Vol. 6, No. 9

HE BLACK PANTHER: -INTERCOMMUNAL NEWS SERVICE 25cents VOL. V1 NO.9 Copyright © 1971 by Huey P. Newton SATRUDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PUBLISHED went THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY ‘sixeissiant san FRANCISCO, CA 94126 ae “THE VOREDNG an WELL AS OURS, BUT IN THE } )) LAST ANALYSIS¢- IT 1S" "YOURS. YOU YOUNG PEOPLE, FULL 6 Ps D VITALITY, ARE IN THE BLOOM OF LIFE, & eee OR NINE. IN THE MORNING. § a ON, YOLT. THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE 2 LIFE IN CONCENTRATION CAMPS — BOSTON One of the more contemptible features of the 1954 McCarren Act (the Internal Security Act) is a sub-section which calls for the establishment and mainten- ance of Concentration Camps in America, for the purposes of the detention and future annihi- lation of its inhabitants, In recent years, parts of this overall Act have been separated from the rest, and made into laws themselves--"'No Knock”’ and ‘‘Preventive Detention’’ in particular--in an attempt to les- sen the public outcry of enforc- ing this genocidal Act in full. What has been overlooked is the fact that these Concentration Camps, called for in the name of ‘‘internal security’’ and ‘‘law and order'’, are not skeletons in the closet nor a future pos- sibility, but a present reality. These Concentration Camps ex- ist throughout Babylon under the name of Public Housing. What has happened, and the reasons why it has happened, ex- pose in the raw, the disastrceus effects of over-developed cap-" italism in combination with ram- pant racism in a country gone mad with its own delusions of power and glory. And like all things which we, as a revolut- ionary people, must confront in order to change, we must begin at the root, at the profit-seeking origins of Public Housing, and proceed from our analysis to act to end our oppression and con- struct new, People’s Housing, decent housing which fits the needs of all people, Historically, the Public Hous- ing Law of 1937, marks the beginning. Coming at the end of the Great Depression of the ‘30's (one of the inevitable crises which capitalism creates,) the primary objective of this law was not to build low-income housing for those displaced by the Depression, but to create jobs, and feed the war machine appearing on the horizon, In Boston, the first govern- ment housing project, Mary El- len McCormick Projects, was first occupied in May, 1938, It was built in South Boston, a poor White working-class area, And aside from creating jobs, the housing cooled off the mili- tancy of people living in abject poverty, and without housing for almost 10 years. More import- antly, the projects also served as a labor pool for the Gilette factory located in South Boston, which for years has manipulated the people as if they (the people) were expendable razor blades, to be used and then abruptly dis- carded, In fact (and it is no accident), most of the early pub- lic housing projects in Boston, (Mission-Hill 1941; Lenox St. Project 1940: Heath St. Project 1942: Orchard Park 1942) were constructed and maintained as housing for the poor-White work- ing class. In the early days, the businesses and factories could easily locate whole communities to serve as a labor market for their sweat shops, The women working 8-12 hour days, while the men went off to fight and die for America’s “‘honor’’, Amajor change came, however, when the war ended, A massive exodus of Black people, fleeing the terror and brutality of racist oppres- sion in the South, moved into Boston; and haying no money and no jobs, they settled down in the South Enc of Roxbury andbe- gan moving into the projects, Since the level of racism in Bos- ton has always been close to fanatic, the White people began to leaye the projects in droves, This, and other world-wide in- cidents, resulted in a boom in the construction of new public housing, The pigs did not want to miss out on this new social phenomena, which not only heightened the attitude of racism, put also kept in its grasp vast pockets of workers to be fedinto the system. For Black people, Cathedral Project was con- structed in 1951, along with Mis- sion-Hill Extension in 1952, Whit- tier Street Project in 1953, and Bromley-Heath Project, 1953, Spurred on by their own inner fears, and manipulated by those in control, the poor Whites left Roxbury and went to live in Charlestown Projects, East Bos- ton Projects or the newly con- structed ‘'D’’ Street Projects, remarkably close to the expand- ed Gilette factory in South Bos- ton. Today, it can be easily main- tained that the BHA (Boston Housing Authority) is the most vicious greed-filled slumlord in Boston. The BHA, with a yearly budget of $18 million dollars, controls 38 separate dispersed developments, housing anywhere from 50-75,000 tenants, approx- imately 10% of the total popu- lation of Boston. The average family income of people living within its confines is $3,667, a figure which is considerably less if one just looks at the Black community alone, And if we check out the facts, this average family income in $400.00 less thaneven the fascist government's level of poverty--$4,000, We can begin to realize that the BHA is the apex of a conscious effort on thee apex of a conscious effort on the part of federal, state and city pigs to control, maintain anden- force not only institutionalized poverty, but also to rob people’s spirits of self-respect, and take away their will to fight. When we isolate our view of public housing in Boston to the Black community, what we find can only be declared as an in- tensified effort toward genocide. Of the 15,040 units of public hous- ing the BHA controls, 6,934, or 46.6%, are within the Black com- munities of the South End, Rox~ bury and Mattapan. While Black people make up 15% of the total population in Boston, 20-30% live in the projects, somewhere be- tween 25-35,000 people. Two of the projects are are almost iso- lated from the rest of the Black community. Bromely-Heath pro- jects is more or less surround- ed by hostile whites, who have been known to terrorize the children going tonearby schools, And Columbia Point projects, the largest public housing develop- ment in the city, is situated on a peninsula, where access to and from the project forces people to go through areas of South Boston, the bastion of reactionary White racism, Living conditions in the projects are beyond accurate de~ scription. It’s like a collage or collection of broken glass, urine filled elevators, and uncollected garbage. Inside the apartments it is normal to find leaking pipes and toilets, broken windows, long since needing repair, and walls with some of the most drab plain colors imaginable (leadbased paint at that, Among other things one of the effects of children eat- ing lead paint is permanent brain damage), The roof of one build- ing, 20 Prescott Street, in Or- chard Park, leaked so bad that even the corrupt city officials had to condemn the the entire building as unfit shelter for hu- man habitation, Hostile main- tenance men do nothing all day but drink liquor, which increases their racist arrogunce when ask- éd to do some work: while specially assigned pigs patrol the development night and day busting innocent people left and right, indiscriminately shooting at children--which happened last Fall in Bromley-Heath--inten- tionally creating an atmosphere of fear and mistrust so the peo- ple can never unite. One latest trick which the BHAhas employ- ed is to promote faithful lack- ies, long tested in total servi- tude, as managers of the pro- jects. Totally powerless, their purpose (Bailey in Orchard Park; Gains in Jamacia Plain: and others) is to deflect and miti- gate the people's anger, (Bailey once said, concerning the pos- sibility of a Free Breakfast Pro- gram for School Children in Orchard Park, that dogs were more important tohim thanfeed- ing hungry children), In fact, the present admini- strator of the BIIA is the most servile, bootlicking, scum of all, Herman Hemingway, Listed among his more treacherous ac- complishments is haying de- stroyed a Free Breakfast Pro- gram in Mission-Hill project which was serving over 250 school children per week. All in all, whenever we begin some kind of action, to end the inhumanity of capitalistic exploi- tation and insensitive racism, we must be constantly aware of the destructive efforts of the com- munal-wide network of public housing in general, and the BHA in Boston in particular. We take note that the first move in pub- lic housing came at that exact point in time when this country began developing its war machin- ery for WWII, and afterwards its second leap came precisely when the uncontrollable machine went wild, enslaving the peoples of the world in an era of reactionary intercommunalism and trans- forming this country into an Empire. However, the seeds for its own destruction have them- selves necessarily been planted, It had to be so, there is no other way. The land which the BHA now controls will inevitably, both due to the level of BHA oppression and the firm basis for united action which the people living in the projects haye in common, this land will soon become the vanguard of Liberated Territory. When because of racism and the change to profit at someone else's misery, the BHA brought similar people, leading similar lives. to- gether in common living condit~ ions, ‘concentration canips”’; there could» be»but one result-~ Revolution, to Sweep» away all that is evil and hinders man’s development as a free, creative and productive member of society where all people have decent housing, housing which fits the needs and desires of a new revolutionary people, DEATH TO THE PIGS \LL POWER TO THE PEOPLE Boston Chapter Black Panther Party CAIRO’S SCHOOLS ...A history of racism against Black people is now coming home to roost in the threatened clos- ing of Cairo’s public schools on April 1. An announcement from the president of Cairo's public school board says that the sys~ tem is so deeply in debt that not only will the Board be unable to continue operating the schools this year, but that even if $400,000, is cut from the budget for 1971-1972 and one-half the staff is released they could not open the doors in the fallof 1971. The president, Mr. Robert Simp- son, said that this financial dis- aster is because of the present racial situation in Cairo. Leaders of the United Front vehemently deny this accusation. They insist that it is because of a history of racist beliefs and practices that this ‘crime against our children’ is being committed. These leaders have pointed out that racial troubles -orracism- which maintained two separate school systems, one Black and one White until 1968, and kept 13 schools in operation instead of © the present 5, just to insure White children would not have to go to school with Black children, and which caused the system to incur indebtedness year after year; racism which caused industry after industry Guch as Swift Packing and Singer) to leave Cairo and take with them the tax- base which maintained the TO CcLOS \ One of Cairo’s Schools schools; racism which started an all-White private school (Came- lot), So that integration of schools could be overcome, and which school annually takes away over $100,000, of state aid from the public schools; racism which sees the children of school Board members attending the private White schools, Racism and rac- ail troubles have caused the des- truction of Cairo’s public schools. Commenting on the school crisis, the Rev. Charles Koen, executive director of the United Front of Cairo, said: ‘‘It has been racism throughout the years that has seen practically all of Cairo destroyed. Black peo- ple will not, indeed cannot, bear NEW HAVENS HAZ TENAN We, the Hazel Street Tenant Association feel and know that we are being pushed around, We want to let others know that just be- cause we are Black, we are not stupid. The buildings we are liv- ing in, numbered 99-101-103-105 - 107-109-117-119, Hazel Street, have been sold. The new owner went to each tenant, which num- bers 25 families, and told us the rent would be increased, The new owner said before he would go up on the rent , he would put in storm windows, oil furnance, and completely remodel the buildings. This was the first of January when he gave us this sugar talk. About the middle of J anuary we all received letters in the mail stating our rent was increasedto $135.00, as of the first of Feb- ruary; and he hadn’t even shovel- ed two inches of snow from our steps or the sidewalks, Some of the tenants were pay- ing $55.00to $110.00, according to the floor they lived on, These old rents were without benefit of util- ities too. The old landlord was old, but he kept the snow shoveled from our steps even if he had to do it himself. He gave us paint and kept the lights burning in the halls so we wouldn’t break our necks going down the stairs or fall in the snow. The new landlordhas a container at every apartment and no one knows when collection day is. We have to tolerate the sight and odor until they decide to ASSO take it away. We all went along with the old landlord because of the rent we were paying. This new landlord jumps up andraises the rent without doing anything. THESE ARE OUR COMPLAINTS 1, The rats and roachesare ter- rible, and with young children in the houses, we are afraid to let them sleep alone, A roach might crawl up his nose, ears or mouth. The rats are so smart they eat the cheese off the trap and don’t even set it off. The rats could bite young children and babies, causing disease. 2. We can feel the wind inside the apartments, just as if you were on the outside. This runs our heating bills up, There is no heat in the back rooms; if you putfro- zen foods in the rooms, it would stay frozen. I know because Idid this while defrosting the refrig- erator, No one can sleep inthese rooms. 3. The bathrooms all have old tubs, There are rat holes in the floors. Toilets work when and if they want to, not when we want them to. Theelectrical system is bad, so you keep buying bulbs. 4. The kitchen floors are worn.. People on the second and third floors are afraid to use their washing machines. We just might all end up on the first floor or any of the blame for the threaten- ed closing of the public schools. The blame. rests squarely onthe deep seated racism which controls this community, These people must bear the blame eyen though all of us are suf- fering. This racism is leading to the total destruction of this once prosperous community.”* NOTE: A “Student Mobilization’’ to help ‘‘Save Cairo’’ will be held on April 16 and 17, in Carbondale Illinois. Students from campuses throughout the United States are invited to this conference, which will hold its final meeting at the Saturday rally to beheld in Cairo, [ATION in the basement, The sinks hold about 2 gallons of water, They are so smallyoucanhardly wash dishes. There are no cabinets anywhere, 5. We have two small closets in five rooms, so we haveto hang our clothes on the walls or be- hind the doors. 6.The water is rusty and con- taminated, 7. The walls are cracking, 8, There is no privacy between the rooms. The only privacy is the bathroom and the back door. The front doors have cracks so big, you can see who is at the door before you answer. 9. It rains from one side of some of the apartments to the other, It soils clothes, and causes un- healthy conditions. We know we can’t live free, but if our rents go up we think, the places should be decent enough to live in, We don’t mind so much about the rent we must pay, but we want to see what we are paying for. We are Black, it is true- but we are also human. We would like to live as decently as anyone else. Why pay rentfor a house, when you live inabarn? Hazel Street Tenant Association Mrs, Ella Jenkins THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGF 3 PIGS’ FEEBLE ATTEMPT TO SABOTAGE FREE BREAKFAST PROGRAM The newly-opened office of the National Committee to Combat Fascism (N.C.C,F.), the political organizing bureau of the Black Panther Party, at 2009 Albert St. (Flint, Michigan) has imple- mented a free Breakfast program for children. This program was started be- cause we of the N.C.C.F, know the financial status of the Black Community; and know that most Black families are not always able to feed their children a hot, well- balanced, nourishing breakfast. We know that children aren't able to concentrate on their studies in school, as opposed to pains of hunger, without a nourishing hot breakfast, so that they will be able to obtain an education to better their conditions of living in the years up-coming, When the Free Breakfast Pro- gram first started, we saw that quite a few children were inter- ested, but reluctant to come. In our tireless effort to better serve the needs of the people of the Black community, we imme- diately started to investigate the reason behind the children not coming to the Free Breakfast Program. In our investigation, we discovered the root of the’ problem: . This lies at Dort elementary school, located at the corner of Hamilton and Avenue An, Your children are constantly being harassed, frightened by members of a professional staff, better known as teachers; such racist lackeys as Miss Brown, Murphey, a Miss Coldpepper, a Mr. Holiday and your principal, Simmons, These fowl, low-natured tea- chers are harassing your children about coming to the Free Break- fast Program. They tell them that if they come to the Free Breakfast Program, they will be kicked out of school, that we put dope in the food, or that we intend to harm them. Along with harassment by the teachers, they are even subjected to being harassed by your un- friendly, blue-suited pig. They are not satisfiéd with just lying to the children, they have moved to a higher level, to insure that the children of the Black com- munity do not receive ample nourishment, and to further en- hance their genocidal practices of this decadent community. These fowl institutions of learning have uniformed pigs, a- long with their black lackeys, patroling the halls of the school, armed with .357 pistols, un- strapped at their sides. These pigs patrol the halls daily, under the pretense of keep- ing older students from other schools out of Dort. Instead they run around in the halls, taking children who come in late to the office, taking children out of class on a pass for the bathroom to the office. These low-natured beasts goso far as to do such things as threaten your children with shooting them, and taking the children to some secluded area and beating them. There is a clear law in the state of Michigan that children are not to be whipped, beaten or paddled without per- mission from parents. This clearly indicates how the fascist, racist pigs of Flint and their lackeys working in the in- stitutions of learning have no regard for the rights and well- being of the people of the Black Community, _ : We the members of the N.C.C,F. and the people say that when the public facilities no longer work to serve the people as they were designed to do, but work only in the interest of the few that con- trol this corrupt, decadent socie- ty, when this happens, it shall be dealt with by any means neces- sary. In knowing this we know that the only way is with the tools of liberation, Death To The Pigs And Their Lackeys in The Fascist Institu- tions of Learning. N,C.C,F, Flint, Michigan “a 4a THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE 4 THE NEW YORK WELFARE HOUSING SCANDAL New York - On Feb, 21, Tyrone Holland, a six-year-old Black %.child, plunged to his death, 15 (1 stories down an elevator shaft of the Kimberly Hotel in Manhattan. Last month; his older brother Willie fell down a shaft in the same hotel but was strong énough to grab hold of the ele- vator cables and slide 17 stories to safety suffering severe injuries tovhis hands, Inside the Manhatten Towers, a Welfare Hotel The Kimberly is one of 89hotels in New York City where 1,312 adults and 4,064 children live on welfare, The city pays fantastic rates ($504 per month for a two room unit in the Kimberly) to keep homeless families in these dangerous, dirty hovels. Almost a third of the families living in welfare hotels are crowded into the notorious Broad- way Central Hotel, At the Broad- way Central, most rooms do not have cooking facilities or private bathrooms, food is cooked on hot plates in bedrooms, cotton is put in ears at night to prevent cockroaches from crawling in, rats and mice feed on piles of garbage in the halls, and tenants must fend off addicts mingling with prostitutes and pimps in the lob- bies. Most of the children living in the Broadway Central do not go to school because their facilities are ‘‘temporary,’’ no school is convenient, mothers are afraid to let their children out alone, andthe children do not have enough clothing. There is no day-care center and children are either kept locked in their small rooms or roam the halls unattended, In addition to Tyrone Holland, four children have been killed in welfare hotels in the last few months, Fires are common place in these old, rundown buildings. In the Broadway Central, afew weeks ago there were eight fires in one night. Many of the fire doors are permanently locked and other serious building code violations go unchecked, Heating is erratic, Many families sleep with their clothes on, and children and adults are constantly sick during cold weather. Recently, city officials ad- mitted that $100,000 per year was being paid for guards inonehotel. The guards are supposedly hired to keep drug pushers, prostitutes, thieves, and derelicts .out and to maintain peace and quiet. Despite this ‘‘protection’’ these hotels (house victims of many crimes) The horrendous conditions in these hotels received wide publi- city last month when Dorrance Henderson, a Black social worker, arranged to house a family at the luxurious Waldorf Hotel, This simple act infuriated the Lindsay administration, which promptly suspended Henderson, Supervisor Baer, and Salvatore Ciccolella, director of the DeKalb Center where Henderson works, The city also ousted the family from the Waldorf at the end of its first day there, At a hearing on the case, the Social Service Employees Union, AFSCME Local 371, defended the suspended case worker. Cic- colella testified that Henderson followed ‘‘general practice’’ in trying to find a vacancy in a welfare-agency-approved hotel and that he (Ciccolella) took full responsibility for the placement. Testimony by several case- workers from the center indicated that agency procedure is not firmly established; there are several hotel lists and workers themselves are not clear which one is ‘‘correct.”’ At the hearing, Henderson was charged with causing the city a financial loss, although several desk clerks from welfare hotels testified that their rates were higher than those at the Waldorf, The protests by the union and the public outrage at the condi- tions in the welfare hotels for- ced the city to reinstate Cic- colella and Baer and permit Henderson to return to work, though he has not yet been for- mally reinstated, The implication of Lindsay's outrage at welfare clients being placed at the Waldorf is that poor, especially Black and Puerto Rican, families belong in the worst housing. In addition to placing families in decent hotels with lower rates, the city could provide more hou- sing by rehabilitating many sound buildings abandoned by their owners and taken over by the city Instead, it spends over $8-million a year to house people in hell- holes while hundreds of these sound, vacant buildings stand boarded up. While the city does have some public housing, the waiting list has 140,000 names on it according to the Jan, 31 New York Times, An earlier article in the Times indicated that construction had only begun on 6,000 low-cost units, According to the Metropolitan Council on Housing, ‘there are 50,000. apartments, under $100 a month .43,. many ready to move into, Which the mayor is allowing private landlords to hold off the rental-market,'’ At the same time there is a. glut in of- fice space in new buildings, many built. with the city government's assistance. The insufficient low-cost housing for welfare families has driven some families to take over abandoned apartment build- ings or to. occupy. new luxury a- partment projects that are under construction, These ‘‘squatters’’ are arrested or forced out of these buildings by Mayor Lindsay's cops. The growing number of unem- ployed workers whose few pen- nies of unemployment compensa- tion quickly run out are being added to the welfare rolls, At least one-seventh of New York City’s population is already on welfare. Thus the shortage of decent housing is a crisis that can be expected to worsen, By Rachel Towne r Reprinted form ‘THE MILITANT” LOUISVILLE TENANTS ORGANIZE Louisville, Ky. - A little more than a year ago, ‘‘a bunch of people got together and decided that landlords had too much power and control over other people’s lives. We got tired of it.’ They founded the Louisville Tenants Union, Last month, about 125 landlords and rental agents held an un- publicized meeting to discuss forming their own organization to fight the Tenants Union. They are particularly worried about a proposed new housing code that the Tenants Union has sub- mitted to the city’s Board of Aldermen, But many of them have been involved in skirmishes over individual cases ever since the Tenants Union was founded. It all began in September, 1969, when a landlord decided to evict Pat and Paul Pennington and their five children because they had brought a complaint to the city Housing Department. He gave them three days to move out, When the Penningtons said they would need a month to find a new home, the landlord cut off their gas, water, and electricity. The Penningtons had the utilities transferred to their name and turned on - but the landlord re- sorted to such desperate tactics as carting away the water pipes, and creating gas leaks. The story was finally told in the newspapers. In the following days, people dropped in to see if they could help. From that episode, the people who founded the Tenants Union were brought together. “We decided that if poor peo~ ple didn’t form something of their own- a group to take care of tenants - the landlords were just going to run right over them,” Paul Pennington said. By the time the group was in- corporated in January, 1970, there were about 17 people on the mail- ing list. Attendance at meetings still rarely exceeds 30, Yet in its first eight months of exis- tence, the Tenants Union helped about 550 families, and by now the number is probably near 1,000, WELFARE WORK This help takes many different forms. “If people needed something, we got it for them - one way or another,’’ say the Penningtons. “If they were hungry, we got them food. If they were kicked out, we picked them up off the street and got their furniture out of the street. If they got an e- viction notice we moved them or tried to stop the eviction. But the problem was that most people didn’t come to us until the day they got evicted. ‘If they needed the rent or the phone bill paid, we paid it. A lot of the money came out of our pockets. If it wasn’t nothing but listening, we did that."’ Tenants Union members de- scribe this as ‘‘case work'’ or “welfare work’'. It is based on the idea that poor people with housing problems usually have many other problems- and often Tenants Union and Wel- fare Rights Helped Mac- Donald Family these are more urgent than the strictly housing problems. In the last year, the Tenants Union has also distributed 10,000 copies of a tenants rights handbook; picketed various land- lords and the municipal housing offices; staged an Easter-egg hunt and Easter dinner for more than 100 children; supported the Welfare Rights Organization in a campaign around food stamps; and drawn up a proposed new housing code that has sent Louis- ville landlords into a frenzy. The Tenants Unionhas received a great deal of assistance from Legal Aid, Many of their cases are referred to them by Legal Aid or the welfare department. In December, the Tenants Union presented their proposed housing law to a citizens committee set up by the aldermen to draft a new housing code. Some 50 peo- ple, black and white, repre- senting a wide range of com- munity groups, packed the Housing Authority office to show their support. The Louisville Board of Real- tors has also submitted a pro- posed new code, The landlords are afraid that if the Tenants Union code is turned down by the city,’ it will be submitted to the Kentucky legislature next year, to be enacted into state law. One of the Tenants Union's great strengths is that it con- tains a wide range of people who might not normally work together. Almost inevitably, this is also a source of some tension, DISAGREEMENTS As Paul Pennington describes it: ‘‘The middle-class people felt that welfare was a waste of time; that it should be last on the list. They felt that it was a waste of time to worry about whether Mrs. Jones and her five children had food on the table before we wor- ried about whether or not she was interested in the Tenants Union, They wanted her first to be interested in the Tenants Union, and then we would look after her welfare. That’s just wrong.” Another woman said: ‘‘The middle-classpeople think interms of bringing people up to ‘our level’; they don't recognize the legitimacy of the ideas of poor and working-class people, black and white. The middle-class members see themselves as attempting to inject into the Tenants Union an or- ganizational perspective that transcends people’s immediate needs. One way in which this con- flict has been dealt with is by listing two kinds of membership in the by-laws;- voting and sup- porting. People with a certain educational background and in- come are the supporting mem- bers. The Tenants Union also brings together black and white people. The majority of the members are still white, but black involve- ment has grown steadily since September, when a black woman started recruiting. **At one time, [don't think there was a black member,”’ Pennington said. ‘Someone once suggested that theré should, be aychapter of whites, and then they would start a chapter of blacks. Andof course I had a few things to say about that, But, anyway, they decided it would be best to leave it as it was. Anytime you seperate one group from another, you’ve gotthe same thing they've operated from the beginning of America." Reprinted from the ‘Southern Patriot’’ On March 18, 1971, inthe smal- Jest courtroom in the New Haven courthouse, the trial of Black Panther Party Chairman Bobby Seale and, sister Ericka Huggins entered its secoud phase. After 4 months of jury selection, one of the longest in U.S, history. the actual testimony has heyun, Knowing that the Spectators would the hevinning of the wial, the pixs intensified their harassment number of increase with and intimidating tactics. The peo- ple, most of whom were black, were forced to wait outside the courthouse in the cold, twohours longer than usual.When the doors were opened, only twenty-eight spectators (capacity of the court- room) were given passes to at- tend this judicial railroading. Passes were initially denied to ‘s in-laws, the family of sinated husband, John Eventually, after un- due harassment, the family was allowed to enter. Also, Ericka’s mother, Mrs Jenkins, and her sister, Kyra Jenkins, were pre- sent. Meanwhile, members of the press were also being denied entry into the court room. By orders of presiding Judge, Harold Mulvey, neither underground nor moyement press reporters were allowed into the courtroom. Only national and local pig media press reporters were allowed to enter. Those members of the press who had been denied entrance to the court, drew up and signed a petition that they presented to the State's attorney, Arnold Mar- kle. Later in the day, a fewofthe underground reporters were given passes; but, at least, 13 of the press seats were filled with plain clothes pigs to justify not allowing any other reporters in. As members of the Black Pan- ther Party entered the court house, along with many of Bobby and. Ericka’s . friends and supporters, to attend the opening day of thetrial, Margaret (Peggy) Hudgins (a former co-defendant of Bobby and Ericka's, whose case the prosecution was unwill- ing to try) was subpoenaed by the prosecution to appear and testify in court that day, With pigs lining all the walls of the courtroom,, the morning session began at 10:18 am. A jury of four black women, 1 black man, 4 white men and $ white women (2 of the jurors are alternates) was sworn in. After- wards the indictment, charging 30obby Seale and Ericka Huggins with murder and kidnapping, and conspiracy to commit both was read. Peggy Hudgins was the first witness called by D.A, Arnold Markle, As soon as Peggy was seated, Katie Roraback, Ericka’s at- torney, rose to object to this “grand stand play’’ by the pro- secution to make headlines onthe first day of the trial. She stated that it was unfair and unreason- able for the State to expect Peggy to testify on such short notice, She also said that Peggy hadhard- ly been hiding anywhere all this time, and out of common courtesy, Markle couldhave sub- poenaed her any time during the last week, and doing so this morning was obviously manipu- lative on his part. CharlesGarry, Bobby’s attorney added that Peggy’s charges (which were similar to Ericka’s) had been nolled, which means that they could be reactivated at any time and that therefore in her own interest, she should have time to consult a lawyer before testify- ing. Mulvey then said that she could take the Sth Amendment if she chose, Katie asked that she be allowed 10 minutes with her before she did anything. Mulvey agreed to that. When Katie and Peggy re- turned, Katie said that the time allowed them had permitted Peggy to look over only 12 pages of the 122 of her testimony in Lonnie’s trial, and that she was therefore not prepared to testify. (Lonnie McLucas is a co-defen- dant in this case who was tried and convicted last August of con- spiracy to commit murder), HAVEN: “TES Markle, deliberately missing the point, which any lawyer and most laypeople would understand, said “. .. . if they’re claiming that she doesn’t know her testi- mony... . "’ he would wait until she had time to look it over, Pressed by the judge to say that she was dismissed for the moment, Markle changed his mind and said that he wanted to keep her, Peggy then took the Sth amendment. At this point, Markle called on his old friend, the immunity Statute, and announced that he was entering an application to grant Peggy immunity from prose- cution in this case, If accepted, the application would give him the right to question her, and compel her to answer him or face contempt of court. He read some laws about Amendment with respect to that case, and saidthat Peggy had waived the right during Lonnie’s trial when she testified for the defense. The first point obviously does not apply, since Peggy had been convicted of none of the charges involved in this case, something which the judge pointed out to Markle; and the second point was refuted by the defense when they read a law which contradicted it. The de- fense also noted that the defen- se in Lonnie’s case had asked for immunity for Peggy so that she might testify then; and it was refused. They stated that it was unfair for the prosecu- tion to determine arbitrarily when it was in the best interest of justice to grant a witness im- munity. The judge at first decided to deal with the question of Peggy's afi ERICKA HUGGINS immunity by continuing it until Friday, but Markle then saidthat he wanted a recess until Friday, because being unable to call Peggy first would destroy ‘‘con- tinuity’’ of his case, (Apparent- ly, although he had intended to build his case from Peggy's testi- mony, he had just neglected to insure that she would be there until she came walking into the courthouse, . .) A “compromise”? was reached by which the judge would give the defense until 2:00 p.m. ( it was then about 11:;00a.m.) to prepare their arguments against the im- munity application, and at that time the judge would rule, and Markle would proceed with or without Peggy’s testimoney, as THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE 5 the judge ruled. At 2:00, the defense returned and again requested a continuance on the question.because they had decided that it was necessary for Peggy to have independent coun- sel, and had contacted a lawyer during the recess, The attorney had not, however, had sufficient time to consult with Peggy, or to review past testimony. Mulvey denied the request. Katie then addressed herself. to the question of the immunity Statute, which she said is uncon- Stitutional on the grounds that: 1) the “‘protection”’ it offers isn’t sufficient. It does not pro- tect an individual's right to pro- tect her dignity, her right not to give evidence against her “friends and associates"’; it can turn a person into ‘‘an involun- tary informant.”’ 2) it gives the prosecutor the right to decide when it’s neces- sary for the public interest - a right which should belong to the court. 3) it raises questions of equal protection under law, since it gives the state an option it does not give the defense, The defense also noted that in the last trial, when it would have seemed more in the inter- est of justice to grant Peggy im- munity, since her close relation- ship with Lonnie permitted her to give more relevant testimony, that immunity was denied. Markle's arbitrariness was very clear. Despite all of this, Mulvey ruled that he would accept the application for immunity, and compel Peggy to testify that day. Markle’s first questions to Peggy referred to a meeting that she had been to at Yale on May 17, 1971 (significance un- known). When he asked her with whom she had attended the meet- ing, Garry rose to object and to renew an earlier motion to quash any testimony which referred to the conspiracy charges. Both lawyers asserted that the con- spiracy charges were merely a device to get into evidence hear- say that would be inadmissible with just the capital cases. They said that that type of evidence should not be admissible until a separate hearing had determined that there had been 2 separate agreements to do the acts charged, The motion was denied. Peggy told of going to 365 Orchard St. on the evening of the 17th of May for 10 or 15 minutes before she and Lonnie went home to the apartment they shared with Ericka, her daughter Mai, and Peggy's daughter. The next morning she returned to Orchard St. (then headquarters for the Party) with Lonnie, and saw Alex Rackley and George Sams for the first time. Sams was arguing with Rackley and then beating him with a stick. Sams called Lonnie in, pushed him, and said, ‘‘Give that bro- ther some discipline.”’ Lonnie did nothing. At that point, Peggy wentto the store, came back and started to cook, She heardSams and Rackely arguing in the basement, and at one point, Warren Kimbro came upstairs and boiled some water. Later, someone called -to Ericka to come downstairs and she went. Peggy “again had to go TIMONY ”’ BEGINS to the store. When she returned, Sams was in the living room, He ordered the sisters upstairs. Peggy, Maude Francis, and Jean- nie Wilson went upstairs to ad- minister first aid to Rackley. They found him in the bathroom, with a burn on his right shoulder, and a wound on his head, Maude and Jeannie began to clean and bandage his wounds and Peggy not knowing anything about first aid, went back downstairs, When she got downstairs, Lonnie asked her to find out if Rackley wanted anything to eat, So, for the third time, Peggy went to the store; then back to find out if Rackley was hungry. She found Rackley lying on the bed, with his right shoulder bandaged, Some time later, Lonnie and BOBBY SEALE Peggy went for a walk, When they returned, they had a P,E, class, which Lonnie directed, Markle asked Peggy what the sub- jects discussed were. When she replied, the Red Book, the Party Program and Platform, he asked her if that was to the extent of her recall"’ and then showed the transcript from the Mc Lucas trial to her to‘‘refresh her memory."’ After looking at it, she remembered that they had bee. told at the meeting that, if they should see a Jose Gonzalez, he should be taken to the office (Orchard St.). Peggy next spoke of the evening of the 19h, On that evening, she was at Orchard St, with Sams, George Edwards, Kimbro and another brother she didn’t know. Rackley was in the second floor bedroom and Mai was asleep. Everyone else had gone to hear Chairman Bobby speak at Yale, At one point, Sams calledher up- stairs. She saw Rackley lying on the bed. His hands were swollen and tied with tape. As soon as she had gotten upstairs, Sams told her to ‘never mind,’ and she went downstairs again, Later, theré was a phone call, a woman called to ask the Party to help find*her lost child, Peggy took down a déscription of, the child and took it to Yale, where the rest of the people were. She gave the message to Landon Williams (who was on the stage at the time; and returned to Orchard St. Soon after, people returned from Yale. Peggy said that there were lots of people in the living room and kitchen of the continued on page 8 \ THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE 6 GEORGE JACKSON: P.S., ON DISCIPLINE Both Mao Tse Tung and Frantz Fanon observed and commented on the need for psychological, regenerative instru- mentalities for the masses, Both also sensed the need for dealing individually with the psychic disorders that occur normally in the hidden sections of an oppressed man’s mentality. To copulate Fanon’s remedy in his thesis on violence,..‘‘two men die with the stroke that slays the slave-master: the slave-master dies in a way that he can do no man any further harm; and then the slave mentality of the former victim dies.’’ Mao’s comments in his essay ‘‘On the proper handling of con- tradictions’” were aimed at regenera- tion on the mass level. In ‘‘Combat Liberalism’’ he brought the theme of regeneration and discipline down to the core of individual and Party interre- lations: “Liberalism manifests iteslf in various ways.,.Not to obey orders but to give pride of place to one’s own opinions, To demand special considera- tion from the organization, but to re- ject its discipline...Liberalism stems from petty-bourgeois selfishness, it places personal interests first and the interests of the revolution second, and this gives rise to ideological, political and organizational liberalism, “People who are liberals look upon the prinicples of Marxism as abstract dogma, They approve of Marxism but are not prepared to practice it or to practice it in full, They are not pre- pared to replace their liberalism by Marxism, These people have their Marxism, but they have their liberal- ism as well, They talk Marxism but practice liberalism; they apply Marx- ism to others, but liberalism to them- selves, They keep both kinds of goods in stock and find a use for each, This is how the minds of certain people work, “Liberalism is a manifestation of opportunism and conflicts funda- mentally with Marxism, It is negative, and objectively has the effect of helping the enemy; that is why the enemy wel- comes its preservation in our midst,’’ We find a thread of psychoanalysis running throughout our study of the liter- ature, bearing on the new Socialist Revolution, Oppressed man lives with and developes unconscious mental pro- cesses that can diminish his value to, and function within, communal group- ings, The effects of 300 to 400 years of racism, capitalism and economic centralization have in fact been most conducive to a wholé set of mass and individual psychoneuroses, Thus we find (if we look) both the positive and the negative, eco-social and psycho-social, aspects in the building of revolutionary consciousness in class society. The negative aspects of developing a revolutionary condition must never be overlooked, To do so is itself a form of liberalism, Facing negatives, pro- blems, and guarding against their re- currence is a prerequisite of revo- lutionary growth, We must address our efforts to the destruction of the enemy within as well as the outside enemy. The enemy within can be isolated in a simple way: any individual or thing that disrupts communal interests, The thing will always be a product of the indivi- dual, It will begin as an idea or at- titude, It will either be incorrect or self-seeking. It will persist and ripen into a contradiction and disruption of communal interest through lack of dis- cipline, Lack of discipline manifests itself through failure of the individual to moderate his self interest in ac- cordance with the demands placed upon him by the commune, But all things are connected in some way, The materialist searches for these connections to clarify strategy and tac- tics, to solve problems and arrive at validity, We want to understand the ob- jective conditions that give cause to the subjective attitudes controlling ob- jective human behavior along lines that are self-destructive, disruptive of the common interest, or neutral, empty of meaning and consequently tending to be conservative. The simplistic explana- tion that we receive from the revision- ist circles of the old guard, that failed, goes no further than stating that these conditions are not right for revolution- ary practice and ‘“‘forgets that it is men that change circumstances and that the educator himself needs education’’, and that ‘‘the coincidence of the chang- ing of circumstances and of human act- ivity can be conceived and rationally understood only as revolutionising prac- tice, 2? ee aes Geel Bap We want to understand all the objec- tive conditions and forces that are said to be not right, since they are tied into subjective attitudes (consciousness), attitudes, into activity, ‘‘The philoso- phers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to change it.’? We know that failure to make changes is always the fault of the vanguard parties; the failures of the vanguard elements that went before us are the proof of this, But they weren’t exactly autonomous and forceful. We will not repeat their mistakes. A retreat to the comfortable position that con- ditions aren’t right, really isn’t possible here in the Black commune, ‘‘One third of the population will always be ill- housed, ill-clothed, and ill-fed; many urban problems are really conditions that we cannot change or do not want to incur the disadvantages of changing,’’ (Lt. Governor of California), A voice from inside the Fourth Reich speaking in public on poverty. His one-third statement was a cal- culated understatement, If food, cloth- ing, and shelter are among the objec- tive conditions for a fight, then, we cannot rationally excuse ourselves with slogans that turn on the issue of objec- tive conditions, | am not here commit- ting the same error that I condemn, I am not disconnecting the depressed Black commune from the over-all pro- cess of interacting Amerikan relation- ships. I’m merely stating that the very basic objective conditions for revolut- ionary activity have long been present in the Black commune, There are other objective conditions, It’s just that when we come to this issue, we’re ahead of everyone else, If we want to retreat, we can’t base the retreat on the issue of objective conditions, In the very basic sense, we do have a very nearly uniform com- munity of interest there, It is this greater community of interest and near- uniform repression that gives the Black commune its vanguard role, The only possible retreat from the glaring fact that conditions are ripe for revolutionary activity in the Black community is into subjective attitudes, “the people aren’t ‘ready’’, The “thought objects’’ are_not tripe, This could only mean that the \people are not ready to act in their own interests; that they are unwilling or unable to meet and overcome the resistance to their movement; that disciplined and principled objective activity is beyond us, because of some conscious or un- continued on page 10 Penitenciaria del Distrito Federal Santa Hertha Acatitla Ixtapalapa 13, Dietrito Federal Republica, Mexicanna March 1, 1971 Mr. U Thant, General Secretary Organization of. the United Nations United Nations Building New York City, New York United States of America Dear Mr, U Thant: The composition of this letter comes as a last-recourse intent at receiving a small amount of consideraton in a situation which is, to place the matter mildly, totally horrendous, Allowme to explain: I am the only American Negro citizen presently incarcerated in Mexico City, for the supposed commission of the crime of homocide, My actual sentence is, as confirmed in appeal, thirty years of imprisonment. The injustice com- mitted in my judicial situation has been, T assure you, complete and, for many, incredible, The. brutality with which | was treated is something thought to be, at least by me, asnonexistent in modern times; but what be my surprise to discover that Hitler’s was not, after all, the last of the torturing regimes. The Secret Service Police obtained “‘legally’’ a signed confession written in a language which to this day [ still do not completely understand, by a method of medieval torture, Without benefit of an adequate defense, I was sentenced to the aforementioned and placed in a prison where even the Con-' stitutional rights of the country are THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE 7 BLACK MAN SPENDS EIGHT YEARS IN MEXICO PENITENTIARY openly and sarcastically denied me, I have been confronted with the animal- istic necessity of surviving this situation of malnutrition, injustice and profound discrimination as a Negro as well as an American citizen for the past eight years; and my question is this: Is it possible that, in our present day situation, the truth of my horrendous existence will be permitted to go un- attended, unheard, even though I shout at the top of my lungs? Can it be conceived that in the face of the world scene, all those who so emphatically demand justice and the impartation of Human Rights will allow this Negro American citizen to be left unjustly under his present circumstances for the next twenty two years? I should imagine that the only logical answer to this last question should and would be negative. However, and at the same time, I have witnessed and lived such a great deal of illogical events that I have come to the point where I honestly do not know if such an animal as logic does exist any more; and, if it does, why is its existence ignored in a country where the President shouts from every conceivable referendum for the justice and dignity which he him- self admits were absent in previous regimes; in a country where the House of its Democratic government serves as the theatre where the ‘‘obra’’ of re- formation is dramatically interpreted. Logics! Who knows if they exist!?! And yet... they must...! I realize that there may very well be little that can be done by the United Nations, and yet, | am moved by my total necessity to do anything possible so as to not leave the matter as it is, for as itis, it is - asl have previously stated, horrendous, In the hope that by means of the com- position of this letter, I shall in some small way, shape or form obtain amere grain of assistance and/or under- standing, it is my profound privilege to become: Most sincerely yours, Edward Lewis Reynolds cc: Delegation of the United Nations Mexico City, Mexico Mr. Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States of America, Washington, D.C, Lic, Luis Rchaverria Alvarez, Presi- dent of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Secretary of the Dept. of State, United States of America, Washington, D.C, National Association for the Advance- ment of Colored People, San Francisco, Calif, Black Panthers Organization, Oakland, Calif, U.S.A, Lic, Alfonso Martinez Lominguez, Mayor of Mexico City, Mexico Lic, Mario Moya Palencia, Secretary Gobernacion, Mexico City, Mexico Mr, and Mrs, L. B. Delaney, San Francisco, California U.S.A, JURY ACQUITS SAN QUENTIN INMATE AND PRISON BOARD PLACES HIM UNDER MAXIMUM SECURITY PRESS RELEASE; March 16, 1971 A San Quentin prisoner today filed suit in the U.S, District Court here tu stop San Quentin officials from punishing him for acts which a jury had acquitted him of, The inmate, Marvin Smith, charged prison authorities with confining him in maximum security as pun- ishment for allegedly assaulting several Soledad prison guards, even though a Monterey County jury had declared him & two co-de- fendants innocent of all charges, The suit alleges that Smith, after being transferred from Soledad to San Quentin last November, was told by a prison disciplinary board that it ‘‘doesn’t matter about the jury, the prison committee already found you guilty and you must do time in maximum security lockup’’ for two or three years. He is being kept in a small, bare cellalonefor twenty-four hours a day, sleeping on a concrete floor with only a thin mattress. Smith's attorneys, Edwin T. Caldwell and Michel F. Willey of San Francisco, ask that officials of the Department of Corrections and San Quentin be required to immedi- ately answer as to why they feel they may ignore a California jury decision and impose a ‘‘sentence’’ of their own upon an inmate, According to the attorneys, this practice of locking up men inmax- imum security adjustment centers, where they are deprived of all privileges, even. though they have been declared innocent by the courts, is widespread throughout the California penal system. The suit asks the Court to rule that punishing inmates for acts of which a jury has acquitted them violates the due process and equal protection clauses of the Four- teenth Amendment. It also seeks a Court order removing Smith from maximum secruity, restoring normal prison privileges to him, and clearing his record of dis- ciplinary actions involving these charges, including any repcrts that might be sent tothe Adult Au- thority, the state parole board, Smith and two other Soledad prisoners were broughtto trial last September on charges of assault- ing several prison guards with a deadly weapon and of holding them hostage. However, witnesses tes- tified that Smith, and his co-defen- dants had merely beeh trying to break upafight between a guard and another inmate, Johnny Miller. According to Miller, he had seen the guard engaged in a sexual act with another prisoner. Whenhere- fused to accept a payoff of benze- drine in exchange for keeping quiet, the guard attacked him and orher guards camerunning. Atthis point, Smith intervened in order to try and stop the fight. Soledad Lawyers’ Brigade 6436 Telegraph Avenue Oakland, Calif. 94609 THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE 8 FREE STEVE LONG On July 2, 1970 a People’s Block Party was held on Ward St, in New Haven, The streets were filled with the joyous cries of our youth, The children were marching and singing revolutionary verses, demanding that Huey, Bobby, Ericka, Lonnie, and all the people be set free. Marching and singing with the child- ren were members of the Black Panther Party. Among them were Steve Long and Chucky Scott, Steve Long was the Breakfast Program Coordinator for the Connecticut State Chapter, and the children loved him as muchas he loved them, Suddenly, a pig came on the scene to disrupt the people’s gathering and to restore ‘‘law and order”’ in the Black community. He belligerently ordered the children to stop singing and marching, on the pretense that they were ‘‘breaching the peace’’. When the children ignored him, he tried to physi- cally abuse them, When Steve and Chucky moved to prevent this pigfrom brutalizing the children, the pig attack- ed Chucky with his weapon of repres- sion, The people, who had been observ- DEFEND AND SUPPORT JOHNNY COWARD AND BARTEE HAILE prisonment and the second, two to Houston, Texas ... The night of July 26, 1970, the Houston Pig Department attacked the mem- bers and supporters of People’s Party II and the clack community as a whole. Pig snipers, from a church roof, assassinated Carl Hampton who was the Chairman and founder of People’s Party Il, just after he had finished spea- king at a rally, and wounded more than a dozen other people. This was followed by the sweeping of about 500 pigs through the black community. Homes were illegally entered (No Knock Law), count- less numbers of people were beaten and more than 70 ar- rested on trumped up charges, While trying to make a despe- rate attempt to reach Carl Hamp- ton, Johnny Coward of Peoples Party Il and Bartee Haile of the John Brown Revolutionary League were seriously wounded by the Gestapo Pigs, who had stationed themselves on top of a church, the highest point in the area, Johnny Coward who had already lost an eye months earlier as a result of a savage beating from two Houston pigs, twenty-five years. his this attack broad masses of the world. people sive blacks change throughout inevitable. Inanalyzing the Incident that took place, we find that it was a planned military attack put into practice by Hitler's illegitimate child, Pig Chief Herman Short and cowardly fascist troopers. The main objective of was to eliminate Chairman Carl, who was respon- sible for the awakining of the blacks in Houston to the fascist nature of the pigs in the black community and the economic exploitation of the American people and oppres- sed people of the communities of Carl Hampton's love for the was So Strong and his influence so great until the pigs found it necessary to eliminate him. By doing this the pigs un- doubtedly thought they would end People’s Party Il.and any other element standing for a progres- and liberatioa of the com- munities of Houston. But they failed to realize that change is Steve Long - Political Prisoner ing all of this, in turn moved to defend Chuck, ; Minutes later, the pig lay uncon- scious in the street; and his tool of murder and torture, his police service’ revolver, had been confiscated by the people, Reacting true to their nature, the pigs went on a rampage in the community, harassing and intimidating the people. Hours later, they issued warrants for Steve and Chuck, But the brothers had already surrendered continued from. page apartment. Markle asked her what they were waiting for, They weren't waiting for anything, she said; and soon after, they were ordered by Sams to go out to look for the lost child. Peggy stayed at Orchard St. to type reports, and babysit with Mai. The searching parties returned very late. At about 6:00 on the morning of the 20th, there was a phone call which Ericka took, She asked Lonnie to take a message to Bobby who was by then in New York, Lonnie and Peggy drove to New York. Storm- At various times, Garry rose to state that he objected to the questions because they in no way pertained to Bobby. Nothing said during the day pertained to Bobby. And very little pertained to Ericka - Katie kept asking where Ericka was supposed to be during the events being described, Most of the time, that was really un- clear, NEW HAVEN ~ THE “TESTIMONY” BEGINS themselves to the people, and were nowhere to be found, Chuck was captured months later, when the fascists used armored ve- hicles to attack the N.C.C.F, in New Orleans, Steve was recently (January 1971) abducted in NewJersey by the Pentagon’s Secret Police, more com- monly known as the FBI; He was ex- tradited immediately and is now being held in New Haven in lieu of $20,000 ransom, He is being charged with rob- bery with violence, assault on a police officer and resisting arrest. But he is guilty of nothing other than serving and educating the people, and defend- ing them from the vicious attack of an armed, racist, enemy of humanity, Steve Long is a prisoner of war, incarcerated by the intercommunal criminals of the American Empire for loving the people whole-heartedly. He has not failed the people; and we can not fail him, Steve Long must be set free! “ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE Connecticut State Chapter Black Panther Party S) has been constantly harrassed We, of People’s Party II and since that time for attempting J.B.R.L, have found it neces- y to file charges against the fas- sary to organize a defense com- The next day, Friday, March A 5 “3 2 , ’ 19th, started with defense fees cist pigs who were responsible. mittee in support of Johnny Co- . Bick a 7 eS Bartee Haile, who has dedicated ward and Bartee Haile. The pur- attorney Katy Roral ACK BE QUNS SSS additional motions for Peggy SStaressse ‘his life to poor and oppressed people has played a leading role in various anti-war and radical activities in Houston and the Southwest for four years and has also been a victim ofrepression, illegal plot to Two weeks later both were indicted on charges of ‘‘Assault munity. to Murder a Police Officer’’ and ‘*Assault to Murder’’, The date for the trial is Monday, May 17, FREE 1971. The first charge carries a maximum sentence of life im- pose of this committee is tomake the truth as visible as possible and to show the people that the pigs’ attack on July 26 was an murder Hampton, destroy People’s Party II, and Intimidate the black com- ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! Hudgins to be excused as a wit- ness until she consults her at- torney. Judge Mulvey refused to acknowledge that Peggy had any other attorney besides Katy Roraback. At this point Peggy's attorney,Williams, stepped for- ward to introduce himself, Mul- vey refused to hear him. When Williams insisted on explaining his position, fascist Mulvey ruled him out of order and subsegent- ly ordered him out of the court- Carl room, The questioning of Peggy ended with pig Markle asking to know Black fornia. the position Headquarters in Oakland, Cali- (Continuous | reports on \ ‘The ‘Trial’ of Chairman BobbySeale and Ericka Huggins will appear each week in the Black Panther Intercommunal News Service.) ALL POWER“PO°THE'PEO PLE! of everyone at Panther Party Central The Committee to Defend Los Siete de la Raza _ is holding a fund-raising benefit Friday, March 26, from 6:30 to 9:30 pm, at Glide Memorial Church, Taylor and Ellis Streets, San Francisco. Featured are speakers from Los Siete; a long-suppressed film by KQED- TV, produced before the Los Siete trial, but never aired; and music by Sambo Anni, Donation is $1.50. Funds are needed to defend the Los Siete in a second trial in San Mateo County, on charges of armed robbery and grand thef. The charges stem from an alleged incident six days after the death of Police Officer Joseph Brodnik, for which the six young Latinos were recently tried and acquitted. Lawyers for Los Siete say this second trial is unconstitutional because the young men were not informed of charges against them until 18 months after the alleged incident. This ‘‘pre-arraignment delay’’ violates rights en- compassed by the constitutional guarantee to a speedy trial. The Committee to Defend Los Siete charges that San Mateo County had no intention of trying the six for robbery until they were found innnocent of Officer Brodnik’s death. The police and District Attorneys of San Francisco and San Mateo, angered at the acquittal, are now trying to punish Los Siete any way they can, Jose Rios, one of the six, was beaten almost to death by San Francisco police afew months after the acquittal; most of the charges against him for that in- cident were dropped. Others of the six have been followed, ha- rassed and arrested, The penalty for armed robbery is five years to life, and if Los Siete are con- victed, they are likely to spend most of their adult lives behind bars. The trial is scheduled to begin May 10 in Redwood City. A May Day rally in support of Los Siete and all political prisoners will be held in Mission Dolores Park. The Committee to Defend Los Siete de la Raza LOS SIETE BENEFI! THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE 9 VOICE’ SENDS BROTHER TO PRISON Edward Jackson is another in a jong list of Black victims of so called ‘‘justice’’ in this country, Edward was arrested on October Sth of 1970for vagrancy, The next morning he was thrown into a lineup. Mrs. Gladys Garno, the victim of an alleged rape 9 days earlier on October 6th, identified Edward as her alleged assailant. Mrs. Garno testified at the pre- liminary hearing that she couldnot identify her alleged assailant by face, but that she could recognize his voicel|! There were FOUR (4) people who testified that Edward was elsewhere on October 6th. (There were SIX (6) other people who could have testified but they were not called by the public de- fender.) But still one white woman’s word was better than 4 Black people’s testimony. There were other discrepancies in this case. Some of them are; Q) The prosecution withheld the police report from Paul Fisher, the Public Defender, until February 22, 1971. This was the day that Edward was sentenced to from 10 to 21 years for rape, This date *was almost four months after Edward's arrest. (2) The trial judge’s probation officer informed Mrs. Mobley, Edward's mother, that 3 sets of police officers went to talk with Mrs, Garno and each time she told a different story. (3) The investigating police officer re- vealed some startling information in his report. Mrs. Garnohadtold him on the night of the alleged in- cident that she did not know whether or not she was raped in the normal manner or whether an unnatural act was committed. When the lineup was held 9 days later, shestill was not certain.But when the trial started she had decided, Perhaps Mrs. Garno decided after she learned that the penalty for rape is greater than for that of committing an unnatural act, Perhaps she was unsure because possibly the alleg- ed incident never took place at all, And so another Black man’s life has been destroyed. The same system which legally lynched Edward Jackson also LYNCHED Emmett Till in Money, Mississippi in 1955 for allegedly WHISTLING at a white woman, Things haven't changed too much, The style my be a little different but the results are similar. Edward's mother is trying to se- cure a competent attorney who would file an appeal, The fee for the attorney will be at least $2500.00. If you can help Edward receive equal justice, please senda contribution to his mother: Mrs. Mollie Mobley P.G, Box 8306 Phoenix, Arizona 85040 Area Code 602- 268-3773 CLEVELAND FREE BUSSING PROGRAM The National Committee To Combat Fascism in coordinated a Cleveland, Ohio has “Free Bussing to Prisons’? Program for that community: OHIO PENITENTIARY THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE We found that we were and kept misinformed by Intercommunal being duped by the gov- the mass media. There-Service was created to ernment of thiscountry fore, The Black Panther present factual, reliable Cee Se Or Maton tothe peoples The Black Panther Inter- News Enter my subscription for (check box, : F ign = Ror sstis oer communal News Service Subscriptions Subscriptions d P 3MONTHS: (13 ISSUES). ........ 0 $2.50 $9.00 is the alternative to the 6 MONTHS: (26 IS‘ $5.90 $12.00 government - approved ONE YEAR: (52 ISS $7.50 $15.00 stories presented in the (please print) mass media and,the pro- duct of an effort to pre- sent the facts, a A ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE/Z!P # COUNTRY PLEASE MAIL CHECK MINISTRY OF INFORMATION, BLACK PANTHER PARTY, OR MONEY ORDER TO Box 2967, Custom House, San Francisco, CA 94126 ee eee es. On the last Saturday of each month busses leave at 10 a.m. for the Ohio Penitentiary, All visits to this peni- tentiary must be scheduled with the penitentiary at least two weeks in advance, The bus will return at 5:30 p.m, the same day. MANSFIELD STATE REFORMATORY All trips to this penitentiary are scheduled for the second Saturday of each month, Make sure you are on the visiting list. MARION , OHIO Visits are on Saturdays. The date for this trip will be scheduled the third Saturday of each month. The N.C.C.F. encourages everyone who has family or friends incarcerated throughout the Ohio penal system. to participute in this program. The prisoners will deeply appreciate visits from their loved ones. THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE 10 FREE BUSSING PROGRAM IN CHICAGO In meeting the needs of the people, the Illinois Chapter of the Black Pan- ther Party has implemented a ‘‘Free Bussing to Prisons’’ program, This program is designed to enable people to visit their family and friends that are locked in the many prisons , and jails throughout the Illinois com- munity, The many atrocities that are being perpetrated throughout the prison system are going unheard of and un- checked, because of the high cost and inconvenience of traveling to the in- stitutions, Therefore, the Black Panther Party is moving to facilitate communi- cations between the inmates and their communities through the ‘‘Free Bussing to Prisons’’ program, We ask that those of you who plan to visit inmates make visiting arrange- ments prior to the trip. (You must be on the visiting list and have proper I.D.) Some of the prisons serviced by the Bussing Program are Pontiac, Stateville, Joliet, Vandalia, Dwight, and ner | other Illinois State Penitentiaries, For the Bussing schedule and other 7 information please call (312) 924-6575 } or 738-0778. ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! FREE ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS Illinois Chapter BLACK PANTHER PARTY 4233 S, Indiana Ave, Chicago, Illinois THE DETROIT 16 MUST NOT BE RAILROADED Dear Parents and Friends, Please take a little time and read this important message. I am writing to you as a mother, 1 very concerned mother of one of aur 16 indicted black youths, falsely accused of murder, Perhaps, some- where, a killer is walking the streets, while the prosecutor has illegally in- dicted our children and is trying to “RAILROAD” them to jail, . 16 PEOPLE DID NOT PULL THAT TRIGGER. This we know. That is why GEORGE JACKSON : conscious blockage in the area of think- ing, or better, collective thinking, This is a very appropriate time to consider whether we are capable of free- dom, We do see in our attitudes and history both “‘an intense longing for and fear of freedom’’, After over 300 years of slavery and capitalism and three de- cades of totalitarian fascism, we’ve finally succeeced in raising from our midst a revolutionary vanguard party of national and international scope. The Black Panther Party has survived and grown, in spite of the fact that fascism allows for no above-ground revolution- ary political activity, for one simple reason, the Black people willed it into we must organize as parents and friends to get our story to the public, and raise monies for the defense and bail. With this, and only this in mind, we must meet and form a non-profit, chartered organization, dedicated to FREE OUR CHILDREN, No! We can’t afford to sit back and let the establishment play politics with our children’s lives. Although it has happened before, if we work hard, 16 black youths will not be ‘‘RAILROADED”’ to jail as so many others have before them. It?s time — right now, for us all to stand together and let the world know that we are concerned about what has happened to our children, We must get started now. YOUR SUPPORT IS NECESSARY AND VERY MUCH NEEDED, PLEASE CALL 4145 Concord (313) 925- 7292 MOTHER OF CAROL SMITH P.S., ON DISCIPLINE continued trom pase 6 nature of oppressed people - a con- comitant love and hatred for the life style set-up by the oppressor; then, the great community of interest that fascist centralization has worked among the upper class and its governing elite forces us to considerations of build- ing a ‘‘sense of community’’ of our own for the oppressed classes, Revolution must advance in communal form. There is simply no other ‘‘revolutionizing practice,’’ It must be armed, true, ‘‘a shotgun for every hand in every house- hold’’, and the minimum and maxi- mum levels of violence (i.e. cadre or massive organized violence) must both be accepted as the only means of sup- existence and protect it with conscious porting the people’s righteous demands, motive force and blood, Its existence reflects an ‘‘intense longing for free- dom.,”’ It’s a reflection ofus, our health, our regeneration, If we allow unprinci- pled, undisciplined, self-seeking ego- tism to destroy any parts of its strength, it may be an indication that we are in- capable of freedom, It will mean that the people on their own, acting for them- selves, through their vanguard ele- ments, are sufficiently strong to sur- vive counterrevolutionary murder, pri- son death camps, and propaganda, but not the enemy inside us, Final recognition of this possible dual But there will be no spontaneous rev- olution; no spontaneous appeal to arms, A ‘‘sense of community’’ is a prere- quisite to revolution, after the fact of fascist demobilization. They will never hand us aready-made revolutionary sit- uation, The level of our existence will grind on as it is, forever, with each year bringing a few more ‘‘things’’ from the flea market, and each reces- sion taking them all away. The illusion of prosperity or in our case the hope of prosperity will always be program- med into the system; they have learned to fear us, There will be a need for selective, retaliatory and defensive military act- ivity from the outset, We have the will- ing hands to carry out this level of violence - now. However, the objective is to move our numberless masses into a significant challenge of the pro- perty rights enjoyed by the oppressor class, A simple direct attack at the fortified entrance of the productive plant forgets the question with whom? and what? a contented, convinced fas- cist?! A pamphlet?! We must rebuild the ‘‘sense of com- munity’’, class consciousness, It was destroyed with the emergence of fas- cism and its expanding military-indus- trial based economy, and the consumer’s flea market - the basis of continued compromise, If we give the people some- thing to hold, if we address ourselves to their needs, they will actin defense of the communal projects as they ex- tend into the economic interests of the enemy-state, The flea market does not meet all of the people’s demands; every vacuum that exists is a political issue. Politics and war are inseparable in the fascist state, WAR TO THE KNIFE George Jackson The following is atranscript of interviews with five American soldiers who were at Mylai on March 16, 1968. The interviews were conducted by Richard Ham- mer, author of the book One Morning in the War, Most of the men in Lt. William. L. Calley’s unit had been in Vietnam for three months at the time the Mylai shootings occurred; and the five men interviewed here were dis- charged sometime early in 1969, James Bergthold lives in Niagara Falls, New York, wherehe works occasionally as atruck driver delivering soft drinks; Gary Gar- folo, from Stockton, California, the son of a barber, is currently unemployed and looking for work; Garry Crossley is anative of San Marcos, Texas, who recently moved to Del Rio, Texas, to work in an auto parts supply company; Vernardo Simpson, the only Black in the group, now works in a poverty program in Jackson, Mississippi; and Michael Bern- hardt, of Tarpon Springs, Flo- rida, the only one of the five who enlisted, is now working as asur- veyor to make enough money so he can get back to school and complete his studies in oceano- graphy. QUESTION Do you think the training you received contributed to what happened? CROSSLEY: This is something a soldier has to do-takeorders and carry them out, GARFOLO; We used to have to run around yelling, ‘‘Kill, kill’ ie to get it into our heads, just to gét that feeling that you cando it. But actually, when it comes down to it and you shoot somebody for the first time, you think about it and you think-you took another human life. Then you think chat it's war, and it’s the only thing that you could do, It’s either you or them. BERNHARDT; One of the things is that when you're just being trained, when you've been in- ducted, okay, then you're being trained, there are some pointless things you do. I mean really Pointless, So what it moreor less does is condition men to think that just because it’s pointless, it doesn’t necessarily have to be ig- nored, In other words, you still have to do it. Even if they say it and it doesn’t make any sense. Q: Was there any harassment of civilians? BERGTHOLD: I don’t know, like, a lot of the guys wouldsometimes beat up people and stuff like this here. I don’t know why, CROSSLEY: They would get killed by accident and there would be rapes at times, BERNHARDT; Like the way they handled the village or something like that. Or somebody’s running, there’s a woman running, so they shoot her down. I couldn’t ima- gine why she was running. Why should she run, after all, we only raped three women in the last vil- lage and we killed an old man over there, too. GARFOLO: When we were out there, we would just stand out, out on the ground. We wouldgointoa crops, fruit-trees, hou- Little Vo Thi Lien, a survivor of the Son My Massacre, . . ‘‘At 6:30 a.m, on March 16, 1968, all the enemy batteries installed around Son My started pounding the vil- lage for more than half an hour, Eleven chop- pers flew in, strafing the locality and landing American troops whose sanguinary intention . was visible on their ' faces, They shot at all that came in sight: men, women, children, elderly people, and animals, and des- plants royed everything: Gary Garfolo, Stockton, California: ‘‘He ran down the operation to us, There was going to be a mission , .. He said shoot everything, man, woman, children, the whole bit, any- thing that could aid the VC, every living thing + + + » We couldn’t figure out why, Why it was this way, why little kids......”’ Place and we would see a gook have a transistor radio, youknow and maybe we just might want to have one and so we just took it. BERNHARDT: It was just some- thing like the first protest I guess. The first time anybody just tried to say anything, or do anything, like ‘‘Don’t burn my beard,”” or something like that. I said something about the old man who had something stolen from his house and he just was trying to get it back, He was just fol- lowing the troops around and he didn’t go away. So finally they didn’t want to be bothered with him anymore and so they shot him. Q: What caused the harassment? CROSSLEY: The main reason was the booby traps andthe mines, SIMPSON: There was a guyfrom New York, By the name of Rocker, And he was walkin’ a point and I was about ten or fifteeen feet in front of him. And I stepped inthe Same area as he did, And as I approached this bush I heard something go up and it knocked me down, So after the dust and all the brush cleared away, there was nothing left of him. He was totally gone. GARFOLO: We were feeling pretty down about all these peo- ple who were getting hit by these mines and stuff, losing their life, and there was nothing we could do about it. Just sneaky stuff, A lot of us kind of wanted a little bit of revenge. We wanted to see "em, you know. Because they’re always hiding. We wanted to see "em, and we wanted to get into them like that. SIMPSON: We had got led into this field by this officer. He was sup- posed to be readin’ a map andhe couldn’t, BERGTHOLD; I don’tknow whose fault that was. But we all ended up in the high ground inthe bush- es. And that was where the mine field was at. About twenty minutes after the whole thing was over, they found a sign which had been put there that said that the mine field had been laid about 2 weeks ago, BERNHARDT: Mines are tre- mendous, you know, I mean if you ever want to startarevolutionor a war or anything like that. Not only you think of the physical effect as devastating, but the psy- chological effect is somuch more so. CROSSLEY: Intelligence report- ed that it had been the people within this village that had been setting them. And the areahadto be cleaned out, Whether it was done in the right way or not, I’m not to say. Q: On the night before the attack your company commander gave a talk to the men, What didhe say? GARFOLO: He ran down the operation to us, There was going to be a mission, We were going to” be lifted in by helicopter. There was going to be security, We were going to goin there, into the Pinkville...we had a chance toget THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE Il back for some of the guys we lost in that area, There were sup- posed to be Vietcong in there. At that time the intelligence report said that they are in there and they were going tobe inthere and that when we landed, that at the time of operation, there wasn't going to be any villagers in the area that were innocent. That they were going to gotothe mar- ket, or go out into thefields, The people that should be working that work every day, are going to be out inthe fields. And the people that go to the market are going to be in the market. Andif there are any VC in there, they are going to be there then, And that we’re really going to get some contact. It’s going to be our first really good exercise in contact. And everybody was kind of keyed up, afraid, They told us to get all our gear in working condition, be ready, you know, be ready to do battle. BERNHARDT: Without any doubt there wasn’t anything else that the men could have picked up from it. Everybody had the same idea, They got the same impres- sion from it. You know this is go- ing tobe a free-for-all, You could shoot anything you want, Anything that moves, So long as it’s not one of your own. GARFOLO: He said shoot every- thing; man, woman, children, the whole bit, anything that could aid the VC, every living thing. That was sorta like the order, from the way I heard it. I guess some people coulda took it that way, If they wanted to make up for any- thing that happened, they could do it then, And they might have just went off and did it. Some guys might have just flipped. Because there are people capable of doing just that under those conditions. BERNHARDT; What in effect he said was -the village would be destroyed and all the people init and so on. Q: The implication was... BERGTHOLD: Just to get rid of everybody. GARFOLO: And wehadthe night to think about it, you know, sothe next morning we moved out, SIMPSON: There was no certain age not to kill. There was every- one to kill, So that’s what we did, BERGTHOLD: When we took off it was about seven-thirty in the morning. We landed about 150- 200 meters of the village of Mylai 4, And we went in there and just as soon as we Started, as soon as we hit, somebody started shoot- ing, the cobras and stuff were firing away, and | really didn’t know much what was going on, Q: Was anybody shooting back? BERGTHOLD: I don’t think so. I really don’t. You know when somebody’s shooting at you, there’s usually a crack-pop to the deal, CROSSLEY: We went into the vil- lage and we phoned Captain Me- dina and we asked him what to do. Q: And he said what? INTERVIEWS WITH MYLAI VETERANS CROSSLEY: He said that they were enemies, This is a search and destroy mission, and we were to carry out our orders. Q: And your mission was? CROSSLEY: Search and destroy. Q: Search and destroy? BERGTHOLD: People started getting killed and everything. The guys were just walking up and shooting into the houses and stuff. Just killing. CROSSLEY: How it started? I don’t know. This is something we were told to do and we did it. Q: Did you do any shooting? BERGTHOLD: A little bit, not much, CROSSLEY: We made a sweep through the village. And there were older men, women, and the children, it seemed like, were gone, There were very few child- ren, We swept through the vil- lage. That's all there is to it. Q: What. happened during the sweep? CROSSLEY: What do you mean what happened? Q: People got killed? CROSSLEY: Yes Q: Without shooting in sities CROSSLEY: Without return fire. Q: Without return fire. CROSSLEY: This is the type of thing in training you're told to do. When you have a search and destroy this is what your orders are to do. There are no ques- tions. You obey your orders, Q: Would you repeat that, and woul you Say.... CROSSLEY: A search and des- troy is a mission whereby you're given an area, and you're to des- troy everything within that area, After we swept through the vil- lage, we turned around and went back and burnedall the buildings, Q: Now, to destroy everything in the village means to destroy the people? CROSSLEY: Right SIMPSON: It was at Mylai or Son- my or something like that. Sonmy. And it was afternoon when we got there, We had these orders, Our captain was telling about...we was going in and burn down and kill everything that was in the vil- lage and there would be nothing standing there; women, children, babies, cows, cats, anything. And that morning about seveno’clock we boarded the choppers and went into the village, and when we got off the choppers. we started shooting, and Iremember from the first incident as Iwas coming up upon an area, there was aman got up with a weapon andraninto a hamlet, and this lady got up and she had her back turnedto me, and my platoon leader Lt. La Cross continued on page 13 THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE 12 | lil ee rr | i y NEW YORK: THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY THANKS 5 : TTHE FOLLOWING PARTIAL LIST OF STORES FOR FGIVING THE PEOPLE OF NEW YORK THE! TOPPORTUNITY TO OBTAIN THE BLACK HPANTHER INTERCOMMUNAL NEWS SERVICE # , ,Bcemy. 2 2 coicoso news- BROOKLYN: African Shop Livingston & Flatbush All Sol’s 555 Nostrand Ave. Arthur's Grocery Store 163 Kingston Ave. Arthur’s Newstand 8 Kingston Ave, Black Fox 769 Nostrand Ave. Boot Black 606 Nostrand Ave. C & M Restaurant 276 Kingston Ave. Callensten Store 231 Kingston Ave, Candy & Luncheonette 376 Utica Candystore 331 Franklin Ave, Candystore S11 Franklin Ave. Candystore 792 Franklin ¢ Candystore 829 Franklin Ave. Candystore 2154 Fulton St. Candystore 292 Nostrand Ave, Candystore 355 Nostrand Ave, Candystore & Newstand 694 Rockaway Candystore & Newstand 702 Rockaway Cutter’s Pharmacy 621 Nostrand Ave. Duroa Jige (African Shop) 402 Nostrand Ave. Freedom Bookstore 526 Nostrand Ave, Eddie’s Candystore 379 Nostrand Ave, Gail Stationary lll] Rutland Rd, Harry's Candystore 2227 Atkin Ave. J&H Luncheonette 699 Nostrand Ave. Jenkins’ Candystore 924 Fulton St. Kingston Car Service 284 Kingston Ave. Larry’s Candystore 849 St. John’s Place Lunch & Candy Store 100 Kingston Ave. New Shop 280 Utica Newstand Corner of 145th & 6th Ave. Newstand 414 Rockaway Ave. Newstand 2 Sutter Ave, Nicholson’s Candy Store 305 Ralph Ave. Omawale’s Boutique 637 Thruop Ave. Ottis 943 Sutter Ave. Ours Inc, 1727 Pitkins Ave. Prince’s Candystore 735 Nostrand Ave. Psychedelic Unlimited 521 Franklin Ave, R & B Variety Shop 791 Saratoga Ave, Record Shop 356 Franklin Ave. Record Shop 668 Sutter Ave, Sound Town 812 Franklin Ave. Stone’s 650 Nostrand Ave, Unique Hi Fi 691 Nostrand Ave. Vann's 589 Franklin Ave. Washington Candy Store 365 Chassoh Ave. Wright's L & M Store 1507 Fulton St. Yardboro Store 1263 Bedford Ave. Yoca Cab Service 888 Sutter Ave. HARLEM: Al Mosley's Variety Store 130 Lenox Ave. Afro Mart Gam Barnes) 103-W. 125 th St. Afro Sound 1708 Amsterdam Ave, Ben Davis Bookstore 135th St. & 8 Ave. Ben Franklin Newstand 135, Corner of Lenox Ave. Blackshop 7th Ave. bet. 128th & 129th St. Candy Store 2038 Amsterdam Ave, Candy Store 2224 8th Ave. Candy Store 2194 8th Ave. Continental Bazaar 317 145th St. Daisley’s Candy Store 1785 Amsterdam Ave, Glenn’s Candy 3619 Broadway Recently, in a Chicago news- which fascist Mayor Dayley’s “good boy’’ and ‘‘ace-coon- boon’’, Winston E. Moore, cited the reasons for the high crime rate in the Black community. Pig Moore, who is himself Black, was not too long ago appointed War- den of the infamous Cook County Jail. In Cook County, cases of pig brutality against the prison- ers are an everyday occurence, and have, in fact, grown in pro- Portion since flunkey Moore ob- tained the position of overseer, So that his masters wouldnot have to soil their hands doing the dirty work of intimidating the prisoners into a state of submission, This is certainly part of the responsi- bility that goes along with being the Warden of Cook County Jail. This is the jail where the Chair- man of the Black Panther Party, Bobby Seale, was incarcerated during the farcial ‘*Conspiracy Eight"’ trial (where the pigs were trying to convict Bobby of con- spiracy to crossinter-state lines and provoke riots). When lackey Moore had our Chairman in cus- tody, he frequently went to his cell, while foaming at the mouth, oinked to our Chairman that “There will not be any revolut- ion in the County Jail, and that he, (Bobby Seale) had better not cause any trouble for him.” In the article that was printed, Moore attributes ghetto ‘‘crime’’ to ‘‘Bleeding heart liberals who like to say the ghettos breed crime.’ He says that this is “‘idiotic’’, and that ‘indifference breeds crime.'’ He goes on to criticize the White community for not taking a stronger stand against Black crime. Moore would like more White reactionaries to ban together with Black ones for the purpose of destroying our bro- thers and sisters whohappento be in gangs, as his next statement bears witness to: ‘I wonder if the Whites will be ignorant enough to wait until gangs are roaming Evanston and Wheaton, (Suburbs of Chicago) before they actagainst crimes of violence,”’ This savage beast has also taken a position against the lowering of bail bonds for prisoners. Over Pig Winston E. Moore sixty-five per cent of the inmates of Cook County Jail are stillthere because they or their loved ones could not afford the high price of bail (ransom) and most of that sixty-five per cent are Black men and women, Pig Moore’s ex- cuse for this fascist position lies in his following statement: ‘* Put them out on the street again and they will just have an opportunity to commit another crime and wind up back in jail, I say leave them in jail where they can’t get into any trouble." Moore has a degree in psycho- logy which he obtained from one of the power structure's brain- washing universities. Yet from the above statements he has made, it is very easy to see that he knows nothing of the reasoning of the oppressed, or what motivates them to do what they do. We of the Black Panther Party know very well the position oppressed peo- ple are placed in by the U.S. Empire. The Lumpen, brothers and sisters off the block, know very well that they have no vest- ed interest in the continuation of this corrupt, decadent American Society, They are beginning to understand that the people do not contro] the means of production and distribution, and that this power is held in the hands of a few individuals, This awarene: on their part becomes quite clear to us, when we consider the yrow- ing number of political prisoners that are swelling the prisons of Babylon to the point of bursting. We know that people who are forced to live under negative PIG WINSTON E. MOORE CITES “SEEDS OF CRIME” Social conditions will do anything to insure their children’s and their own survival. And we are channeling this will of the people to survive towards positive rev- olutionary actions against the true “seeds of crime’, the real crim- inals of all mankind, the react- ionary ruling class of the U.S. and its lackeys, such as running dog Winston E. Moore. In regards to Moore’s state- ments, we say this is indicative of his slave, ‘“‘yes-sir’boss’’, mentality, Stupidity is one of the most negative forces that man can inflict upon himself. He in- flicts it upon himself, because he has an alternative, a choice between the rational logic of the oppressed and the irrationality of the oppressor, It is very difficult to cope with stupidity, because Stupidity does not need facts and logic, it has no need for ration- ale. It very rarely, if ever, looks for solutions to problems. It looks at the world with a knowing smile, when in fact it knows nothing. As another matter of fact, the only thing required of a stupid individual is that he be consis- tent in his stupidity. In this con- text, pig Warden Moore is a stu- pig, muddle-headed, babbling idiot. Moore's efforts to unite the re- actionary forces of. the White and Black community into @ ‘foree that would destroy gangs, Le. black youth, will surely fail along with all his other fascist Plans, For the youth make the rev olinion and we will not sit idly by while the gestapo tries to commit senocide upon the people. We make not distinctions*he - tween White or Black pork, War- den Winston E. Moore, by his conscious words anddeeds, shows that he has aligned himself with those who would keep us slaves; and therefore, he is an enemy of the people, To take his head is a step in the right direction to- wards the freedom and liberation of al] the oppressed peoples throughout the communities of the world. ALL POWER ‘TO. THE Inois Chapter Black Panther Party PEOPLE Heritage Afro Media 16 W. 125th St. Hoyd’s Candy 2095 St. Nickolas Aye. J & J Candy Store 2084 7th Ave, Jessie's Sweet Shop 3659 Broadway Joe’s Newstand 750 St. Nickolas Ave. Kingston Car Service 284 Kingston Lloyd's Candystore 1724 Amsterdam Ave. M & M Luncheonette 276 Kingston Macfush Candy Store 205-28th Ave. News Stand 139th St. & 7th Ave. News stand 140th St. (Corner Ten Lenox caw 958 St. Nickolas Ave, 2 oo a eet 2 26 ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee News stand 145 Broadway-Subway Riccardo’s Candy 1059 Amsterdam Ave, S & L Candy Store 125th & Madison Ave, Sam's News stand 125th & Lenox Ave. Sam's Soul Newstand 125th & Park Ave. Scott’s Newstand 155th & St. Nickolas Ave. Serritta’s 497 Albany Sight & Sound Record Shop 82 W. 125th St. L, Smith News stand 145th & St. Nicholas Ave, Stan’s.News stand 753 St. Nicholas Aye, Sugar Hill Candy Store Tobacco Shop 1916-7th Ave, Yruno African Shop 1976 Amsterdam Ave, LONG ISLAND: Al's Stationary Store 817 Prospect Ave. Westbury Billy's Barber Shop 75 S, Franklin St., Book City 206 Fulton St, Hempstead Hempstead Ed’s Supermarket 10 Union Strect, Hempstead Egress 200 Fulton St., Hempstead Fish & Chips 93 S, Franklin St., Hempstead continued on page 13 told'me to shoot her and I said, “Well you shoot her, Idon’t want to shoot no lady.’’ So he said, “I'm giving you a direct order to shoot and if you don’t shoot her then you can be shot yourself.” So, as she was putting her foot in the door, I shot her about five or six times, and I went there and turned her over and there was a little three month old baby inher arms which I thought was a gun and this kind of cracked me up. Q: Was the baby dead? SIMPSON: Yes, It was dead, Q: The bullets had gone through her? SIMPSON; Yes. Q: Then what happened after that? SIMPSON: Well, after that we had collected about five prisoners, and they told us that the others,, and then there come one of the guys in my squad said, ‘‘Well, let's kill 'em."' So the platoon leader said, ‘‘Well, I'm turning my back so I don’t see what you're doing,”’ andthis guy had an M-79 grenade launcher, and you can’t shoot a grenade launcher into a group because you can blow up yourself. So he grabbed my rifle and went to the heads of everyone and put it to their eyes and just pulled the trigger. Q: From there it sort of grew? SIMPSON: Yes. Yes, it justgrew on. They said., ‘‘Well my platoon leader told me.. my officer, Lt. Ne ga **Killeveryone, and you don’t kill everyone, I'm going to Watch you out there, and if you don’tkill everyone, you can be shoot-shot yourself,’’ So as L.. he was always near me.. anyway «+.S0 Ithink [killed about eighteen or twenty people that time, Q: Were any of these children? SIMPSON: There was two, yes. Q: And the rest of them were old men? SIMPSON: Well, between ages.... young and old, Q: Young and old. SIMPSON: Yeah. Q: Did you see what else was go- ing on in the hamlet? SIMPSON: Oh, yes. Isaw Lt.Cal- ley and what he said about this grave that they had, this massive ditch. I think it was about, oh, I think it was about fifty people at a time. They would put two mach- ine guns on each side, and put two people with automaticrifles, and he would stand over them, andhe said, ‘Shoot em.’’ So he just killed all of em, all fifty of em, and then they would make another pile of em, and putem inaditch, and then get another fifty and shoot tiem and do them the same way. Q: Did you see any of the burning of the hamlets? SIMPSON: Oh yes, we burned all the hamlets. We put people inthe hamlets and killed them and burned‘em. Q: How did the guys look when they were doing this? continued from page 1] ~ BERGTHOLD: They. lookéd like they were having a good time. Q: Did you see anyone not...... BERGTHOLD: No. Everybody just about everybody, was busy. CROSSLEY; The Vietnamese are funny people. You can’t realize what they’re thinking. They seem to have no understanding of life. They don’t care whether they live or die. GARFOLO: I was over there, I think [ had another guy with me, and 1 didn’t wanna stay walking right in that one area because I couldn’t see from the tree-line what was in the village, if there was anything out there, and I wanted to....1 Saw that ditch over there and I knew it was probably deep or something. There could be somebody there waiting to pick us off when we walked by. So I got over to the side andcame in- to the ditch, and looking around to see. I hadn't got too far when I saw one Vietnamese family that was dropped there, They had been shot while they were running, They obviously had all their be- longings, and chokie sticks, and baskets. There was a man, woman, and a child and from the way they were ontheground, they looked like they were shot while they were running. Icoundn’ttell exactly what didit, what weapon it was had killed them, They just had holes in them and stuff, and1 looked at it for a while, andIran it through my mind anddecidedto keep moving on. I movedondown the ditch, The firing had kinda ceased, There wasn't too much firing. Every once in a while I heard a round being let off some- where, but I was just looking around there thinking. Like they told us there was supposed to be some action there, and I was won- dering where it was, All therest of the platoons were sweeping in toward the village in about the same direction. I walked down a little further and saw incidents just like that..,. families being shot, and I was watching the other people, and we hadn’t got into the village yet. We were still on the outside there. It’s about then I come upon the road where that main pile of bodies that I didsee about eleven or twelve men, women, and children just sorta like in a pile there. Lot of us just sorta looked at that and we knew that something bad hadhappened and we couldn't figure out why, Why was it this way? Why was it this way, why little kids... and we didn’t know. Nobody knew. BERNHARDT: It was completely illogical. I mean, why wouldthey shoot them? But, well, they were there, They were there, and what was there was supposed tobe the bad guys. Q: And you came upon other things? BERNHARDT: Yeah. There were a lot of bodies laying around, soa lot of people were dead-stacks, heaps apparently herded...There were people on the paths lead- ing away from the village or through- the village, Their bundles were placed onthe ground and they were dead, which meant they must have stopped, put the bundle down, and then were killed. The bundle wasn't allover the place, like if they had been running. We didn't see any as far as resistance is concerned. We didn’t encounter any resistance whatsoever. GARFOLO; The Vietnamese have a habit of, when you come into a village, they get scared and they huddle, They all get together and huddle. They get in little herds and it just looked like that’s what happened right on that trail, They were confronted or someting, they were going to or from this one road to another little house at the end of the village...looked like they were half a way in there, moving and something had stopped them, caused them to huddle and they huddled, and they were cut down. BERNHARDT: There were in- fants, In fact, it makes you con- sider that even, even though they were considered beasts, a water buffalo calf or a little piglet would fare better than a child, SIMPSON: Well, they figured that when the babies grew up they would be VC anyway, so why give “em an opportunity to grow up? BERNHARDT: It wasn’t so much the number that got me, It was the fact that just one infant inthe whole pileup would have been bad enough. CROSSLEY: There again, what's going to happen to them? They would have died anyway. BERGTHOLD:; I think it was two kids I seen get killed. Q: Did you wonder why? What did you think when you saw this? BERGTHOLD: It really never fazed me that much, I don’t know why it didn’t, it just didn’t faze me, Q: In addition to people being killed, I've been told that there were rapes. Know about any? CROSSLEY: Yes. Q: Why? CROSSLEY: I don’t know. Simpson: They had told us that they are very religious and res- pect their religious thoughts. They said,if you killsomeone or if you mutilate their body, they won't go to heaven or whatever they believe in; they are very re- ligious about that, They can’t stand to see anyone’s body or parts of someone’s body being mutilated. GARFOLO: Few people talked about it, and we heard some of the guys had got pretty loose and started doing some stuff, like I heard one guy went wild and, with a knife in there, started cutting up people and some people had shot people, and I just didn't even know what to think about it. SIMPSON: They would mutilate the bodies and everything, They would hang‘em, something like this, or scalp‘em. They enjoyed it, they really enjoyed it. Cut their throats. BERGTHOLD: They cut ears off a guys , and stuff like this here without knowing if they were VC or not, If they got anear, they got a VC, GARFOLO: Like scalps, you THE "BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE” 3 know, like from Indians. Some people were on an Indian trip over there, GARFOLO: You can hide under orders and take out your little an- xieties, which some people prob- ably did do, But I wouldn't shoot anybody. I wouldn’t do anything, I never did do anything over there I didn’t want to do. BERNHARDT: I was just sort of left out, not looked down upon for not having done anything, but just left out of the fun, CROSSLEY: There were men that didn’t shoot... Q: How did the guys’ feel about this? CROSSLEY: They kinda felt like they were putting the responsi- bility on the other soldiers, The job that shoulda been done was pushed upon the rest of em, SIMPSON: That night everyone was talking about how many they killed and all this here, and how they killed them and everything. GARFOLO: We heard about it, just shooting gooks, you know, like a head count, like, ‘'I killed three or four people,’’ you know. BERNHARDT: But that was the kind of talk that was going on, and “Chalk that one up for me”’ and all that other stuff. CROSSLEY: We didn’t think any- thing of it. Well, we thought a lot of it, I'm exaggerating there, We didn't believe this would be such a publicity stunt. We felt that this had been happening many times before, and it had probably been happening many times since. GARFOLO: I’ve heard stories and spoke and talked to different people from other units and like that happens you know, people in villages get shot up a lot, but it just never seems to come down. Q: How did the officers who were with you react to this? BERNHARDT: They did a little bit less talking because they were a little bit more prudent, [think, because they began to realize the seriousness of the situation,. not that they had done anything wrong in the eyes of their superiors, but that in the eyes of their superiors they had, so that he wouldhave to come down on them, Like the un- derlying order, they were actu- ally expected to do what they did, but it was like, ‘*Do it, but don't let me catch you.”” CROSSLEY: I didn’t feel there was any reason for the public to know, because I felt thishadbeen done before. I didn’t think that I'd ever be thinking that much of the day. BERNHARDT; My platoon ser- geant, my platoon leader and so on,...they talked to me and said, ‘Well, you know you're not going to say anything. You know if that colonel comes around, just don’t say anything at all.’ SIMPSON; When we got back, they told us not to talk to anyone. Our platoon sergeant told us not to mention this to anyone, notto say anything about it. INTERVIEWS WITH MYLAI VETERANS Q: What kinds of questions didhe ask? BERNHARDT; Qestions of the type, ‘‘What did you think of what was going on down there?” The questions, the way he asked the questions, seemed to me that he knew. In other words, he wasn't trying to find out what was going on, but what would happen from there on, Q: Do you think anything can be done to prevent this kind of thing from happening again? CROSSLEY: We can get out of Vietnam. BERNHARDT; It seemed every= where we left, if the enemy wasn’t there when we got there , they were when we left, We seemedto be sort of growing them, plant- ing them like seeds. Wherever we went we sort of bred the enemy. He just came out of nowhere, and it was almost as if we weren't there, there would be none. Q: What do you think a war crime is? SIMPSON: What do I consider a war crime? I consider a war crime being over there, just our being over there,. REPRINTED FROM EVERGREEN MAGAZINE Sa Ss es eo es ee NEW YORK STORES continued from page 12 Food Market 421 S. Franklin St., Hempstead Martin Luther King Memorial Center 875 Prospect, Westbury Martin Luther King Memorial Center Long Beach, Long Island Nick's Supermarket 21 Stewart Ave., Hempstead Paper Back Bookseller 148 Front St., Hempstead Sam's Grocery 293 S. Franklin St., Hempstead Soul Delicatessen 853 Prospect Ave., Westbury Stationary Store 163 S. Franklin St., Hempstead MANHATTEN:? Bookmaster 43rd and 7th Ave. Eastside Bookstore 34 St. Mark Place Intergalastic Shop 17 St. Mark Place Liberty House 334 Beecher St. News stand 23rd and 7th Ave. Night Owl 18 W, 3rd. St. Paper Back Booksmith 30 W, 8th St. QUEENS: News stand 101-03 Roosevelt ee ee ee ee ee ee THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE 14 JOINT COMMUNIQUE March 20, 1971 The Black Panther Solidarity Com- mittees in Europe wish to express our solidarity and revolutionary greetings to Bobby Seale; Ericka Huggins, Angela Davis, Ruchell Magee, George Jackson, The Soledad Brothers and all political prisoners being held in the jails of Babylon, We know that you, as black political @ prisoners, are being subjected to the most -brutal and inhumane conditions which the white power structure has imposed on all black people. We know that you are in jail for your courageous, revoutionary actions to free black peo- ple and all oppressed people. We also know that the efforts being made by the pig media to isolate you from the people will fail, because youvepresent and are part of the people’s struggle for free- dom from racism, poverty and op- pression, The European Solidarity Committees ° and communities feel that the peace forces in the United States in the coming spring offensive should not ignore the struggle for liberation within the United States itself. These struggles are being led by third world peoples in general and the Black Panther Party in particular. Therefore itisnecessary that the peace forces mobilize their efforts to free all the political prisoners within the United States, The spring offensive in Washington coincides with the trial of Bobby Seale and Ericka Huggins in New Haven, Connecticut, and it is of the utmost importance that , the peace forces do not neglect these two revolutionary comrades. Our intercommunal solidarity is ex- pressed in our political work to revolu- tionize our respective communities and to free the third world political prisoners within Germany, England, Holland, Denmark and Sweden: In Ger- many these prisoners include the “‘Ramstein 2’’,. who are two black brothers being held in jail. The trumped-up charges of ‘‘conspiracy to <=" ST AES N\ ED wary — PUT | commit murder’, were put on them because they were actively involved in politicizing black G.I,’s in Germany; In England there are the ‘‘Oval House 4’’, and the ‘‘Mangrove 9’’, who are being held in London for standing up for the rights of the two million third world people now living in England. There are more than 100 third world people in Dutch jails, including the **South MoLuccan Wassenaar 35’’, These people were jailed after occu- pying theIndonesian Embassy in op- position to the visit of the fascist puppet Suharto to Holland, In Denmark, twenty-two Slum Stormers (squatters) and supporters of third world struggles were arrested and jailed for defending a house which they had liberated from an avaricious landlord, In Sweden, there is increasing pres- sure by the Amerikan government for the deportation of political refugees (including black GI’s). Recently bro- ther Glanton Dowdell was arrested by the Swedish authorities on demand of the Amerikan Embassy. We must unite around all political prisoners both in the U.S.A. and in Europe, At no other time has unity DEMONSTRATION OF SOLIDARITY IN EUROPE amongst our ranks been more impor- tant, If we remain united, the people’s desire and need for freedom cannot be stopped. All Power to the People Black Panther Solidarity Committee Stockholm, Sweden Black. Panther Party Solidarity Com- mittee Lund, Sweden, Black Panther Party Solidarity Com- mittee Copenhagen, Denmark Black Panther Party Solidarity Com- mittee Frankfurt, Germany Political Refugees - Malmo, Sweden Freedomschool - Amsterdam, Holland Black Panther Movement - London, England Voice of the Lumpen - Frankfurt, Germany THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971 PAGE 15 October 1966 Black Panther Party Platform and Program What We Want 1. We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community. We believe that black peop!e will not be free until we are able to deter- mine our destiny 2. We want full employment for our people. We believe that the federal government is responsible and obligated to give every man employment or a guaranteed income. We believe that if the white American businessmen will not give full employment. then the means of production should be taken from the businessmen and placed in the community so that the people of the community can organize and em- ploy all of its people and give a high standard of living 3. We want an end to the robbery by the CAPITALIST of our Black Community We beheve that this racist government has robbed us and now we are demanding the overdue debt of. forty acres and two mules. Forty acres and two mules was promised 100 vears ago as restitution for slave labor and mass murder of black people. We will accept tH® payment in currency which will be distributed io pur many communities. The Germans are now aiding the Jows iniisrael for the genocide of the Jewish people. The Ger- Mans murdered six million Jews. The American racist has taken part in the slaughter of over fifty milfion black people: therefore. we feel that this is a modest demand that we make - 4. We want decent housing. fit for shelter of human beings. We believe that if the white landlords will not give decent housing to eur black community, then the housing and the land should be made into cooperatives so that our community, with government aid, can build and make decent housing for its people. 5. We want education for our people that exposes the true nature of this decadent American society. We want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present-day society. We believe in an educational system that will give to our people a knowl- edge of self. If a man does not have knowledge of himself and his position in society and the world, then he has little chance to relate to anything else. 6. We want all black men to be exempt from military service. We believe that Black people. should not be forced to fight in the mifi- tary service to defend a racist government that does not protect us. We will not fight and kill other people of color in the world who, like black people, are being victimized by the white racist government of America. We will protect ourselves from the force and violence of the racist police and the racist military, by whatever means necessary. 7. We want an immediate end to POLICE BRUTALITY and MURDER of black people. What We Believe We believe we can end police brutality in our black community by or- ganizing black self-defense groups that are dedicated to defending our black community from racist police oppression and brutality. The Second Amendment to the Constit:t.un of the United States gives a right to bear arms. We thetefore beueve that all black people should arm themselves for self-defense. 8. We want freedom for all black men held in federal, state, county and city prisons and jails. We believe that all black people should be released from the many jails and prisons because they have not received a fair and impartial tria! 9. We want all black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their black communities, as defined by the Constitution of the United States. We beiieve that the courts should follow the United States Constitution so that black people will receive fair trials. The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution gives a man}, right to be tried by his peer group. A peer is a person from a similar economic, social, religious, geographical, en- vironmental, historical and racial background. To do this the court will be forced to select a jury from the black community from which the black defendant came. We have been, and are being tried by all-white juries that have no understanding of the “average reasoning rian” of the black community 10. We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace. And as our major political objective, a United Nations-supervised plebis- cite to be held throughout the black colony in which only black colonial subjects will be allowed to participate, for the purpose of determining the will of black people as to their national destiny. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and nature's God entitle them,-a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life. liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Pru- dence. indeed. will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shown. that mankind are more disposed to suffer. while evils are sufferable. than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed, But. when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pur- suing invariably the same object. evinces a design to reduce them under ab- solute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such govern- ment, and to provide new guards for their future security. SER VING THE PEOPLE BODY AND SOUL All Power to the People Y MAMA TOLD ME THAT, “THERE ARE SOME PEOPLE WHO ARE REALLY SERVANTS OF THE PEOPLE” i \| Te Rararasapeagg On ONOHOHOHONOROMOMOReHoOnOHOReNomeHOHOHCE Te. Hehenokebonen eno NonoheneweomenemomemomememomomenemomencE B BLACK PANTHER PARTY INTERCOMMUNAL NEWS SERVICE MARCH 27, 1971 " .. OUR HOPE IS PLACED ON YOU.” LETTERS TO CHAIRMAN BOBBY AND ERICKA FROM THE YOUTH INSTITUTE (UNEDITED) —MARCH 1971 ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE, How are you and Ericka feeling, I hope fine. I hope you and the sister is trying to survive in that pig pin. The people are going to free you soon, We know the pigs are doing you bad. i That’s why we try to seize the time, talking to the people. Huey is going to speak on the 27th of this month at 11:00 A.M. I wish you and Ericka can be there, FREE BOBBY AND ERICKA! | FEE ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS! SEIZE THE TIME AND OFF THE SWINE! ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! Dear Bobby, I’m a student at the Huey P. Newton Intercommunal Youth Institute. We have six class, Math, History, Science, Health, Art, Ideology of the Black Panther Party, We are having a Revolutionary Youth Festival. Eldridge Cleaver is out of the Black Panther Party, Kathleen Cleaver is to and Don Cox. I love all the people. YOUTH MAKES THE REVOLUTION! FREE BOBBY! P.S. How are the comrades doing? TO ERICKA Dear Ericka, All Power To The People, I have learned a lot in the Huey P. Newton Youth School. We looks nice like little revolutionary should look like. We go sale papers like litile revolutionary but some of the little revolutionary get out of hand and have to be dealt with after being in the field. On Wednesday we go to work at Distribution. This coming up Saturday we are going to have a revolutionary Youth Festival for the people. It is going to be at Bobby ¥ Hutton Memorial Park. Comrade Huey Newton will be speaker at the festival for the people, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! FREE BOBBY, FREE ERICKA! FREE ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS! J momememomomomoncnemonononemomemonememomenomenenononomomonenenenonomonenonenononomonemenohomnomomonononononemomemenenononcnomemenomononemencn, ON OMoMeMenemomemememonomenenomoNoMonomoNemonen omen enone Nononononenonenomonenemonenomonomenonomomenenomononenomenomen BLACK PANTHER PARTY INTERCOMMUNAL NEWS SERVICE MARCH 27, 1971 C ” «OUR HOPE IS PLACED ON YOU.” Dear Bobby, Power to the people, Erica, My birth- day is March the 27th, 1971, I hope you get out of jail so we can see you, I am a student of Huey P. Newton Intercommunal Youth Institute. We have a lot of class, we have English and art we have history, Eldridge is out of the Black Panther Party, Kathleen is not in the Party and all the renegades, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE, ERICKA, My mother works at the Intercom- munal youth instititute, ’!’m a student at the Huey P, Newton Intercommunal Youth Instititue. We are having a Revo- lutionary Festival March 27, 1971 at Bobby Hutton Memorial Park, l6th and Adeline, Oakland at ll A.M. - 6P.M., Huey will be speaking the Lumpen will be singing, we having food, films, games, sports, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! YOUTH MAKES THE REVOLUTION FREE BOBBY SEALE FREE RUCHELL MAGEE! FREE ANGELA DAVIS FREE ERICKA HUGGINS! ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! I am a student at the Huey P. Newton Intercommunal Youth In- stitute. All the Comrades miss you. We know that the pigs will try to tell the pig judge that you are guilty, but the people know that you are not guilty. So if they say you are guilty. There won’t be no lighis for days, because the people are going to cut out the lights all across Babylon, And then the pigs will know that the people are not playing but the people-are not playing now because they know that the vevolu- tion is serious, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! LONG LIVE THE MINISTER OF DEFENSE HUEY P, NEWTON! | MoHoNoMeROMOMeHoNON chOMON CMOMOWON CMOMeMomeMeHenOMeMeMeeReHoMeneHonemenomonomomomenoMeoNomONONONoHoMen con OMeMen omen ONG HomomomenomomememenenOmonomeHomemomenemeRonemonenenen HOM OM OM OMOM OH OM OMOMOMOMeMeMOMOHOMOMOHOHONCHOMoCHOMeMeMeM ON eM oMoMeMeROMeOH eM OHOHOHOMOMOn on on onOn en OMOMOMOmonOHON Educate to liberate has always been a focal point in our struggle for free- dom and power to determine our des- ' tiny. For we understand, clearly, that those who can control the mind can con- trol the body, Bducation, the handing down of human knowledge to the next generation, is necessary for the sur- vival of mankind. In primitive society the job of education was carried on by the family, For example, the father would teach his son all the.things nec- essary to surviveinhis particular en- vironment, Thus it was only natural that the correct information was passed on because of the love that existed be- tween the two of them and the very obvious dependence on one another to survive, As society became more com- plex, with the division of labor, insti- tutions weve set up for the purpose of educating its members. Now those who controlled the means of production also controlled the educational institutions: they were able to decide what knowled- ge would be passed on and to whom. Thus during the era of slavery in the U.S., Black people were denied any knowledge other than that which enabled their continued exploitation and oppres- sion by the slave master. Only those who had sworn allegiance to the slave master through traitorous deeds were allowed to acquire only the very rude- mentary knowledge of reading and writ- ing. Over the years Black people fought for schools, for education, for know- ledge that would enable them to sur- vive and obtain their basic needs and desires. The power structure rapidly found out that mere denial of education- al institutions was not sufficient to keep Black people ignorant. There were just too many blatant examples of the so- called self-taught man who had made significant contributions tothe advance- ment of society, Thus the power stric- ture allowed Black people to go to school but totally controlled not only the learn- ing process, but the amount and type of education. Black people were taught how to read and write, but not how to think. Black people were told that an education would set them free from pov- erty and exploitation, And Black people went forward and studied hard and long, and found themselves able to enter fields of knowledge and work that their fore- fathers had not been able to pursue. However, Black people were rudely awakened to the fact that the type of so-called education they had acquired still led to discrimination and exploi- tation on some level. Black people and other oppressed people are well aware of this fact. And today it is not surprising that some of the most bitter struggles going on in our communities are for control of the educational institutions. The power structure has given up them integration, so-called community control, scholar- ships, fellowships, Black studies, etc., but never complete and total control of the educational institutions. For the power structure knows it is easier to control the people they are exploiting, if the people are taught to love and be- lieve in the system that exploits them. The power structure knows that a very serious situation exists when the body can no longer be controlled through the mind, but must be controlled by force. What we have is an educational sys- BLACK PANTHER PARTY INTERCOMMUNA tem which is completely controlled by the power structure. The method ‘and process of teaching and learning are - geared to memorization of distorted reality and unrelated facts, all designed to fit the individual into the present oppressive system, Students are taught that obedience to school rules is pri- mary, and knowledge secondary, or un- necessary, Those who come hungry and ° cold are asked to sit quietly and learn, something, anything, but how to obtain their basic needs. Those who ask why and question too often are labeled trouble makers and asked to be quiet and love it or leave it. And those who recognize the situalion as a farce and yebel through disruption are banned forever, Such an educational system re- tards the growth and advancement of ° human society, for human resourceful- ness and creativity is held to a mini- mum, Huey P. Newton has said that ‘‘power is the ability to define phenomenon and make it act ina desired manner’’. The people want an education that ex- poses the true nature of this decadent American society, that teaches us our true history and role in present day society, Our many programs are evi- dence of the fact that we are a Party which teaches by example. With this as our background .and ouy desire and need to define, control and. determine our destiny, the Black Panther Party opened The Huey P. Newton intercom- munal Youth Institute in January of 1971. For a long time we have\ vecog- nized the contyadiction which existed between the veality of the situation which the Party has put forth and the distortion: of reality ‘put forth by the MONON ONONOHOMOROMORONOH ONOROHOROReHOHOHOR: pov ed «alo do be 9 Be the 4, Pa bas the rac wil opp r d wh The Crea act ~ all as hiv The nee So one imt ~vea ord aro in ¢ wor tea in o tsm PES tute pro stra stit sur -how ‘ vire aly RCOMMUNAL NEWS SERVICE MARCH 27, 1971 ed by rf 1‘and \ igned 4 pare. re js branded, trouble makers and put out of Oe One ene i omoMeRORONe Bonene HoneHeH “power structure, Our children explor- ed this contradiction and rebelled, They <along with many other children were he system's schools. Thus when the eseni \, Party initiated the Youth Institute, we aught y un- yand » ayn, biain~ > why beled quiet who 2 and. nned 1ve- nt of * 2ful- rint- Wey enon. oY? ex- dent our day evi- arty this | and nine arty m= 1 of og- sted tion the the - . based its teaching concepts on teaching the skills necessary for survival in racist, fascist America, concepts that will benefit the masses of people, as opposed to a small ruling elite, ~The youth are regarded as people, whose ideas and opinions are respected. The students participate in a demo- cratic fashion and plan many school activities, They also openly criticize all areas of work at the Institute, using as their guide the basic principles of _ living and working together in harmony. The teachers and students know that we _ need each other in order to be free, So each one helps one; each one teaches one. And the students understand the importance of learning the basic skills- reading, writing, math, science - in order to begin to define the phenomena around us and make all phenomena act “ina desired manner, The youth live, work, and play together with their teachers, Everything is done together, in order to learn solidarity and social- tsm in a practical way. For, The Huey P. Newton Intercommunal Youth Insti- tute is a 24-hour revolutionary learning process for all the comrades and in- structors «who are enrolled in the In- stitute. The Institute, like many of our survival programs, teaches comrades how to survive in an oppressive en- vironment, teaches the basic education- ‘al methods that are needed to survive, ._ At the Institute the young comrades, the students, make most of the decisions in reference toactivities that take place, They help plan the daily menus and decide what we will do on certain days. Each comrade is assigned to do certain work at the school, and generally they are the ones that keep the Institute working smoothly. The purpose for this is to give each one the opportunity to make decisions, to do things for them- selves and to put things into practice. In many of our classroom situations, the comrades may teach a particular subject, for the classes are divided ac- cording to ability, not age. In fact, many comrades are reading and writ- ing on a higher level than that level on which they were when they were in the pig’s schools, At present, there are 28 comrades attending the Institute. The comrades live at the Institute during the week and return home to their parents on the weekends. The day usually starts at 7:30 a.m. when the students get up from bed, They do exercises from 7:30 until 8:15 and then have breakfast, After break- fast the children are assigned to do certain chores, And the classes begin every morning at 10:00 a.m.: On Mon- day, Wednesday and Friday, the class- es are held as follows: 10:00 -- Math, 11:00 -- Science, 12:00 Lunch, 1:00 -- English 2:00 -- History, 3:00-5:00 -- Field work and Special Projects; on Tues- days and Thursdays classes are as follows: 10:00 -- Health, ll:00 -- Ide- ology of the Party, 12:00 -- l:00 -- Ideology of the Party, 2:00-- Art, 3:00-5:00 Field Work---Field work consists of distributing Black Pan- ther Newspapers, talking to. other youths in the community, attending court sessions of political prisoners and visit- ing prisons. During freehours the com- vades..are usually doing projects that are the most interesting to them, such as Art work, sewing, cooking, writing or any other things that are of interest to them, Many people are coming forward to help us and we are looking forward to eventually expanding the Institute all over the country, into all our com- munities, For we know that this is the only way that the education for our peo- ple will, in fact, expose the true nature of this decadent American society; and this is the best method to teach our true history and role in the present day society. We say this because we believe in an educational sysiem that will give to our people a knowledge of self. If a man does not have know- ledge of himself and his position in society and the world, then he has little chance to know anything else. And we know that because the People, and only the People are the makers of world history, we alone have the ability to struggle and provide the things we need to make us free, And we must with love of mankind pass this on to all of those who will survive. For.whether we sur- vive as a people depends on what we do today. ; “The world is yours, as wellas ours, but in the last/analysis, it is yours. You young people, full of vigour and vitality, are in the bloom of life, like \the sun at eight or nine in the morning, Our hope is placed on you,’’ ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE HUEY P. NEWTON INTERCOMMUNAL YOUTH INSTITUTE : noi cual aia itis | BLACK PANTHER PARTY INTERCOMMUNAL NEWS SERVICE MARCH 27, 1971 “OUR HOPE IS PLACED ON YOU. LETTERS TO CHAIRMAN BOBBY AND ERICKA FROM THE YOUTH INSTITUTE (UNEDITED) —MARCH ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! Brother how are you feeling? I go to the Huey P, Newton Intercommunal, Youth Institute, There is going to be a festival, Saturday for the Youth, There will be games and prizes and food and the Lumpen are going to sing, Huey P. Newton is going to speak. Candi Intercommunal and we sang the Lumpen song and Huey speak, FREE BOBBY FREE ERICKA sin me sings with the Lumpen. We went tof» ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! We saw a pig with a 12 gage shotgun pump, we were walking down the village. He pumped his 12 gage shotgun and he thought he was bad. He thought he was doing something and he walked around the building and then two more pigs came out of a house with their 12 gage pump shotguns and drove off. And then I went to the center then I saw a lot of pigs and I hear people saying some one got killed. ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE THE PEOPLE WILL SET YOU FREE SOON! DenencnomomenonemencmomomenemsinetipmenenamensnoncmenonenehenensmenemenseeucusienenennpendlilinengaegeneEsnenenenone@esenonenonenenememonewene OMOM OMe NeMoMoMeMeMeNoMeHoHoMeHoHeMeMeMeneHoHeHeHONe RonemememononoMoMenonenonononenenenononemenonememonenomenonene & BLACK PANTHER PARTY INTERCOMMUNAL NEWS SERVICE MARCH 27, 1971 G “ ...OQUR HOPE IS PLACED ON YOU.” momeomenenencnenonones nS momemomememenonenenenenemenenen Dear Bobby G, Seale * : Dear Bobby, We all miss you and Ericka very We like our new School, We go tothel @ i much, we know the people are going Huey P. Newton Intercommunal Youth : to free you soon, We sang a song to Institute. a Huey at Intercommunal day of 4 Solidarity. We like the youth Institute very much, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE _ FREE BOBBY! ao FREE BOBBY! FREE ERICKA! ol’ : FREE ERICKA! TO BOBBY SEALE, All Power To The People, Bobby. We celebrated Huey P, Newtons Birth- day and we went to sing a song for the Minister of Defense and Supreme Servant of the people. How do you feel to day Bobby? You know that Eldridge Cleaver is kicked out of the Party, He broked many Party rules. ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! onemeomenonenonen: OM OMOMOMOHOH CMON CHORORON CHOHOHOHOHOH CHOHCH OR OHeMeROMONeHOROReHeHONONCEON OE OROReHONOHOHOHeHe . we BLACK SAUTER? HR ee ee ee a RPS ah WORLD IS YOURS, AS WELL AS OURS 5 _ BUT IN THE LAST ANALYSIS, IT IS YOURS. YOU. YOUNG PEOPLE, FULL OF VIGOUR AND VITALITY, ARE IN THE BLOOM OF LIFE, LIKB THE SUN AT EIGHT OR NINE IN THE MORNING. OUR HOPE é DS ‘PLACED ON. YOL : y OM ORONCHOHONOHORONORORORONOMOROROHCH F i Fo & ie See. BORCHONGHORONOH ST OROROMONOHOM OHOHOHORONOHOCHOMOMOROHEROHOHONOMOROHeNOROMeHeReOMenOmeHoReHOROHS