin) bursting forth into arduous taxe- overs of the prison buildings. Ir took several Jays anda wide spread : of policeforces andgendarmens in State of war to silence the revolts of prisoners, who demanded im- mediate reform ofthe penal code and more humane Living conditions. This year, on August Ist, inthe prison of Regina Coell, jo Coronas hung himself; he ‘been placed in isolation for ikemmess, A week prior tothat, July 22, in Milan, three youths id in the*fourth dostrict of San re died by fire. Twe of them “not yet twenty, Althoug?s it wt declared openly, the youths a@ gesture of desperate pro- against the Incredibly slow forces, The last eight years have been a period of extensive armed peasant struggles, initiatedin Eri- trea and Balle, Workers have coa- tinually staged strikes in protest of exploitative labour conditions, During the last year this nation- al progressive struggle has been intensified. The heightened fight follows upon important develop- ments in the political and social conditions of the country. The sys- tematic difficulties of the nation have made a more conspicuous appearance, It is difficult to be precise about the dimensions of the current economic and fiscal problems because of the charac- teristic Incompetence and ob- scurantism of the huge bureaucra- cy. Since 1963, the price of foodhas gone up by 35.6% and the price of clothing has increased by 26.8% In the same period, wages have risen less than SZ while in some areas they have decreased by 12%, This year the government has is- sued a directive prohibiting the employment of new personne! in government agencies for the next two years. Of those al- ready in government service, em- ployees In a number of provinces have not drawn salaries for over three months, In a hopeless at- tempt at survival, a series of new taxes have been imposed by the government, On imported food, for example, customs duties have in- creased by 50%. Yet more taxes were demanded of the peasantry. The regime's restrictions onedu- cation are indicative of its des- peration. Of the 12,000 students who will be sitting for college en- trance examinations this year, the government decided thar there were places ayallable for less than 2,000, A new annual school fee of Eth, $10 per child has been made compulsory, In addition, a fee af U.S, $10 is required for school entrance examinations.The effect of these fees on education in a country with a per capita in- come of $35 to $50 is self-evident. This state of intensified oppres- Sion and exploitationhas given rise to 4 national uprising of workers, peasants, students and other pro- gressive eleménts, Workers have Staged numerous attacks in var- fous provinces demanding wage in- crements and the rights of labor orgauization, Among those en- gaged in the struggle are trans- portation workers, printing em- ployees, and workers in the sugar factory, In some of these indus- tries, leaders of the labor move- ment have been arbitrarily dis- missed or physically eliminated. The workers have responded by going out on strike until the men are reinstated and reparatioas have been made, In protest of the new taxes levied on land, peasant uprisings have spread to other regions in addi- tion to those already underway in Balle, Borrena and Eritrea, The province of Gojjam= has taken up arms against the regime. Similar uprisings are underway in Arussi and Harar. Ia retaliation, the government has mobilized its mi- litary and police forces against the peasant population of Ethiopia. Eritrea, Gojjam and other areas of peasant struggle have been un- der constant attack by army di- visions which had been moved there, Air bombardment of these regions has been constant and se- vere, In many areas whole vil- lages have been wiped out, and their inhabitants brutally mur- dered, The Ethiopian Student Movement plays an important role in these Struggles, Students are waging the struggle under the banner of land to the Tiller and Anti-Im- perialism, The goal has become the building of a new Ethiopia based on a complete social trans- formation of the society. Real- firming its resolute opposition to feudalism and imperialism, the Studeat Movement has drafted spe- cific demands. The demands tn- clade: the withdrawal of recent- ly instituted school and exami- nation fees; a just and equitable distribution of scholarships grant- ed by any foreign nation; cessa- tion of the use of American Peace Corps teachers, whose function is to serve as agents of cultural im- perialism in Ethiopia; immediate termination of the vast expendi- cures on extravagant enter- tainment of foreign guests and si- milar visits abroad by Ethioplan officials; the removal from office of those officials directly respon- ~~ wer ‘THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, DECEMSER 35,1970 PAGE N REPRESSION IN ETHIOPIA continued from last page sible for the state of the educa- tion system. The students also de- mand that various officials re- sponsible for the killing of stu- dents during peaceful demonstra- dons be brought for public trials. University, secondary, and ele- mentary school students through- our the nation staged demonstra- tioas to voicethese demands, They have been joined by parents, teac- hers and other youths in their actioa. The government retaliated by closing all schools andcolleges for over a month, Later, when the institutions were ordered open, students refused to attend clas- ses and continued to demonstrate until their demands are met.Since the autocracy made no gesture In this direction, almost all of the nation’s schools andcollegesre- mained closed for the restofthe school year. The Ethiopian Student Movement overseas has con- demned the regime and supports the demands of the compatriots at home, Demonstratioas of soll- darity were held at Ethiopian Embassies in various capitals in- cluding Belgrade, Stockhomm, London, Moscow , Paris and Wash- ington, D.C, Throughout this continuing struggle, the government has em- ployed the full force of its repres- sive machinery. Many students have been killed and hundreds seriously wounded during the de- monstrations. Thus far, more than two thousand students and youth have been imprisioned in labor camps outside the capital, Many others are in various provincial and district prisons, Hundreds of students have been expelled from schools and colleges and await court trial, The first group, con- Sisting of four students and a teacher, have been sentenced to five years imprisonment andhard labor for alleged acts of defama- tion and endangering of national security. Students and other persons held in connection with this year's struggle have been subjected to extremely brutal treatment in pri- son. Some have been fatally beat- en; others have been tied to cars and dragged over pebble roads. Prisoners have been kept in ice or stagnant water for days onend, THE PRISONERS HAVE ACQUIRED A CONSCIOUSNESS OF THEIR STRUGGLE IN ITALY prisoners remain behind bars); they died in protest, too. against the beastly conditions of prison life in Italy --insufficient food, ab- sence of toflets, censure of mail, books, magazines etc,; against the antiquated and Inhuman prison rule code; against thenever cealized *plans for reforms’. The hydranis, notaccessible for the fire in the cell where the three prisoners burned themselves a~ live, were miraculously accessible right afterwards to quench the re- volt: and the repression was more brutal than ever. A comrade wrote to us from prison *When police forces re-estaplished order, pur- sult began and then the prisoners of the fourth section were made to pass in single file between two lines of police who then beat them with belts, clubs, chains, kicks and fists. We could hear the screams; to give you some idea wnat they were like, you havetogotoa slau- yhter house where they cur the pigs’ throats. And it went o4 until one o'clock in the morning’, The bo- urgeols news have the audacity to report by radio; ‘fatigue and signs of struggle could besect on the faces and on the uniforms of the of- ficers." No mention was made of the injuries sustained by the pri- soners. Each time a riot occures inpri- son, the prisoners that Incited or lead It are chained aad transferred to smaller o> more far away pri- sons, where, theoretically, these ‘hot heads* can do no harm, Butin fact, this system is boomerang-ing tight back in the face of bourgevis ‘Justice’, because the rebels, either by instinct or by political choice, carry the seeds of reyo- lution even into those more ‘‘tran- quil” prisons. Ia fact you can no longer count the Individual and collective protests and rebellions in the North and South; they are far too aumervus, Less than a month ago in the Regina Coeli prison in Rome, hun- dreds of prisoners went on hunger strike demanding abolition of pre- yentive imprisonment; cessation of indiscriminate arrests and sei- zures; the respecting of defense rights, the end of assumed pri- soners’ guilt, Thelr example was followed iminciliately by the pri- soners of the Civitavecchia prison. Protest for reforms of the penal code and the prison code of laws, and the struggle for humane treat- ment, should not let one loose sight of the fundamental class contradictions in the context of which these first large scale re- volts took place. In Italy, according to official statistics, 86 percent of prisoners are made up of elementary school education; and 83 percent are un- employed, undecemployed or de- pendent laborers, The rich, it seems, do aot go to prison. In Italy, moreover, 130 people are put in jail in order to find the guilty party. Preventive prison has a clearly class and discri- nilnatory character and is applied today primarily for political crimes. The issuing of the arrest warrem is the responsibility of the magistrate, wio makes rather broad use of it. There are com- rades who, arrestedindemonstra- tions for crimes they did not com- mit have remained in prison for The use of electric shock as tor- ture has become widespread. In March (1969) the regime decreed a Detention Act setting a three- month imprisonment for any sus- pect with a provision that the per- fod can be extended at the dis~ cretion of the security arm of the security arm of the government. Armed with this fascist law, the reactionary regime has proceeded to subject thousands to the bru- tal practices it has perfected in an effort to forestall its downfall. In the face of such persecution the present uprising continues, At the time of writing many are still in prison awaiting trial, New ar- rests among students , workers, and other progressive elements are being made everyday. Allcol- leges and schools remain closed as the Ethiopian Student Movement is resolved to contine Its strug- gle until all its demands are met. The people and students of Ethlopla are all toofamiliar with the oppression and inhumanity of the feudal and neo colonialist re- gime in Ethiopia, But the diabo- Ue nature of the government and the true condition of the masses * of Ethiopia remain unknown to world public opinion, That such a regime through its control of the press and censorship should at- tempt to hide its despicable prac- tices does not come as a surprise. It is allthe more imperative there- fore that all well meaning andpro-. gressive people everywhere make their voices heard in condemna- tion of its inhuman acts, The present popular uprising is but a stage inthe protracted strug- gle of the people of Ethiopia which will free Ethiopia from feudalism and imperialism, and allow the masses to build a nation whose history will be thelr own, We call upon all porgressive people to join our cause by actively contributing to the unmasking of the feudal and neo-colonialist regime. Above all, we urge you to acquaint all progressive forces everywhere with the cause of the oppressed masses of Ethiopia. : For further information contact: 110 Morningside Drive #55 New York, New York 10027 two years and have not as yet been tried; the use of preventive imprisonment as a ‘lesson’ here is clear, The vast majority of these will be declared innocent or given - sentences of lesser duration than the time they have already spent in prison awaiting their trials. And these are only a few as- pects, a few !luminating facts on the profoundly class nature of the prison system, instrumental inthe hands of the capitalists for opp- ressing the lower classes. The prisoners have acquired a consciousness of their struggle, Now the struggle can result only in the entire reversal of the whole social system, That revolt, which for so long was a voice of anger, perceptible only, inside prison walls, has gow deen heard without, has joined the workers in the fac- tories of Fiat, Pirelli and M(chelin and is becoming the volce of the people. And the bourgeoisie cannot silence either with repre- ssion (beatings, transfers of revolt leaders) or with their stop-gap “reforms’’, this new and greater voice, THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, FROM FOLSOM : PRISON Faithful Comrades of my lfe: Man is truly himself, truly whole and human, when his thoughts, his activities, are willed by himself, when he is not ma- nipalated by blind reactionary forces. With this In mind, I greet you, Brave warriors of the Third World Liberation Front, in the li- \berated voice of the new convict: “All powec to the convicts anddowa with the fascist California Penal System|"’ All Is golng well here inthe dun- geon of Babylon, Everyone is hold- ing his mud and growing stronger and more alert as the days creep slowly by. We have at last joined hands in racial solidarity to fight shoulder to shoulder against the barberious persecution and violent repression the reactionary {California Department of Correc- tions. A few months ago people ‘were complacent and = =apa- thetic, Well, we made believers out of the skeptics. An oppressed man stands up and fights back when op- pression no longer seems to be an endurable phenomenon, Most of us here at Folsom have come full cir- cle to the realization thatthe exist- ing penal system is on its way out and that a new indeed humanistic, penal system is arising andcominz Into Deing. by Contrary to Warden Craven's vicious lies and insults, we op- pressed prisoners wish to make It clear that our ‘‘sit-down strike’ was not organized by ‘‘outsick forces. "* Warden Craven's blind accusations are torally unfounded and we deny them most strongly After hundreds of years of brural prison conditions, we oppressed prisoners are still thought to feed the flames of our discontent. Ac- cording to Warden Craven, we op- REVOLUTIONARY GREETING CARDS We all fight pow ome meme te he are DESEMBER 5, 1970 PAGE 12 pressed pr overs are too naive and scupid to aotice that we are belng oppressed. We sed the inelp of “only outsiders" to remindus of the many oppressive conditions that malign and dominate our lives. Nothing could be further from the cruth, It is clear as crystal chat Warden Craven is desper stely try-, ing to undermine the intelligence and integrity of the public in a yic- ious attempt to wilp up some more right-wing sentiment, Our sit-down strike was created by oppressive, inhumane condi- tions and the flagrant denialof our basic human rights. An oppressed man rebels against negative condi- tions, conditions that demean him 45 a human being, Folsom Prison is a “loathsome concrete purga- tory and 4 nightmarish spawning grounds for frustration and hatred."* Folsom is dirty andover- crowded, The food is deplorable There are no wholesome programs for recreatios, The educational and vocational trade programs are out- moded. The medical facilities are criminal, Our labor is being ex- Plolted by unscrupulous merchants woo pay us Slave wages, We forced to serve unusually loag per- jods of Incarceration, The mail- ing and visiting privileges are un- fair. Men are throws in the hole for no other reason than their poli- tical beliefs, We are murdered and flawando:- lal from the lowest White racist ac- ire shot in the mare ler, Most of the prison offic and guards come element of the titude. The prison tematically breeda violent atmos- phere of race hatred in a vicious attempt to creace divisions between the Black, Brown and White pri- soners, Our lives are in the hiaads of a fascist parole board that is to- ir time officials sys- tally unsympathetic to fowe eweweees rere te eeouet prope oe ek Pee oe 1 ee ee ie ae oe cot = wert & <a 7 Son we oy eee Saery @ ey pee toe. * Lbbbbhhnhhhehek hehe Een Cl Name Addres State “ip tor 1 | —— spent vegetating and degeneraring Yet we ave too blind and ignorant to recognize these over oppressive conditions, The pig is mad! California's prisons ure rot correcting or rehabilitating. Reba- bilitacion is a sham frombeginning to ead, How do you rehabilitate a mao wio has never peen "habili- tated?’" The emphasis ofthe Calif- ornia Penal system Is not onreba- billtation but rather on *‘dehumani- Most prisoners leave Folsom tore frustrated and anti- social than when they entered, Why do you think recidivism is oa the increase? Most of the prisoners here at Folsom are three and four time losers. It Is clear Uat some- thing is essentially wrong, It is clear that the penal system as it now exists must be changed, vation,” Yes, we We are sick and tired of being treated like dogs, and we are de- manding an immediate end tothe injustices that dominate our lives, Hell no! We are not going back to work not until our demands are met and carried out. The truth and the power are on our side. Without our labor, the Department of Correc- tions has nothing. So we Say to you faithful comrades, have faith in us because we are golng to hold our mud and walk all over these insane Pigs who would dare olnk In our faces. We stand with you in soli- darity YOURS IN THE NEW ORDER) Run Run (Political Prisoner) Revolution in Our Litetime"’ CHECK BELOW; Amount cl OS Oy ae c3 aa Ga SEs Chia eS Se cé rr Ss City Se Country —— See leard lo¢ 12 cards $1.00 PUASE MA CHtCe OF MONET O#DEE TO MINESTEY OF (MI OEMATION BLATE PANTHER PARTY 7 Costom Nouve See lrancesce. CA 4108 Bobs Be Fohersnonoenesoue are holding our mod, * BLACK PANTHER PARTY COMMUNITY INFORMATION CENTER The Black Panther Party has opened 4233 S. Indiana as a Slack Community Information Cen- ter for the people of the community. The purp- ose of this center is to open our doors to the peo- ple and present such programs as: FREE 3REAKFAST FOR CHILDREN FREE HEALTH CLINICS FREE CLOTHING PROGRAM FREE PRISON BUSING PROGRAM COMMUNITY POLITICAL EDUCATION CLASSES COWIWIUNITY NIEETINGS ( to deal with the problems confronting us in our community ). The center is open from 10:00a.m. till 8:00p.m. daily to help YOU and your family with any problems that you may have. OPEN HOUSE Date: SUNDAY DEC.6 Time: 2 until 5p.m. Place: 4230 &. INDIANA COMMUNITY MEETING §:00p.m. YOU ARE INVITED TO COME TO THIS COMMUNITY CENTER (THE OLD FRIENDSHIP HOUSE) FOR OPEN HOUSE. THERE WILL BE FILMS, TAPES, AND VAR- IOUS SPEAKERS, REFRESHMENTS WILL ALSO BE SERVED. SO COME OUT SUNDAY AND SHOW INT- EREST IN WHATS HAPPENING IN OUR COMMUNITY AND BRING THE CHILDREN. POPS SOoooe Soon we plan to open a FREE BREAKFAST FOR CHILDREN PROGRAM and a DAY CARE CEN- TER here. We will be sérving free breakfast every school day morning from 7 to 9a.m.. We also plan to provide for a DAY CARE CENTER for pre-school children. ‘Ve understand the need for child care and the need for a nourishing breakfast for children and therefore ask your support in coming to the center and assisting in promoting these programs for our people. We need people to cook and serve breakfast, help the children cross the streets safely and donate food and money to help the program survive. When shopping ask the store owner to donate food to the program, such as BREAD, EGGS, MILK, BACON, Etc. We ask the people of the community, mothers, fathers and young adults to come by at least one morning out of the week and help serve the children of our community. We must rely on each other to fight such oppres- sive conditions as hunger, we must unify behind the idea of helping our youth survive, and hun- ger is a killer of all, for further information: call: 738-0778 / 3 or comé to: 4233 S. Indiana Enter my subscription for (check box): 3 MONTHS, (13 ISSUES) 6 MONTHS, (26 ISSURS) . . ONE YEAR, (52 ISSUFS) (please print) NAME ADDRESS ciry STATE/ZIP @ COUNTRY MINISTRY OF INFORMATION, BLACK PANTEER paary, Box 2957. Custom Noure, San Francisce. CAS4126 | hahahah LF ET ff ff CS fff) OT | Sf | TS fff LT Sf ff ES ff ff OT LS 111 October 1966 Black Panther Party Platform and Program HUEY P. NEWTON, MINISTER OF DEFENSE, BLACK PANTHER PARTY What We Want What We Believe 1. We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community We believe that black peop!e will not be free until we are able to deter mine our destiny 2. We want full employment for our people We believe that the federal government i responsible and obligated to give every man employment or a puarantes d income We believe that i the white American businessmen will net pave fall employment. then the means of production sould be tuken from the businessmen and placed in the comimiunity se that the peaple of the community can organize and em ploy all of its people ond pave a high stundard of living THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1970 PAGE 13 3. We want an end to the robbery by the CAPITALIST of our Black Community We believe that this racist government has robbed us and now we are demanding the overdue debt of: forty acres and two mules. Forty acres and two mules was promised 100 years ago as restitution for slave labor and mass murder of black people. We will accept the payment in currency which will be distributed to our many communities. The Germans are now aiding the Jews in Israel for the genocide of the Jewish people. The Ger- mans murdered six million Jews. The American racist Nas taken part in the slaughter of over fifty million black people, therefore, we feel that this is a modest demand that we make 4. We want decent housing, fit for shelter of human beings We believe that if the white landlords will not give decent housing to our black community, then the housing and the land should be made into cooperatives so that our community, with government aid, can build and make decent housing for its people 5. We want education for our people that exposes the true nature of this decadent American society. We want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present-day society- We believe in an educational system that will give to our people a knowl- edge of self. If a man does not have knowledge of himself and his position in society and the world, then he has little chance to relate to anything else “6. We want all black men to be exempt from military service. We believe that Black people. should not be forced to fight in the mifi- tary service to defend a racist government that does not protect us. We will not fight and kill other people of color in the world who, like black people, are being victimized by the white racist government of America. We will protect ourselves from the force and violence of the racist police and the racist military, by whatever means necessary 7. We want an immediate end to POLICE BRUTALITY and MURDER of black people. We believe we can end police brutality in our black community by or- ganizing black self-defense groups that are dedicated to defending our black community from racist police oppression and brutality. The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States gives a right to bear arms. We thetefore believe that all black people should arm themselves for self-defense 8. We want freedom for all black men held in federal, state, county and city prisons and jails. We believe that all black people should be released from the many jails and prisons because tl *y have not received a fair and impartial trial 9. We want all black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their black communities, as defined by the Constitution of the United States. We believe that the courts should follow the United States Constitution 30 that black people will receive fair trials. The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution gives a man a right to be tried by his peer group. A peer is a person from a similar economic, social, religious, geographical, en- vironmental, historical and racial background. To do this the court will be forced to select a jury from the black community from which the black defendant came. We have been, and are being tried by all-white juries that have no understanding of the ‘average reasoning man" of the black community 10. We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace. And as our major political objective, a United Nations-supervised plebis- cite to be held throughout the black colony in which only black colonial subjects will be allowed to participate, for the purpose of determining the will of black people as to their national destiny. P When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and naturg’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life. liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That; to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Pru- dence. indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transtent causes: and. accordingly. all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed But. when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pur- suing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under ab- solute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such govern- ment, and to provide new guards for their future security, ¥ ‘ ‘ | N | ‘ ‘ | ‘ ‘ ‘ | ‘ ‘ ‘ | ‘ ‘ s | ‘ ‘ ‘ | ‘ ‘ ‘ | ‘ ‘ ‘ | NI ‘ ‘ | N | ‘ ‘ ‘ | N ‘ | N ‘ | ‘ \ | , | ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ EE | EE EE 11 ff EY Ff | 2 ce 27s me 1 1 cmmmmmart 111 mar oo A - * — THE BLACK PANTHE R, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1970 PAGE 14 APPEARING FOR THE PEOPLE FOR THE MOBILIZATION FOR SURVIVAL PROGRAM 9 AND 12 PM: TUESDAY, DEC. 8, 1970 3801 S$. WESTERN AVE. LOS ANGELES No ve ‘a $3.00 YO THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY INTRODUCES TO THE L.A, AREA THE LUMPEN BLACK PANTHER PARTY THE FREEDOM MESSENGERS Revolutionary Musicians _ FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CALL: sant (213)636-1763 OR 635-2586 THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1970 PAGE 15 TILL pe, 1) ale nj ye ~, a} a Tie... CASH MONEYORDER CHECK PLUS POSTAGE “You can jail a revolu- onary but you can't jail the revolution, You can run a freedom fighter around the country, but you can’t run freedom fighting around the country. You can murder a lib- erator but you can’t murder liberation,’ -- Fred Hampton, Deputy . ' = Chairman, Il Chapter ALBUM--Dig by Eldridge : 2 of the ALBUM -- Seize the Time by Elaine Brown, Black Panther Party. Cleaver, Minister of Infor- mation of the Black Panther Party. 3.50 each Huey P. Newton, Minister of Defense, Black Panther Party Black Panther Party -- Born: August 30, 1948. Murdered by fascist pigs: Decem- Tee BACITE BO CDR Em cowl! SIPREREe eUEmE TH Hem Bye Cheer tae eee ee ee ee ee ee ve oom THOTENE OF Since femme Heke fant +0 ten tore ber 4, 1969, wt Chairman Bobby Seale, and Minister of Defense Huey P, Newton 1.00 each “After three hundred years of Slavery and caste oppression, unmitigated terror and torture, Physical and otherwise--which continues today though opposed by every means possible of hu- Man conception--while all the time remaining faithful to this government in time of war and peace, we feel the United Na- tions must give a hearing to the plight’ of Black Amer- icans,’’--Brother Malcolm (left to right) Eldridge Cleaver, Huey Chairman Bobby Seale P Newton, Malcolm X, Bobby 25 Seale aes 1,00-each | feet me PIGS “lf we worry about what's going to happen to us, we couldn’t accomplish any- thing...Justice {is gonna come when the masses of people rise up and see jus- tice done...The more they try to come down on us, the more we'll expose them for what they are..,PIGS,"’ Huey P. Newton, Minister of Defense, Black Panther Party 1.00 each Chairman Bobby Seale, Black Panther Party 1,00 Eldridge Cleaver, Minister of Information, Black Panther Party 1.00 each each @ach ‘'Wherever death may sur- prise us, it will be wel- come, provided that this, our battle cry, reach some receptive ear, that another hand stretch out to take up weapons and that other men come forward to intoneour funeral dirge with the stac- cato of machine guns and new cries of battle and vic- tory."'--Che Guevara Poster of Eldridge Cleaver Minister of Information Black Panther Party 1.00 each } | “In revolution Revolutionary one wins or one dies," Mother and Child 10 each 10 each Afro - American solidarity with the ‘*Each one teach one’ Black Studies = 10 each RIM IE SNE GENIUS OF Only on the bones ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE THE | 10 each ; n : 2 | j J ae wecles of Education and Revo-;e¢ us embody The Democratic Ssiaiates geriphten! Eldtiics Cleaver More thoroughly People's Repub- fense, BP P Min. of Information “¢® "evolutionary Lc of Korea isthe Introduction by: BLACK PANTHER SPirit of indepen- banner of free- Eldridge Cleaver PARTY dence, self-sus- dom and indepen- .50 each .25 tenance and self- dence for our : defence in all people and the fields of state powerful weapon activity. of building soc- falism and com- * munism, (Report at the Anniver- Celebration of the founding of the D,P.R.K.-- September 7 1968) .25 each One of our main purposes is to unite our brothers and sisters in the North with our brothers and sis- ters in the South of the oppressors can the people's freedom be found- ed -- Only the blood ofthe op pressors can fer- tilize the soll for the people's self- rule -10 “On the Ide ology of the Black Panther Party by Eldridge Cleaver, Part! 25 each each iree ALL “political prisoners TO - a 4g. .25 each + rTM rts peer 1 US Ghsorne Pg ~ ~ ¢ sary ALL BUTTONS 25 CENTS EACH MINMANUA tT PRIN GUERRELA B.P.P. MIN OF INFORMATION BOX 2967. CUSTOM HOUSE S.F. CA. 94126 Capitalism Plus Dope Equals Gen- ocide By Michael *‘Cer- ewayo" Tabor (Political Pri- , Soner, NY 21) Minimanual of the Black Panther Urban Guerrilla by Party, USA Carlos Marighella 50 vit Mute la “25 each