Vol. 3, No. 22

Te BLAGK PANTH Black Community News Service PUBLISHED WEEKLY ° ee th ese e's ee De / TH °° SE Itt+ * St nbd) * x 4. f * 2 : *,* ote ete eee. sieensrnernetine, 20) cents THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1969 PAGE 2 BLACK SOLDIERS AS REVOLUTIONARIES TO OVERTHROW THE RULING CLASS BOBBY SEALE, CHAIRMAN, B,P.P. This is the county jail, city prison, San Francisco, California, And this is Bobby Seale, the Chair- man of the Black Panther Party of which Huey P. Newton Is the Min- ister of Defense, and Eldridge Cleaver is the Minister of Informa- tion, I am presently incarcerated here as a political prisoner in the same manner that our Minister of Defense, Huey P, Newton, is incar- cerated in another prison bere in California known as C.M.C, (south of San Francisco 200 miles), Andi wanted to senda message from jail here as a political prisoner. We are here in America, brothers, (Black G.Us, who this message is to), trying to rid our- selves of the oppressive conditions that we've been subjected to for 400 years, And now they have Black brothers with their lives on the line, dying and fighting a people who are only wanting for them- selves, self-determination Intheir own homeland and to unify their country and unify their people. And the only reason that Black GIs are over there, or BrownG,l,'s, or Red (Indian-American)G.1's, Chi- canos, and even white G.1.'s, the only reason you're there is because the fascist, ruling class circles of America (theavaricious, big-time, businessmen, the big rich men; the demagogic, lying politicians, the misleading politicians who mislead and try to lie to the people)are the ones who put you there and the ones who mean to keep you there, They're the ones making fascists out of you brothers, And it's cor- rect that the Vietnamese should de- fend themselves and defend their land and fight for the right to self- determination, because they have NEVER oppressed us. They have NEVER called us ‘‘nigger”. They have NEVER done anything wrong to us, The leadership of the Viet- namese i» that of heroic people This is also truce of the Vietnamese people who are heroic people, fighting for thelr right to self- determination And so, the same goes for Black people here In America living In wretched ghettos and oppression We have been struggling for 400 years, as many of you Black brothers are well aware, | know you dream about home, But when you come home, come home and realize that you have a fight here, that we have the right to control our des- tintes in our Black community; as the Chicano people have a right to con- trol their destinies in their Chi- cano community or areas and places where they live; as the A- merican Indians have a right to contro) their destiny; as the poor, oppressed white people havea right to control their destiny (many poor, oppressed white people must re- alize that {t's the ruling class), The Indian-Americans, the Chicano- Americans, the Latino-Americans and Brown people, and Black peo- ple in America are beginning to move more and more in opposi- tion to the oppressive condi- Uons that the SAME avaricious businessmen and demagogic, lying politicians create and maintain-- that exploitation, The workers of this country are beginning to move more and more, day by day, step by step from a lower to a higher level in opposing the ruling class circles, because they (the ruling class circles) are the ones who keep the racism going, They are the ones who keep people hating each other because of skin color, etc. The Black Panther Party, brothers, does not fight racism with racism, There are no white people in the Black Panther Party but we do have alliances with white radical student groups who have stood up in protest against that war for your sake and for all the G.I, s' sake. We wanted them back home, We wanted to bring them back home as a means to end that war, demanding and protesting that the G.I.'s come back home and the war end, The Black brothers, Vietnam Black G.1's, must understand and feel desire to oppose oppression right here at home domestically, Oppose fascism, The cops occupy our community just like a foreign troop occupies territory. Just like, you are a foreign troop there in Vietnam, occupying territory at the directions of the fascist rul- ing class and their military lead- ers who are also a part of the fascist ruling class, Not atthe will of the people of America are you there, You're there because the imperialist US. aggressors (and that's exactly what they are) have sent you there, And we'll be glad when you come back, because here you must fight the pigs who oc- cupy our community. In every ma- jor city and metropolis throughout America police forces have been doubled, tripled, and quadrupled wherever Black people live; where the large populations of Chicano people live, where the large popu- lations of people who are protest- ing and opposing war, are pro- testing and opposing the poverty and the murder and brutality that's committed against Black people in the Black community, Wherever the case, these police forces have been tripled and quadrupled with machine guns, AR-15s (the same kinds of guns you brothers got and are carrying over there) 357 mag- hums (you can stand up and shoot 10 demonstrators with one bullet with a .357 or a .44 magnum) that these cops carry here. They’ re not solving the problems of the people, the U.S government, the local government, the federal government, and the city govern- ments, All they're doing is putting money out for more arms, And now a state of DOMESTIC imperl- alism exists here to the extent that genocide can beginto be committed tomorrow, If they decide. We'll be glad when you come home, We oppose the war here, we say, ‘Power to the People.” We want al) the people to move to have proletarian democracy-- workers democracy (a real peo- ple’s democracy), and not capital- istic, exploiting democracy for the minority ruling class. There are only 800 big, rich businessmen who control this imperialistic regime in America, There are numerous demagogic politicians, fromthe local government to the federal govern- ment, There are approximately half a millfon or more local police, some more millions of national guardsmen, But they are used against, not to protect the people. They're used to murder and to bru- talize the people, such as at the Na- tlonal Democratic Convention back in August of 1968, The numerous amounts of bru- tality that are golng on,and you brothers haven't even heard about them. The political prisoners that Black Panther Party members have been made (We have over 50 political prisoners here) all be- cause the Ten Point Platform and Program of the Black Panther Party began to be implemented, And what was the Ten Point Plat- form and Program of the Black Panther Party? From the very beginning of the Party the Ten Point Platform has always read; We want freedom. We want the right to determine our destiny in our own Black com munt- ty. Number two: We want full em- ployment for our people, Number three: We want the end to oppres- sion and the exploitation of the Black community by the capitalists in our communities, Number four: We want decent housing fitfor shel- ter of human beings, Five says: We want a decent education, It says we want decent education that teaches us about the true nature of this decadent American society an education that teaches us our true history and our role in the And number present day society six says; We want all Black men to be exempt from military serv- ice. That's what we demand here of this government, (We really want you home, brothers), Number sev- en says: We wantan immediate end to police brutality and murder of Black people, The last two polnts of the Program covers our rightto fair trial by peers as it says inthe Constitution of the United States. i('s important Black brothers that we understand the need to come home, It's important that we under~- stand that the Vietnamese people are only fighting for the right to sel{-determination in their land, It's important, brothers, that we understand {t's the fascist ruling class circle who have you there, who got you fighting there, It's important, brothers, that youun- derstand that your fight Is really right here at home in America, So when you come back, you'll be fighting against the oppression that we've been subjected to for 400 years. So! will wind this state- ment up and probably, hopefully, send some more, Better yet, I think I should say a few more things con- cerning Black G.I,’ sand the history of this country, In the Civil War when there was a fight between the North and the South, in that Civil War, 186,000 Black people enlisted in the mill- tary service. We were promised freedom, justice, and equality; and we never received it. During World War I there were over 350,000 Black Americans in World War I, And we were promised freedom, justice, and equality; and wenever received it. In World War II some 850,000 almost a million Black A- mericans fought in that war as Black G,I.'s, And we were prom- ised freedom, justice, and equality; and we never received it, Then there was the Korean War the fas- cist ruling class aggressors put together, And we fought there, Now, here it is again--another war a- gainst a people who are trying to fight for the right of their self- determination. They don't even Promise you ‘‘freedom, justice, and equality’’ anymore, Kinda bad now, brothers. lf we would only begin to realize the necessity of not being a tool for the fascist aggressor! And that doesn’t only go for BlackG.1,'s. That goes for Mexican-American G.1.'s, Chicano brothers, rather; that goes for the Indian American Gi's and Chinese-American GI's; and that goes for even the poor white American G.1i's who have to understand, That goes for even the G I's who have some hu- manistic understanding about a people’s right to survive anda right to determine thelr own destiny in their own land, like the average hu- man being who can understand that Black people have been oppressed for 400 years herein America--all G.1,'s. And the Chicano people are oppressed, and the Indian-Ameri- cans are oppressed, You guys know that. Every last one of you know that, You cats come from off the block, you Black brothers, And I know you, You know me just as well as I know you. The many times we use to brwak off into parties and be fighting and carrying on, Some of you would be blowing joints, and drinking and carrying on and being sharp, trying to get you some clean clothes, and chasing them sisters out there, You ain't no different from other brothers; only we just turned political, We just turned political, We're being made political prisoners because we're standing up out there against this fascist ruling class, against those fascist, racist pigs who oc- cupy our community like a foreign troop occupies territory, We re the same, but we're just in twodiffer- ent places, We should be here fight- ing here at home. They protest over here for the freedom of po- litical prisoners, You should all be closer at protesting over there for the freedom of political pri- soners in America. Power to the people, Power to the people; that's what we say, Power to all the people. And get rid of the power, take the power away from the minority ruling classcir- cles, the imperialists and fascists here in America, The same thing they're doing over there to the Vietnamese people, they’ re getting ready to upstep and do to Black American people. The same thing; the same kind of weapons, vicious weapons, They have tanks; they have nerve gas and everything else prepared, And It's time that weun- derstand and realize this, All the masses of the people and the G.L's and the people at home are the ones who have to protest the war, arethe ones who have to protest the in- justices right here at home. So you brothers who are dream- ing about coming back home, when you get back home, you're going to see that same oppression. They're going to promise you a job; but you'fe going to be out of a job. In some cases they're going to try to give some of you dishonorable discharges for one reason or an- other and tell you that youcan’t get a job when you get back, Butall you have to do is tell him it wasn’t no jobs here when you left. And that’s why you got off into that thingany- way, You went into the service for the same reason! went into Itatone time over 10 years ago, some four- teen years, now; ‘cause It wasn’t no jobs, it wasn’t nothing to do, and you didn’t have any thoney in your pocket and you was frustrated with your surroundings and ba- sically your enviornment, That's the reason most of you brothers went in there. It was a way to get a chance to dosomething. And you feel you'd go in the Army and some guy'd sell you some in- sidious notion about being a man, and all that kind of crap. And you were already a man. You're a human being, That's the first basis for being a man; it’s being a hu- man being, and not going out try- ing to prove how many colored peoples you can kill in a foreign land, That's not beinga man; that’s being a fascist. And that’s whatthe fascist power structure does, So to ALL Black American GUL's, it's very important that -you understand the need to come home; the need to relate to the struggle here; the need for the people and us to get mobilized and to amass together to free the po- litical prisoners; the need to fight for community control of police where the people will have control, not of the same police, but fire those in now and set upcommunity control operations, The Breakfast for Children Programs, Under- stand that the demagogic poli- ticlans are lying. They're lying on the Party, They've attacked the Party; they've attacked our offices, And in some cases we've o defend ourselves with weap- ons because we vowed that we would stand and defend ourselves, to de- fend our people and teach our peo- ple the correct methods to resist the pig power structure here in America, the tuscist ruling class, the exploiters, That's what they are-. oppressors. So, power to the people, brothers, And please come on home, brothers. And when you get home. we'll be watting for you. BOBBY SEALE CHAIRMAN BLACK PANTHER PARTY September 6, 1969 desires effectively, when the dally conditions of our lives are such that $s pe | Foot ‘Cs’ ‘Shell Fired Into S.D, Panther Pad to be harassed, beaten, jailed, or killed by the ‘police, the “pro- The foul acts that have been committed on the Black Panther Party by the fascist lackey pigs have shown that the struggle of the oppressed people has definitely been brought to a higher level of the revolution, A clearer, and clearer Ine of demarcation has been drawn, These crazy, stupid pigs of San Diego have beenharas- sing Panthers, and intimidating them constantly ever since its existence. Why? Simply because the Black Panther Party is the servant of the people, to go forth and meet the wants and needs of the people. To teach the people the strategic methods of how to resist the power structure, These very things have been put Into practice, All the constructive things that the Black Panther Party ts doing are tn the Interest of the peo- ple, so it is not at all hard to understand, or begin to understand, why the pigs move the way they do, Anytime you hear or see fascist pigs jammed bumper to bumper, running into each other to try and commit foul acts on the people's PRESS RELEASE SAN DIEGO BRANCH It becomes difficult to findlan- tectors of the Gvage that will sult our needs and extremely law’, the ples re commonplace, And, therefore, to try so many times to tell the people and educate each other about our lives and how to deal with our condition ts diffi- cult, for words weaken with over- use, But, again we in the Southern California Chapter of the Black Panther Party have been victims of attack by fascist vigilantes re- presenting themselves as the San Diego Police Department, and un- der the usual pretense of looking for a fugitive from justice, Onlast Tuesday, September 2nd, members of the Black Panther Party's San | Diego Branch were in their com- munity talking to the people. While out talking to the people, they no- ticed members of the San Diego Police Department runningaround, claiming that a man whom they had been trying to catch had been seen running into a known Panther house. In this house at that time were only two sisters, Gloria Shields and Gloria Johnson, and an elghteen- month old baby, Bink, When the brothers who were out in the com- munity saw the S D.P D. vigilantes surrounding the house and begin distributing shotguns, carbines and Thompson sub-machine guns, they called the house and told the sis- ters to call lawyers and others who could give legal aid because these madmen were about to at- tack. The SD P.D then surrounded O THE P vanguard; or for that matter, on the people themselves, we all begin see more clearly the fascism that is brewing more overtly in our midst. Anytime you hear or see gangs ofcriminal pigs chasing peo- ple with outrageous weapons that will kill instantly, and the people throwing rocks and bottles so that the pigs can't catch them, We all see the anger of the oppressed people. We know that the people want this insanity to stop. The people also know it can’t be stopped with rocks and bottles, So, what then? Well, it moves to the level of knowing that ‘Polit- ical power grows out of the barrel of a gun,” On September 2, 1969, at 11:45 p.m., the coward, sissy pigs launchedC S. gas in the residence of Party members which occupied two sisters and a 1 1/2 year old baby, C.S. gas was shot through every window and hole inthe house. they then proceeded to the rear of the house where the landlord lives, and kicked his door in, olnking and drag his son out of bed. Everyone on the block was THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SE PTEMBER 20, 1%9 PAGE 3 S.D, Panther Pad Wrecked by ‘CS’ Bombardment the house, got into position and ordered the women and baby to open the door. When the sisters asked if these men had a war- rant, they were told, ‘*We don’t need one. We'll kick the door down."’ The women said they were not opening the door and were told they had 10 seconds to do so, Before 10 seconds were up, the San Diego protectors of the law began firing C S Gas Rockets into the house, They continued this for 45 minutes Because the masses of people understand clearly that the Police Department is no more than an occupying army of the community, the people outside the house be- gan throwing rocks and bricks at up and on the outside digging on the pigs going crazy. Ever since that house has been occupied, the dirty low-down pigs have been using terror tactics every night, and threatening to do what they have finally done. Brothers have been on the block, up many streets, and on the set bringing the mes- sage of liberation to the people, Brothers and sisters have been executing all means to establish Programs that will serve the peo- ple and not exploit them, such as the Free Breakfast Program, Free Health Clinics, Liberation School, and Community Control of the Po- lice. Every time we make that posi- tive step In the best interest of the people, the pigs go crazy and get constipated, and turn the Black community Into a shootinggallory, with Black people as the targets. What the plg power structure is doing is openly practicing fas- cism, That's right, fascism, Right here in racist Babylon! You dig? They are protecting not the peo- ple but the capitalist in our com- munity, And they will stoop to the bottom of the s--t to do this, SAN DIEGO PURGE The San Diego Branch of the Black Panther Party has exposed § guilty a foul element within our ranks, She is of committing the follow- undesirable acts: Liberalism A sister--Lydia Runnels, ing and subjectivism, She let things Slide for the sake of peace and friendship when she knew a per- son had clearly gone wrong; she indulged in irresponsible criticism in private instead of actively put- ting forward ones suggestions to the organization; she would be among the masses and fall to con- duct propaganda and agitation; she also indulged in pleasure seeking, These faults were pointed out to her time and time again, yet she made no move to correct them the revolution has no room for Ss0-called Panthers who impede progress and harm the Interests of the masses, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE Ministry of Information Black Panther Party, San Diego Branch the police to try and keep them from killing these two sisters and the baby. The people's activity be- came so intense that the police’s concentration was forced to the people and they stopped firing the gas rockets into the house, and turned to ‘‘disperse’’ the outraged people, The sisters thon came out ofthe house carrying the baby. After this, complete bedlam was created by the police activities: They tore up the house, threw out food and med- ical supplies, arrested most ortné people outside for distrubing the peace and failure to disperse, and kicked down the doors of other community people, still looking for a so-called suspect. Finally around That's what they did last night, These fools are mad because Save- More robs no more, and that means a capitalist in our midst has been downed by the people. (Save-More is the capitalist market that closed August 21 by Panthers and lumpen- proletarians ) Money down the drain of the capitalists and another vic- tory for the people, So itis natural that they would attack the Vanguard, But what the pigs fail to see Is that last night, on July 13th at the Park, at Southcrest Park last week when they were chanting 1, 2, 3, 4 go get the Niggas, when they burglarized the Black Panther Party office, what they did at Huffman's when they overtly attacked Black people, what they did to Chairman Bobby, Huey, Eldridge Cleaver, and alleriminal acts that they have committted all across this country. They fall to see that they have in fact, by their actions, intensified the strug- gle for freedom of all oppressed people. All the foul, corrupt acts have not been bad things but good things, It has shown the people the true nature of this decadent, OPL 4:00 a.m, they left the area. And so, we once again merely remind the Power Structure that attacks on the Black Panther Par- ty are In factattacks on all the peo- ple, and the people, as they did, in San Diego, clearly see this and will move on this. And we also remind the Pig Power Structure once again of what our Minister of Defense, Huey P. Newton, said some time ago, ‘‘The racist dog policemen must withdraw im medi- ately from our communities, cease their wanton murder and brutality of Black people, or face the wrath of the armed people,"’ ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE fascist American society. so Right Ont! To the stupid pigs of the power structure, who boosted the strug- gle, and with their actions, will continue to raise the revolutionary struggle and spirit, we will con- tinue to wage the revolution, im- plement the 10 point platform and program, and arm ourselves a- gainst the fascist pigs that oc- cupy our community. The fascist pig better believe that: We want an Immediate end to police bru- tality and murder of Black peo- ple, or face the armed wrath of the people, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE LONG LIVE THE MINISTER OF DEF ENSE BLOOD TO THE HORSE'S BROW AND WOE TO THOSE WHO CAN- NOT SWIM THE PEOPLES’ PIMP FROM NEW HAVEN As of August 27, Theodore Spur- lock, the most re actionary counter- revolutionary madman to ever hit the set here in New Haven has been expelled from the Black Panther Party. He has on many occasions proven himself to be a harmful corrosive to the Peoples’ Revolu- tion. He has perpetrated such evils as: 1, Individualism 2. Subjectivism 3. Disregard discipline 4. Spreading erroneous informa- tion (lying to the people) . Liberalism 6, Consciously cashing false checks In the Party's name 7. He did not adhere to the policy and ideology laid down by the Central Committee, Selfish departmentalism All of such evils breed the weaken- ing of the bonds between the Party for organizational and the people, which Erica Huggins and the other incarcerated Panthers tried so hard to strengthen, and it also creates disunity within the Party. The New Haven Chapter of the Black Panther Party has had a thorough house cleaning and has purged from its ranks that rock headed, mud-brain, counter-revolu- Hlonary maniac, Theodore Spurlock. Our only conclusion of a bird- brain like that ts that either he is a fool Or an agent, We the remaining members of the New Haven Chapter will start anew, We will go forth to meet the needs of the people, serve them, love them with heart and soul and never at any point divorce ourselves from the Interests of the masses, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE FREE THE CONN 15 FREE ALL POLITICAL PRISON- ERS THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1%9 PAGE 4 INSTITUTIONALIZED ILLNESS N THE mai i ‘i WZ } i tI] Itt Most medical care than most prison doc- tors,”’ veterinarians give better there about six years later Such examples are not everydayas he put ft, a broken jaw bone of the Chicago House of Correc- occurrences in prison, but they areat the hands of the prison dentist, tion was bullt in the 1880's with- by no means rare, There were many By Rey, Robert Taylor PRISON SYSTEM medical staff would have a difficult time maintaining the health of the prison population given the general health and sanitation conditions in most of our prisons Too often laundry facilities are inadequate and changes of clothing occur infrequently. In many cases straw mattresses which become breeding places for vermin are still in use Older prisons of brick or stone interior construction are never really dry, and the steam heat on the outside walls never really reaches the cell block, located for security purposes some distance from the outside wall, Perhaps for this reason tuberculosis has been known as the ‘prisoner's disease’’. Ventilation in the cell house ts usually poor and the cleanliness of the dining and kitchen facilities ts often questionable, I know of no prison now in use that does not have inside plumb- pair of pliers rather than risk, ing. However, the south cell house OTHER FACTORS RESULTinun- out plumbing, and until 1960 when during the several years in whichder-use of existing medical ser- it was torn down, each prisoner had I worked in the Bridewell and the vices, For example,inmanyprisonsa bucket in his cell which was One of the first incarcerated Cook County Jail. I remember this and jails access to the dally sick emptied each morning at the back of persons ever to entrust his life one clearly because I remember Mr. line is available only through athe prison yard and disinfected with to my ability as a counselor wasa Clark. But even a very few such guard; in other places one musta handful of lime, petty con man named Donald Clark, incidents would be enough to sub- initially be screened by an inmate I met him nearly twelve years stantiate the inmate belief that most barn boss, ago th the House of Correction in veterinarians give better medical Chicago, where he was serving a care than most prison doctors, six months sentence for defrauding THE NEGATIVE VIEW of the an innkeeper, We met weekly for medical profession by members of about three months and talked for the inmate sub-culture, justified an hour in the prison yard, In those or not, Is a major factor in the poor days a chaplain was not allowed a delivery of health services in prison, desk or an office, All prisons can be characterized Mr. Clark was less a con man by constant conflict between the than a compulsive check writer and custodians and those in custody. belonged either in a simpler so- It is normal for the latter to view clety or in deeper therapy than I the former with hostility, suspi- THE FACTOR MOST DESTRUC- TIVE of health services in prisons, Some inmates with real illnesses however, does not relate to archi- are excluded from contact with the tecture and equipment. In a prison medical staff by this means for aor jail all visible power of sub- variety of reasons, others chooseto version and passive resistance, but suffer in silence and/or medicate members of the treatment team, in- themselves rather than to particl-cluding the medical staff, are al- pate insucha procedure, Prisonlore most totally powerless, This con- abounds with such formulas for self dition is sharpened by the fact that medication as this: To survive athe “medical staff is for the most long sentence walk slow and drink part a part time staff, lots of water. The strongest personnel force in THE MEDICAL FACILITIES and the medical facility is usually the in- could provide, I never knew whether clon and contempt, In this context personnel of correctional institu- mate nurse. Inmate nurses can de- what I said to him or what he was it Is possible tounderstandthatsuch tions are pretty generally ignored velop a good and theraputic atmos- eventually able to say to me would Medical services as may exist inin the Iterature of penology. A phere In the Infirmary, They fre- have any effect on the course of prison are frequently avoided, even glance through the indices of sev- quently achieve a high degree of his life in the ‘‘real world’’ out- when needed, by inmates, side because he died a few weeks AT ST LEONARD’S HOUE, an before his release date, agency that works with ex-prisoners DONALD CLARK joined the sick in Chicago, we have a good deal of line one morning, and although the documentation on this point, Our inmate in charge and the part time volunteer physician has picked up doctor were convinced thathiscom- & vast number of undiagnosed con- plaints were symptomatic only of ditions, unrepaired hernias and malingering, they allowed him afew treatable diseases among men seen days in the hospital to rest. at St. Leonard's House in the first For three days he complained of week or so following their release various pains and an inability to from extended periodsofincarcera- urinate, His color changed from a tion. He estimates that one third pleasant alcoholic ruddiness to a of them leave the penitentary need- very unpleasant yellow, The inmate ing medical attention nurses claimed that he sneaked to They frequently citethelr distrust urinal in the dark of the night, Of Prisondoctors as the reason for } think it was the fourth day that their conditions, One man entered the doctor, a recent immigrantfronthe penttentary with 20-20 vision Eastern Europe who spent most of 2nd left the penitentary totally blind his time running a private clinic from glaucoma having refused medi- in the ghetto, became sufficiently cal attention until it was too late. concerned to have him transferred Another old timer chose to extract to the County Hospital. He died his own teeth with a contraband MEDICAL CARE IN THE ILLINOIS PRISON Here in Chicago we are recelv- Wimpy Moore has to have a 24 hour ing hundreds of complaints, fromthe guard with him every where he goes. lumpens concerning people who die That's the contradiction about the in the house of correction from iti- pootlicking Johnson Publishing adequate medical care. In the House Company, (Ebony) So the poople are of Correction the doctorsarerefer- saying to slaveholding Moore and his fed t6°as Dr, Jokyll or Dr. Frank- siave master Daley and Pig Ogil- enstein, you see these are doctors vie, ‘We want all black men held who hate sick people, doctors who jn federal, state, county and city are only concerned about their prisons and jails freed,"' The Pat- personal wealth instead of the in- riots are saying ‘‘we want freedom mates health It shows that even for all Hillbillies held in federal, in the prisons class differences state, county and city prisons and appear, White brothers receive the jails released,’’ The Young Lords same Frankenstein type attention, are saying the same, What we are because the highest rate of white saying is release and we will re- inmates are southern whites from habilitate them with love, respect the white Harlem, next in line are and with a political ideology, Soc- the Puerto Ricans lalism, And we will in turn replac: The July issue of Ebonytried to the inmates with the pigs and pork glorify the Pork Chop, Handkerchief chops. We'll even let Ron Karengs head, slaveholding warden Winston be the pork chop barn boss ove: “Wimpy’More by saying Wimpy the pigs. Moore’ cleaned up the prison, They showed Wimpy Moore sitting in Bot Lee, Field Sect with the inmates talking and laugh- Black Panther Party ing, but they didn’t show the armed [}linols Chapter quards. Ebony did not mention that eral standard texts and resource competence, I know of one man books in the field reveals the over- who, following his release from Sight, prison, successfully ran an under- In correctional manuals of stand- world ‘‘trauma_ clinic’’ which ards health and medical facilities specialized In gun shot wounds, are taken for granted liketheprison Too often, however, the inmate kitchen, What 1s wrong with prisonnurse is subject to the pressures hospitals is for the inast part whatand demands to ‘operate’ in the is wrong with prisons themselves. inmate subculture and to use the Prison budgets have low priority power of his position as a means in most political Jurisdictions andof enhancing his status and wealth, salaries for medical staff cannot THE PART TIME PHYSICIAN attract the best the profession has wandering into this milieu will al- to offer, Frequently the appointment most invariably, and ina very short of the medical staff is dictated by time, associate himself withthe cus- political considerations rather than tody forces of the Institution, He will competence or Interest spend most of his time trying to Medical facilities are seldom de- catch malingerers, Ata nearby signed by or for professionals and women's reformatory aspirin (to one suspects that even the best- deal with the symptoms) and castor appearing infirmaries were de- oll (as a deterrent against coming signed more with aneye to show than back) are the standard prescriptions with an eye to function, for everyone who joins the sick EVEN THE MOST DEDICATED HMne for the first time, LEAD POISONING IN NEW HAVEN CONNECTICUT Lead poisoning is a very con- very strong and a beautiful per- troversial issue in New Haven,Con- son, told me of the harassment necticut, Children have been turn- she has gotten from the idiot pig ing up sick and are being treated inspectors who are supposed to for mental disorders. The problem check for repairs needed in the is stemmed in bad housing, which house, The pigs are the biggest finds its source in a system which is so_ wicked and low-lifed, that it has no concern for human existence, Lead poisoning comes from paint which is so old it peels off the bad housing and littlebrothers andsisters between the ages of one and six eat the paint because it tastes sweet (paint containing lead is the cheapest paint that can be bought) Point No, 4 of the Black Panther Party's Platform and Program; We want decent housing fit for the shelter of human beings The people of the community have complained to the so-called housing authorities about the polsonous paint, but these fascist pigs oink, ‘*Teach your ‘children not to put things in thelr mouths’’, The pigs always haw a way of shifting the blame, always the victim of an un- provoked attack. One sister whom | met and spoke to, who is also hypocrites and law-breakers tn so- clety, Mrs. Glasper the beautiful person The part time physician out of naivete or his sense ofpowerless. ness will look the other way when his facility is used, as it often is, as a punishment section by disciplinary staff. The whole med-— ical ritual and its apparatus ts significant in this connection, The institutional staff maintains its rel- ative position from the institutional — inmate by various means, Baggy prison uniforms, strange hair ome) institutional numbers rather than names, mild personal assaults (searches, frisking, confiscation of property, censorship of mail) all become means of clearly marking off staff from inmate and the inmate fully consclous of his place. a. AT TIMES AN UNRULY INMATE requires more direct physical as- saults on his person and these often take place in the hospital. One of the- punishment facilities in a near-_ by penitentary is called the ‘‘deten- tion hospital’. : A brief newspaper scandal last year involved charges of a ‘‘goon squad" that operated out of the hos- pital in a downstate penitentary, ‘goon squad’! consisted of inmate nurses whose main function was to beat up rebellious prisoners who were transferred to the ; for that purpose. 4 a Most services to prisoners are extraordinarily poor. They are poor — because prisons by definition are outside of public view and have very — low priority on everybody's list, — They are poor because most insti- tutional health services are poor. They are poor because the medi. cal profession as represented by prison doctors has been badly com- promised and subordinatedtothese- curity paranoia of the wardens, They are poor because they are expected . to function in the midst of ing health and sanitation _ And they are poor for all these — reasons because they are genera ly viewed with contempt by their — consumers, the inmates, = CHURCHILL ts quoted as saying “The advancement of a < ‘s civilization can be gauged by the treatment that country gives to of- fenders against its laws,'* wy was a bit more blunt: ‘You'll never know what kind of country you live in until you've served time in one of its prisons,”* ae Insofar as these propositions are true, prisons provide an Index to the quality of life in a free com- munity; and without question the health services of a prison canpro- vide an index to the quality of life in the prison, ji Father Taylor ts executivedirec-— tor of St. Leonard’ s House, a Chicago agency serving released prisoners, (Reprinted from Health Rights News, ‘ August 1969) i 3 2 authorities to go Into houses and test for lead; they’ ve gone out and stood guard at the sisters homes who've been harrassed by the pigs for filing complaints because of lead found in their homes, The people are tired of this treatment and they're moving on this, The Black Panther Party has been Involved of whom I speak, ts a welfare re- in this from the beginning andwe're ciplent, and has seven chilren, five going to keep on serving the people, of her young warriors had lead pol- soning, The effect of this lead pol- THE PEOPLE HAVE NOTHING soning Will not be detectable in the wETHOUF OA PEOPLES ARMY- young brothers and sistersuntilthey THE PEOPLES ARMY RAS get older (then defects will be d@- NOTHING WITHOUT THE Pra. tected by the childrens’ develop- py rc 5 ment), After speaking to manyother people in the area and conducting > <u investigation, I've found that most Tinea Oe Pas BSOPLE of the houses are coated with paint pREE BOBBY? containing high contents of lead FREE ALL POLITICAL PRISON. The people in the community ERs became aware of what was hap- : STRONG’ pening in their community, cu ahSe they started tomove onthe system, They formed a group called CITI ZENS AGAINST LEAD POISON they've had press conferences, meetings, formed thelr own housing Rosco New Haven Branch, Black Panther Party “Sy lifting their hands against Larry, they lifted their hands a- gainst the best that humanity pos- Sesses,"" Larry Roberson, Chicago Black Panther, was murdered by paid mercenaries--the “Chicago police’--PiIGS who wounded him in @ shoot-out’ on July 14 and then Placed him tn Cook County Hospital, a known slaugiter-house, where he where he died Thursday, Seprember 4, 199, On the morning of July I4, Larry, 20, and Party comrade Grady “Slim” Moore came out of a res- taurant at 6)0 California Ave, where they had eaten breakfast. Once out- side, Larry and Slim noticed the pigs harassing people about the so- called ‘‘robbery"’ of that sameres- taurant. Pointing out that no rob- bery had taken pluce and thar the rights of the people should be re- spected, Larry pursued an argu- tment with the pigs..Going into a frenzied rage because of his state- ments, finding out that he and Slim were Black Panthers, and then threatening to kill them, the pigs pulled out their guns and started shooting, wounding Larry in the’ Stomach, Slim was not wounded, De- termined to defend himself even af- ter being shot, Larry managedtoget ‘his gun out and wound two of the attacking maniacs, ___ Both Larry and Slim were arrest- ed and charged with robbery and at- tempted murder, though norobbery had taken place. Larry was also charged with illegal possessionof a weapon. Slim was taken to jail, and ht was taken to the County Hos- _ pital. (Numerous studies, reports, and cases indicate the poor medical attention given at this hospital, Be- cause the service is free, the hos- _ pital’s majority of patients are poor le who have continuously pro- ‘tested the bad conditions. Even so, the cries against this slaughter- house have been largely ignored). Larry's mother and lawyer were the only visitors that he was allowed to see while in the hospital. Trying ‘to weaken his revolutionary spirit, guards told him thatthe Party cared nothing about hit and had forgot- ten him, He never received mail that was sent to him from his comrades, Every effort was made to weaken his will and his body. Thus, Larry was not simply killed; he was over- killed. Distorting as usual, media would have us belleve thar Larry was 4 criminal , eventhough he was never tried for any crime and WAS NEVER GUILTY of any crime, This Larry who they cast all kinds of suspicions on is the Same Larry who worked on the the news Breakfast for Children Program, feeding the hungry, who worked to open the People’s Health Clinic which will give free medical ar- LARRY ROBERSON tention to the sick, and who dedicat- ed his life to serving the people. It's an insult to the vilest degree to la- bel such a person a ‘'criminal’’ or a “*gangster’’, when he was the high- est that any of us can be-=a ‘‘servant of the people.”’ Because we protest the oppres- sion under which Black and other oppressed people live, members of the Black Panther Party have been THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 19%9 PAGE 5 REVOLUTIONARY MURDERED tion, and murder, perpetrated by pigs under the direction of the pow- er structure, Understand that it was not one or two individuals that murdered Larry, but a system--a captralis- tic system that exploits the many for benefit of a few and that erushes those that are powerless and those who protest. Understand that this country has become 4 po- lice state and that it permits people such as Larry to be murdered by so-called ‘protectors.’ Under- stand that this is nothing but a mani- festation of the fascist trend that this country is taking, But lastly, understand that Larry was, as Illi- nois Deputy Chairman Fred Hamp- ton is: *‘too revolutionarily prole- tarian intoxicated to be astronom- ically intimidared,”* the It doesn't shock us to read that every day, every hour, every minute men die, because death is a state all of us will encounter, How it is encountered plays a significant part in how we will react to it. Thus, natural death or death caused by disease hasn't the same effect onus as death resulting from murder, The difference being that natural death and death from disease are uncontrollable, i.e. we haven't de- veloped the medical know-how to combat them. But murder causes a sensation of horror, because it is controllable; it doesn’t have to happen, This country’s legal system, sup- posedly set up to control such peo- ple as murderers, is in fact not controlling them, but sanctioning them. Larry's death was controllable. Why? Because if the people had the power they were suppose to have, they would see to it that mur- derers be taken off the streets. Fas- cist elements, like the pigs who killed Larry, would never in the first place have been hired to “dominate and destroy" (‘protect and serve"’ has become a mockery). victims of harassment, brutaliza- And unless we seize the power that Pig Doctors is rightfully ours, we will always be and destroyed; we will which we could dominated lament about that have controlled, The Black Panther Party is fight- ing like Larry fought to see thatthe people have the power that isright- fully theirs, and that they not be victims of human vultures (such as the vulture that killed Larry). Just as man is more powerful and can destroy animal vultures, then human vultures must realize that there is a power greater than they--the people—that even though they now soar high and strike at innocent prey, they are controllable and can be shot down, They canbe shot down because the people can demand Point No, 7 of the Black Panther Party's Ten Point Program: ‘*We want an immediate end to police brutality and murder of Black people."’ Larry is gone now, Soon the soil will cover the once breathingrevo- F lutionary whose last breath was in ¢, service to the people, Thus, the soll will enclose and encase him, but not his revolutionary spirit, be- cause it is not measurable or con- fineable, cannot be destroyed, It cannot be buried, Larry's spirit will be in our midst as long as there are oppressors and oppressed, ty- rants and subjects, persecutors and victims. His spirit will be there In- spiring us to give all that we have— our lives, if necessary--so that a new day dawns. For at Larry’s death, 100 have risen to take his place and to fight as he fought, One hundred have come to the realization as we must all come to the realization, that: *‘Only on the bones of the oppressor can the people’s freedom be founded; only the blood of the oppressor can fertilize the soil for the people’s self-rule."’ All Power to the People Panther Power to the Vanguard Long Live the Revolutionary Spirir Bobby's Poem Uncle Sammy called us full of Lucifer But we're calling him Lucifer for burning Us. That's the beginning as to why we Don’t give a good engle-eyed Mc- “legal Tyipolawneeny, damn. So, All you ‘ools Who think you are looking at the Geek ec Might as well go and get your money back For that ticket you Got from Uncle Sammy and call him a pig Define this bastard for a better conscious So that you wont continue acting like a freak Gestapo dog. Just relate to the fact that You must pick up the gun to survive. Everyone knows That many of you Bastards con- tribute to Tax-deductable charity organiza=" tions at So-called Superman Lynching Baines has set up. Burn Baby Burn was the beginning cry that Depicts to all you freakish fools the level of Our consciousness, Sing the song “Fuck"® Mickey Mouse Ronald Reagan"’ daily and as Human Beings challenge the whole racist Exploitative Government to a duel. Because if we had the Ear phones for you to wear to be told what to : Do we would damn sure put that in your EARS BOBBY SEALE, CHAIRMAN BLACK PANTHER PARTY and Pig Police Murdered Larry Roberson _ Comrades as I wrote the article Larry Roberson. Larry was shot in “Medical Care in the Illinols Pri- a shoot out by Daley's fascist storm sons,’’ Larry Roberson brother, troopers, Larry also while lying warrior, Panther died in the pigs’ wounded on the ground shot two of hospital security ward, Larry had the oppressors, fascist storm tro- been shot July 16, 1969, our last opers. report was that he was in very good condition and that he was sending To Larry we say: a@ message for the Panthers tocon- This is to the man who tinue the struggle. September 6,1969 tried and died, saying, Larry suddenly died of un-announced I am a Revolutionary! causes, I'm not going to spend much time on Larry but I will state that Bobby Lee if you know Fred Hampton, Huey Field Secretary Newton, Eldridge Cleaver, or Bobby I}, Chapter Seale, then you damn sure know lived, GEORGIA WOMAN RETURNS FLAG A mother in Georgia, embittered by her son's death in Vietnam, has sent the American flag from her son's coffin to President Nixon. Mrs, Miles Stewart, a businesswomen in Warner Robbins, Ga.; included a letter to the President which said, “| do not want a flag which represents a country which is sacrificing her young men as this one is doing.” Pvt. Wayne Stewart, 22, was killed in combat last April. Mrs. Stewart has been writing to congressmen and military authorities, but she has only received cold replies. A previous letter to the President got no response. This time Mrs, Stewert said, “! hate the flag for what it stands for in Vietnam—the murder of our young men. But | love it for what it is supposed to stand for.” Reprinted from GUARDIAN ~& SS =| “e en o-—_ A En, Ca FASCIST Ries PRESENTS: HUTTON IS ON THE BLOOD OF THE RYSE AND FALL OF | BORAXO WILL | CONTROL THE BY BLOOD BROTHER. THE BLACK PANTHER | [7 50% AT YOUR HANDS, as PIG OF PIGS... THE EL | BLOOD OF ‘LIL BOBBY UTIONARIES AND THE " BLoop oF STREET PECFLE.” AWAY THE MEMORY OF THE PEOPLE, OR THE TRUTH. YOU ARE THE MIDOLEMAN, PUNK — THE CAPITALISTS CONTROL YOu, AND YoU BUT THE PEOPLE ARE +1 HIP TO YOUR OPPRESSIVE GAME, PIGMONGER, AND THE PEOPLE WILL CUT OUT _ THE MIDDLEMAN JUST AS SURELY AS YOUR POWER STRUCTURE CRUMBLES BY THE ” DAY, AND YOUR ONLY VICTORY WILL BE A PHYRRIC VICTORY, WANTED THEM— RE VOL-— NOT WASH TOR YES, MiCKEY MOUSE, YOU Orme ARE THE REAL FUGITIVE ae fio FROM JUSTICE -- THE PECPLE/S JUSTICE. ANC THE PEOPLE Wilt PREVAIL! POWER TO THE PEOPLE PERISH THE PIGS “> 6B, FOR: MURDER, EXTORTION, KIDNAP, FRAUD, GRAND LARCENY, ANC OTHER CRIMES AGAINST THE WARNING: This PEOPLE. ROPENT iS mh THR COoMPAN OF ARMED PIGS BA SOULE. o PIGS... THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1969 PAGE 6 INTERVIEW WITH BiG MAN MANAGING EDITOR BLACK PANTHER PAPER Reprinted from STRAIGHT BIG MAN, Managing Editor of the Black Panth- er newapaper and Deputy Minteter of Information in the Black Panther Party, talke to Dan MeLeod of the STRAIGHT at the Underground Media Confer- ence on July tl in Ann Arbor, Michigan. STRAIGHT: What do you think of michael putting down Eldridge associating with white radicals? BIG MAN: I hate to deviate from what our Chief of Staff says, but Stokeley, at the time he was in the Party (as Honorary Prime Minister)... didn't become well politically educated. Even Eldridge's writings and Huey's writings say that it's necessary for revolution in the black colony, that there should also be revolution in the white mother country. And we've learned from Eldridge to form coalitions——meaningful and working coalitions—with different white radicals...the Peace and Freedom Party, etc. There's not that much difference between our Struggle and anyone else's struggle here in Babylon, becausé we're fighting the same mon- sters: Capitalism which, teamed with racism breeds fascism, STRAIGHT: Why do you tell pigs? BIG MAN: We always advocate self-defense, Peop- le have a right to defend themselves. That's why, when Huey started the Party, he said that there should be a shotqun——which is a legal weapon——in everyone's home for self-defense, He took into account the fact of the St. Valen- tine's-Day Massacre back in the '20s in Chicago when men in policemen's uniforms masquerading as policemen, entered this garage and murdered a number of men, So we say that anyone who rushes into your home acting in the manner of an outlaw deserves to be treated in the manner of an outlaw. The people have a perfect right to self defense. If there's a nig in the comm- unity who's misusing the people and acting in the manner of an outlaw, the people have a right to live, and therefore they have a right to defend themselves in order to live. Stokeley Car- Cleaver for people to kill the Big Man, Mg, Edt,, The Black Panther STRAIGHT: Do you usually brand all policemen as pios, or just a specific few? How about the ones who are trying to channe the system from within? BIG MAN: In our community, the way we're treat- ed by the so-called peace officers, they act in the manner of a pig, so therefore we classify them as a pig. ! don't see any revolutionary police officers so-called trying to change their police system, because they're only real- ly 8 tool of the real culprit: the demagogic politician, the lying politician, and the avaricious greedy husinessman, And the fascist pigs only back up the policies set forth by these tools. STRAIGHT: ‘Whenever I get arrested | try to ex- plain to the police that it's the system that's controlling them, and some of them realize that and I think it's chanaing to som extent, But PIGS RAID MEDIA CONFERENCE ANN ARBOR (LNS)--Thirty Ann Arbour cops and men from the Washtenaw County Sheriff's office in- vaded the Radical Media Conference held at a hilltop house July 12. A small group of officers had sham up at first, ostensibly looking for a girl who had been busted for possession a few days before and then was released on bail, They were denied entrance by a conference security guard, Ten minutes later, carloads more of them appeared, and one by one they ‘emerged through the trees, coming from almost every direction, Fifty people who had been enjoying the after- noon sun and rapping about a closer commumicat- ions network between the larger revolutionary papers, stood around a little dazed after the invasion, Som le speculated that the cops had come Toone for a shootout with the "hippies," an idea that might have come: to them after not- ing the armed guard at the bottom of the hill. In light of the street fighting in this small Michigan city a few weeks before, and in view of the absurd claim by the county sheriff that local radicals might have killed the six girls mirdered in the area recently (the idea being that they would then have sham up the sheriff as an incompetant for not solving the Crimes), the theory of the shootout seemed pla- Sible. The the radical media people were not bent on camape, so they took it easy. The eventually relaxed too; some of them began look- ing over the hundreds of underground papers ly- ing all over the place. Meanwhile, the rest of the pigs searched the house, ostensibly for the girl who had been busted, After half an hour, the gendarmes got ready 19 leave. One of them flashed a V-sign as he de- paxted. The conference people booed him loudly as t.ey stood watching the hill. that's in Canada, you're up against. BIG MAN: But even so it relates to a class struggle; it's the opnressed against the opp- ressor, no matter where it is. And all over the world the police control the interests of the avaricious businessman and demagogic politician And whether it's an army in India or in South- east Asia, they're all one and the same, STRAIGHT: ithat do you think of this conference; do you think it's not nearly as together as it should be? BIG MAN: Definitely. Because the people here— I don't know whether it's the lack of political education or what——but they seem to be trying to separate politics from the situations that they're ety about. Like they say we want to talk about politics one day, and then the next day we want to talk about power to get legal aid for the opnression that's going down for the different papers that are busted down by the pigs. But how can you separate politics from that— that ¢e political. STRAIGHT: You're the closest paper to being truly underqround, aren't you? BIG MAN: No, I would say, with the Black Pan- ther Party, there is no underground, We're just the opposite. I don't know what specifies being underground really in the press because our paper is definitely above the ground, as is the Party. Because we can't educate the people by being underground, Underground to us is like somebody sending letters out into the night and not being available to talk to the masses of the people. I would say that these papers (at the conference) are not really underground. They‘re talking about distribution and circula- tion and newsstands and vending machines, shit like that... STRAIGHT: Have you experienced repression of your paper on the local and national level? BIG MAN: Yes, most definitely. We've sent papers out on TWA and United and when the pap- ers were recefvéd our brothers would open up the package and the papers are soaking wet. This happened specifically with the issue we did on Malcolm X—a tribute to Malcolm X's birthday——those papers. that were sent to Harlem, about 5,000 were totally destroyed. We've had word from the inside, that som- times when we get to press late and our paper comes off at 12 o'clock at night, that bundles which is different from what of papers have been ripped off and taken away by FBI agents. The printer himself has had people quit... Peonle have com around, talked to all of fits staff—tynesetters, etc.— and they've quit. He's had tynesetters who claim they quit be- cause they didn't want to typeset some of our material because of the content of tt. STRAIGHT: Then you oot som Justiwriters from the (San Francisco) GOOD TIMES? BIG MAN: Yeah, The GOOD TIMES gave us their Justiwriters and we were able to deal with that situation, ° STRAIGHT: Have you ever been busted for any- Sera. 2 ~~? o. are. o — thing you've printed in your paper, like libel? BIG MAN: No, We've never been busted because everything we print is political and {s rele- vant to what's happening. We imagine it to be coming up soon though, with the McLelland Comm- ission and J, Edgar Hoover on the rampage such as they are. I would imagine that smashing papers will be coming up in the future as opp- ressive measures by these pigs. STRAIGHT: We got busted for libelling a magist- rate in Vancouver and got ‘convicted. They didn't give us the right to appeal so we lost and had to pay a $1500 fine. We've also been busted a number of times for obscenity, and bane 17 charges against us now for different ngs... BIG MAN: I don't know what the policy fs in Vancouver, Canada, but in America other so-cal- led underground newspapers have been meeting this repression and we think that freedom of the press is a farce, STRAIGHT: What would you like to see come out of this conference? BIG MAN: Well, as a revolutionary man I would like to see all these people, since they're supposed to be opposed to the system, to try to establish some kind of union and lay down some principles in opposing the system and stop being what I term to be cultural nationalists, +«sMy paper is almost completely divorced from what the other papers are doing. JACK BURGESS (L.A, FREE PRESS): I don't think they're completely divorced from what you're doing man, 1 think the other papers are app- roaching what you're dofng from another angle, from another point of view, BIG MAN: The reason I said that, man, is be- cause of Huey's teachings and what I've learned: In this particular situation in order for the revolution to be successful——there ty a revol- ution in the black colony being led by us, and the whole country as a matter of fact {s being led by us——but there has also aot to be revol~ ution {in the white mother country. And the reason I don't deal with any of that shit, man, is because we as an organization are on the verge of being wiped out very quickly. And I don't engage in that shit because I don't have any time for it, This shit is deathly serfous to us. Because day to day 1 don't know whether we're going to put out another paper, or they're going to bomb the of ffce——because they know that S where the central work on {t is at——or we're going to get picked Up on \the Street, or whether I'm qoing to get shot in the back. STRAIGHT: mat of things do you exnose in your paper——the city government, For ex e? BIG MAN: Yes, definitely, That's why the pigs are very reluctant to attack us in Berkeley or Oakland now, because we made every thing—every fuck-up that they've made—political, So they kind of stay away from us, just waiting really to get their shit together and be able to just~ ify what they do to us to the bi like to kf) us all, aie” Ve tian ate Py -_ a epee oe Sapo eS zs Bs i in APPEAL EDITOR'S NOTE: The following article ts taken from the appeal pre- pared by the attorneys defending Huey P. Newton, Min- ister of Defense of the Black Panther Party, Huey's attorneys have moved to have the case reviewed by the Court of Appeals of the State of California, The Black Panther News Paper will print the appeal in part--every week to give the people all the facts as to why Hoey P Newton should be set free immediately, eh OOO _ — The evidence introduced herein (by Blake, Blauner, Hunter, Dizard, etc., and by the defendant himself) estab- lshes an identifiable minority of the black poor in Alameda County, culturally distinct in West Oakland, but existing throughout the United States. Neither inclusion of a token Negro professional nor tnclusion of the white poor (and all Negroes and all poor were systematically underrepre- sented by the processes used here) mitigates the fact of the total exclusion of this identifiable minority, The identifiable minorities of Negroes and poor black persons (herein West Oakland residents) were systemati- eally,underrepresented by use of the voter registration lists and by the practice of making up the working panel of those who responded to a mailing to the address of last registration. The master panel was unconstitutlonally dis- criminative by virtue of the significant underrepresentation of the voter registration lists alone, regardless of the reason for low Negro registration and high Negro tran- sience, But, in addition, the factors of qualification, desire and feasibility of registering to vote and maintaining a perma- nent residence are not neutral to racial origin, The prose- ‘cution introduced no evidence, (33) and none is available to dispute Messinger’s testimony herein that (R.T. 273): “. . . The use of the voters roll as a universe from which to draw the voters’ names, including the initial that Mr. Schnarr (Alameda County Jury Commissioner) uses to get the names from the voters roll tends to insure a biased pane], I would further Suggest that the methods he uses thereafter toassem- the persons belonging to the names, so to speak, further biases the panel so that it is doubly the case, just singly that poor persons and black persons eliminated from Alameda County juries. . .” not are opposition to the motion and evidence in support to quash the venire, the prosecution referred selected portions of the Federal Jury Selection 9-40), and offered only the testimony of the Cakland-Piedmont Municipal Court that said also used the voter registration list as the sole source of trial jurors (R.T. 239), Defendant put the Jury Act into evidence (RT. 241), END FOOTNOTE All recent studies confirm the testimony of Professors Dizard, Hunter, Messinger, Blauner and Blake in this case, ‘and of the findings of the authors cited in defendant's ‘Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of the Motion to Quash the Venire that Negroes (and poor peo- ple) are substantially underrepresented in voter registra- tion rolls, and that this underrepresentation Is related to factors not ‘‘neutral’’ with respect to racial discrimination ‘and economic pressures, See, e.g., a recent study of the ‘problem by C.A, Lindquist, in ‘An Analysis of Juror Selection Procedure in .the United States District Courts,’ 41 Temple L.Q. 32 (1967), wherein the writer analyzes the fact that in 1964, out of a voting age population throughout the nation of 114 million, about 80 million were registered. Residence requirements were the most severe legal restric- tion upon registration, resulting in an estimated 8 million disenfranchised in 1960. A large proportion of these were from lower class, cultural minorities, suchas migrant farm workers or southern blacks who had recently immigrated to northern cities. Intimidation and apathy, which are also related to racial and socio-economic factors, were largely responsible for the remaining failures to register. Lindquist expressed great doubt that voter registration lists without supple- mentation were capable of producing representative juries in view of the fact that the 30 million people excluded from the voter registration lists, adisproportionate number were members of the lowest socio-economic strata of society, Whether or not the factors which account for low Negro registration may be attributed to historic and/or continu- ing discrimination, or economic pressures affecting tran- sience, or even, arguendo, laziness or hostility, no operative factor--even the deliberate mechanism of not registering to vote in order to avoid jury service--can be deemed suffi- cient to deprive the defendant of his constitutional right to a jury representative of the community and drawn from a random sample of the community. The Constitution guarantees, not a trial by those Inter- ested in voting or serving on juries, but a jury drawn from the entire community, including the apathetic, the disillu- sioned, the selfish, the lazy Presumably, the state would not argue that poverty levels are ‘neutral’ with respect to race, nor dispute that in restricting and substantially underrepresenting the poor’ s service on jury venires and juries, black people are further systematically excluded. Because poverty Is so much more widespread among blacks than among whites and becatise blacks are still concentrated in and restricted to low-paying, unskilled jobs, any set of selection standards which eliminates the poor, blue collar workers largely ellm- inates Negroes, (34) : : g a FOOTNOTE (34) Thus, Negro family incomes were about 56" of white incomes in 1964, compared with 53% In 1961-63; Negro earnings are so 10w that, regardless of whether Negroes THE BLACK are employed, unemployed, or out of the labor force, their incomes fall within a narrow range at a low level. A much larger proportion of non-white than white families had incomes under $3,000 in 1964, even though a much larger percentage of non-white families had more than one earner The extensive effort of the Negro family to ensure its ; security meets not only discriminatory hiring practices, « but also the situation that many of the occupations and ; industries in which Negroes are numerous have a large * degree of seasonality and high unemployment, even in generally, About 40% of non- of white families, wer times of high employment white families, compared to 12 poor in 1964 U.S Department of Labor, The Negroes in the United . . cial Situation, 35-36 ‘ . . Bartlett, Employment, Race and Poverty (Ross & Hill, 1967 Ed.); M. Harrington, The Other America (1962). See, also, Kerner Report (1968): ‘Although there have been gains In Negro income nationally, and a decline in the number of Negroes below the ‘poverty level’ the condition of Negroes in the central city remains in a state of crisis... ‘‘Employment is a key problem . . . despite con- tinulng economic growth and declining national unem- ployment rates, the unemployment rate for Negroes in 1967 was more than double that for whites, .. ‘Negro men are more than three times as likely as white men to be in low-paying, unskilledor service jobs, This concentration of male Negro employment at the lowest end of the occupational scale is the single most important cause of poverty among Negroes,’’ (page 13) b, ABUSE OF PEREMPTORY CHALLENGE TO ACHIEVE AN OTHERWISE CONSTITUTIONALLY PERMISSIBLE RE- SULT One Negro juror, a bank loan officer, remained on the trial jury and became the foreman (RT. 1320), The prose- cution's systematic peremptory challenge of every black person but one from the jury and of every black person from the alternatesviolatedhe plainly expressed policy of the United States Supreme Court, the California Supreme Court, and the public policy of the United States and of the State of California. - The California Supreme Court has recognized the pos- sibility that: (A) prosecutor would abuse the high responsiblities of his office by employing peremptory challenges to accomplish an otherwise constitutionally impermis- sible result....’ People v, Sears, 70 A, C. 485, 500 (1969) While such an abuse should not be assumed, it must be identified and prohibited when the total facts and circum- stances lead to the logical and reasonable inference that the district attorney had a conscious intent, and exercised the peremptory challenge pursuant to that conscious intent, to exclude black people as a group or category from the jury. People v, Smith, et al., Superior Court of Alameda County, No, 42219 (July 1968) In the Smith case, which came totrial in the same Supe- rior Court just a few weeks before the trial in the instant case, Judge George Phillips declared a mistrial where the district attorney had exercised 26 peremptory challenges, the majority of which were against non-whites, and, in fact, excluded all non-whites sitting as part of the prospective jury, Judge Phillips held that these facts and circumstances were such as to logically and reasonably lead to the infer- ence of a conscious intent on the partof the district attor- ney to exclude non-whites as a group or category from the jury The intentional use of the peremptory challenge In the instant case had the practical effect, as it had in Smith, of impaneling a jury not representing the consclence of the community, If it be assumed, arguendo, that by peremp- torily excusing all Negroes from the trial jury herein the district attorney's use of the peremptory would have fallen under the rule of People v, Smith, his sparing of one Negro bank officer cannot save an otherwise unconstitutional practice, Thus, it Is not only despite, but even because of, the PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1969 PAGE 7 prosecution’ssparing of the one Negro bank officer--with the decision of People v, Smith only a few weeks old--in conjuncion with its total elimination of all other black people, that the inference ts compelled as to theprosecu- tlon’ s conscious Intent to achieve a jury not representative of the community. The court in Smith described the prejudice resulting from a class exclusion on the basis of race as ‘‘not.,. subject to precise measurement,..(being)so subtle, so intangible that it escapes the ordinary methods of proof,"’ The same prejudice remains, and did remain here, when all but one Negro were excluded from the trial jury. The situation obtaining herein when the one Negro was left on on jury was identical with that described in Smith, as ows: ‘(An impartial jury) must represent a cross section of the conscience of the community, thatis, it must be impartially drawn from across section of the commu- nity without systematic and intentional exclusion of some qualified groups or categories of citizens.,.. ‘*., (A) elements of society (must) have an equal chance of being a part of the random sample of the cross section of the community, to wit, the final jury selected,’’ (Emphasis the court's.) The use of the peremptory challenge by the district attorney here, notwithstanding the fact that one Negro juror remained, showed a distinct prejudgment as to groups and categories of citizens which were, inhis opinion, qualified to serve as jurors and those which were not. The result of sucha categorical use ofthe peremptory challenge destroyed the representativeness of the random sample of the conscience of the community. Although the procedure of peremptory challenge ts formally authorized by Cali- fornia Penal Code section 1069, providing that no reason ‘need’ be given, neither a proper Interpretation of the section nor the Constitution permits abuse of this proce- dure through a conscious intent to exclude--totally or with one token exception--a class, category, or sub-community of the whole community, The exclusion of all Negroes but one from the defend- ant’s jury, and the exclusion of all Negroes and minority group persons from the alternates, created anatmosphere in which fair play and substantial justice fell victim, an atmosphere In direct disregard of the requirement that a broad cross section of persons be represented upona crim- inal juries, People v, Diaz, 105 C A.2d 690 (1951); Call- fornia Penal Code section 1078; People v. Hines, 12 Cal, 2d 535 (1939) ? Use of the peremptory challenge to exclude all but one black person from the jury violates an affirmative duty not to discriminate recognized:by federal statute (8 U.S.C_A 243 (1948))and the Supreme Court. See Avery v, Georgia, 345 U.S 559, 73 S, Ct. 891 (1953), supra, reversing a con- viction where the jury Was obtained bya process excluding Negroes by means of colored cards, TheCourtthere stated that the state jury commissioners and other officials in- volved in the selection process; ‘were under a constitutional duty to follow a pro- cedure--'a course of conduct’ --which would not oper- ate to discriminate inthe selection of jurorson racial grounds,’ '' (345 U.§ at 561) CONT. NEXT ISSUE a — THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1969 PAGE 8 Gi CONFERENCE NOVEMBER 13 TO PUT BRASS ON TRIAL — By CHARLES HIGHTOWER “shes CST eee ‘yao ne NEW YORK, Aug. 13 — While the Pentagon contin- ues its frantic efforts to crush GI resistance to the Vietnam war and racism, the GI movement is putting the military establishment on trial. The organizing work inside mil- itary bases by such organizations as the American Servicemen’s Union and the GI Defense Organ- ization has ruptured the iron- tight control over the minds of rank-and-file Gls. And rebellions by prisoners in post stockades and by black and Puerto Rican enlisted men have created a new era in the struggle. A national conference on GI rights will be held in Washing- ton Nov. 13-16, it was announced by the GI Defense Organization in a planning session held last week in Chicago Pvt. Joe Miles of Ft. Bragg. N.C, a black GI who helped found the organization called. GIs United Against The War In Vietnam, is a member of the steering committee for the con- ference. Proposals expected to be con- sidered at this national meeting include the guarantee of freedom of speech for GIs. freedom: of the press and assembly, due process rights to servicemen. and legislation to enforce the pro- hibition against cruel and unusu- al punishment by the officers’ caste and their agents. Appeal to labor The American Servicemen’s Union has asked organized labor fo support the GI movement Brochures distributed at factory gates by ASU members ask work- ers: ‘Would you work for less than $4.00 a day? Would vou submit to a system under which a boss could put you in jail for not saying. ‘Sir. to him?” “Would you handle deadly chemicals, poisons, plague germs. forcing them upon people — wo- men and children — just because the boss told you it was all right and in fact, ordered you to do it?” “You would do all these things and more if you were a GI in the non-union U.S. Army. Navy. or Marines today.’ the ASU state- ment told workers, “that is. you would unless you were organiz- ing a rank-and-file opposition to the brass like the American Ser- vicemen’s Union ts doing.” American Servicemen’s Union program WE DEMAND THE RIGHT OF COLLEC- TIVE BARGAINING. Union representatives of the enlisted men must have the right to meet with today's dic- tatorial officers and tell them what the men want. The present Hitler-type regulations for- bid this and call it mutiny. Such regulations must go. WE DEMAND ELECTION OF OFFICERS BY VOTE OF THE MEN Workers elect union leaders, from steward to president, but we GIs have utterly no oppor- tunity to pass on the merits of the military leaders who have power of life and death over us. The soldiers in the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam elect their own offi- cers. What's wrong with American Gls elect- ing theirs? United States officers should not only be elected. but subject to recall at any time by majority vote. We demand election of officers by the vote of the men in their com- mand. WE DEMAND AN END TO SALUTING AND SIRRING OF OFFICERS We believe compulsory saluting and sir- ring of officers is degrading to Gls. This show of obedience is required to create an atmos phere of subservience to the dictatorial orders of the officers. Few civilians realize that men are constantly being court-martialed and often , given prison sentences for leaving out the WE DEMAND FEDERAL MINIMUM WAGES We demand an end to a wage system where we get pennies an hour while the banker gen- erals get $50,000 a year. We demand a wage system based on the needs of the enlisted men — pay by work, not rank. We demand an end to the impoverishment of enlisted men, which forces many of our brothers’ families to wel- fare while the generals’ families trip off to the Riviera. WE DEMAND AN END TO RACISM IN THE ARMED FORCES AND RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION FOR BLACK AND PUERTO RICAN PEOPLE We know that racism seeks to divide the oppressed enlisted men against one another in order to prevent unity in the fight against the Brass. We know that black and Spanish- speaking brothers are placed in the most dan- gerous assignments and suffer the highest casualty rates. We demand an end to the fill- ing of stockades with black and Spanish-speak- ing Gis who have refused to submit to the ra- cist attacks and insults imposed on them by the Brass. KKK crosses have been burned both here and in Vietnam. We believe that any- thing less than a head-on attack against white racism would cause the solidarity of white and black Gls in our union to break down and thus play into the hands of the Brass WE DEMAND RANK-AND-FILE CON- TROL OVER COURT-MARTIAL BOARDS please. the all-powerful officers sit in judgment over Gls. The Constitution guarantees the right of any person to be judged by a jury of his peers. In the Armed Services there has never been a GI of the rank of PFC or lower who has served on a court-martial board, and yet 90 percent of those court-martialed are PFC or lower. The vast majority of cases would not even be considered crimes in civilian life (and yet 95 percent are now being found guilty). If a GI must stand trial, let other GIs try him! WE DEMAND THE RIGHT OF FREE POLITICAL ASSOCIATION This freedom is guaranteed by the Constitu- tion. Gls have been harassed and court-mar- tialed on the basis of their associations alone. We believe that our association and organiza- tion is a matter of our survival — our life or death. The Brass associate with whom they please. We want to associate with whom we WE DEMAND THE RIGHT TO DISOBEY ILLEGAL ORDERS — LIKE ORDERS TO FIGHT IN VIETNAM We believe that no officer has the right to order us to fight and die in battles against our brothers, be they in Berkeley, Chicago, De- troit, Santo Domingo or Vietnam. The GIs have a right to decide where they want to die and what they want to die for We believe that "Sir™ in addressing the Brass We demand an end to the system whereby orders must serve the needs of the people. Persecution At Ft. Dix, N.J.. the brass com mand asked the FBI and Military Intelligence to investigate the Gis ‘involved in anti-war or- ganizing. A black Gl. Pvt. Henry Mills, and a white soldier, Pvt John Lewis, were closely associ- ated in ASU work on the base which included publication of a progressive newsweekly called, “The Special Processing Detach- ment News;" The Army brought courts-mar- tial charges against the two men Mills was convicted of absence without leave, after he missed a stockade formation, and of dis- obeying an officer who ordered him to, “sit down. boy.’ The black GI is now serving a sen- tence of six-months confinement at hard labor. Lewis was charged with as- Wisconsin’s anti-draft prisoners MILWAUKEE, Aug. 13—Twelve of the Milwaukee 14, convicted for the destruction of Selective Ser- vice records, are in the state pris- ons of Wisconsin on two-year sentences They can receive mail from anyone, though they are limited in the mail they can send out, They would appreciate hearing from readers of the Daily World or others Here are their names and prison addresses: Bob Graf Union Grove Farm Box 87 Union Grove, Wisconsin 53182 Fr. Anthony Mullaney Walworth Correctional Center Elkhorn, Wisconsin 53121 Br. K. Basil O'Leary Wisconsin School for Boys Wales Box WX Wales, Wisconsin 53183 Doug Marvy Wisconsin State Prison Box C Waupun, Wisconsin 53963 Fred Ojile Wisconsin State Reformatory Box WR Green Bay, Wisconsin 4305 Jim Forest Gordon Forestry Camp Gordon, Wisconsin 4838 Fr. Robert Cunnane Flambeau Forestry Camp Hawkins, Wisconsin 4530 Rev, Jon Higgenbotham and Don Cotton McNaughton Forestry Camp Lake Tomahawk, Wisconsin 4339 Fr. Al Janicke Oregon Farm Oregon, Wisconsin 53575 Fr. Jim Hamney and Fr. Larry Rosebaugh Wisconsin Correctional Inst Box 147 Fox Lake, Wisconsin 53933 Jerry Gardner St. Croix Camp Sandstone, Minnesota 55072 At Waupun State Prison, where Marvy is confined, the average inmate is 47 years old, and has been in prison before. He spends 16 hours of every day locked in a five-by-ten-foot cell. Sentences range from three to five years Many of the inmates are black while all of the guards are white country boys. There is a strong atmosphere of racism Inmates receive 40 cents per day for eight hours of work. On their release they cach receive $10 and a suit of clothes. The re- turn rate is 70 percent Reprinted from DAILY WORLD ANDY STAPP ASU natienal choirmon saulting an MP, with absence without leave, and with breach of the peace. He was convicted on Aug. 7 of absence and breach of the peace, and sentenced to forfeiture of $85 a month for a four-month period, without con finement. ‘Brass on trial” Henry DiSuvero, who defended both Mills and Lewis, empha- sized that what was really on trial was the brass, as repre sented py the commanding offi- cer of their company, Capt. Quen- tin Hunter. Hunter testified at Lewis’ court-martial trial he knew that Lewis and Mills were putting out the “SPD News” and added he wanted to get them for a long time for their anti-war activity. In a statement to the court be- fore sentence, Lewis said: “Sev- enteen percent of the deaths in Vietnam are black. This is way out of proportion. The entire in- fantry, which is forced to con- duct the war, is made up of blacks, Puerto Ricans. and the people who don’t have any color, the poor whites. the oppressed whites, who are forced into ser- ving because of economic rea- sons...1I know that this system of dog-eat-dog expects a person such as me (white), who was able to get a little college. to step on my brother to get ahead. But I don't seek to escape from my class, I cannot do this. I must stand with my class who are the oppressed.” Andy Stapp, national chairman of ASU, said his organization “strongly suspects that military goons have murdered a black GI, James Brigham, because they could not break down his opposi- tion to the war.’ A contrast with NLF Specialist Fourth-class Brigham was one of three Gls released by the NLF in South Vietnam on Jan. 1, 1969. He had stated that during his imprisonment by the Vietnamese he was “treated as an equal to others without racial discrimination. This I never saw in my home country, or in the U.S. Army.” said the GI, When Brigham was released, the US examining physician at Long Binh hospital, Lt. Col William Hammon, said the black GI was in “generally satisfactory to good condition.” But Brigham was taken to Wal- ter Reed Army Medical Center immediately after arriving in the U.S. On Jan. 9, the Army claims. he had "brain surgery.” He died on Jan. 17 “We suspect that the only ‘brain surgery’ dane on Jim Brig- ham was an effort to break him or silence him as they have man- aged to do with other returned prisoners who had made anti- war statements.” Stapp declared “And that MI (military intelli- gence) goons did not succeed: we suspect that they killed him in the process,” stated the ASU chairman Probe sought The ASU is seeking to investi- gate the death. with the assist- ance of private medical special t es - NOT QUITE EVERY WARHAWK WHO SUPPORTS THE WAR IN VIETNAM IS FROM THE CAPI- TOL, THE PENTAGON, OR WALL STREET, G,1,"S WITH FIXATIONS ON UNIFORMS, REG- ULATIONS, AND MURDER HAVE CIVILIAN COUNTER-PARTS, (NOTE NON-WHITE, JEW- ISH, CATHOLIC, OR COMMUNIST NEED NOT APPLY), WESTMORELAND'S RAILROAD Fort Dix A model GI, who guards at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier and who was awarded an ‘(American Spirit Honor Medal’’, is on his way to becoming a very well- known soldier. Sgt. Michael Sanders was singled out for a special interview in his hometown newspaper, the Louls- ville Courfer-Journal by the Pentagon, who expected him to live up to his ‘perfect soldier’ image--an inspiration to the folks back home. They were in for a surprise. ? When asked about his privileged job as special guard at the Tomb, On the afternoon of August 16, concerned citizens of San Fran- cisco, mostly members of the cler- #y made a visity to the U.S, Mar- shal’s Office demanding to knowthe whereabouts of Chairman Bobby Seale, The pig in charge told them that ordered not to disclose aid, was he was any information. This, he s for the protection of the prisoner and the deputies involved. He said that they would have to direct their questions to the District Attorney who he added, was not In his office at that time, Every one left ex- cept nine members of the clergy who refused to believe the words of the lying pix. Minutes later warrants for their arrests were issued from the US, Aaorney's Office, The nine ministers arrested were . Sanders said: ‘It's unfortunate when people see me here on duty that they will associate me with the Vietnam thing. I am very much opposed to our Vietnam Iinvolve- ment, and | think, so is prac- tically everyone else here. Other GIs on hand at the inter- view nodded in agreement, ac- cording to the N.Y, Post. Thi was too much for the Pen- tagon. Army Chief of Staff West- moreland went straight toSander's battalion commander and ordered Sanders to active combat duty In Vietnam. FROM SHAKEDOWN charged with trespassing. On behalf of the concerned citi- and the nine clergymen arrested, Rev. Cecil Williams stated the following demands and posed these questions (to all fas- cist pigs every concerned person has aright to know the answers: Zens responsible) to whict 1, Why had Bobby Seale been kid- napped7 2, Where is he? 3, Why is he being deprived of due process and refused legal counsel? 4. Why has he not been given the respect due to political leaders? 5. What is the state of his health and well-being? (This must be determined after he has been examined by a4 dGoctor approved by the 1,P.P,) THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1969 PAGE 9 MESSAGE TO THE PEACE MOVEMENT "WHERE THE CHOICE 1S SET BETWEEN COWARDICE AND VIOLENCE | WOULD ADVISE VIOLENCE. | PRAISE AND EXTOL THE SERENE COURAGE OF DYING WITHOUT KILL- ING. YET | DESIRE THAT THOSE WHO HAVE NOT THIS COURAGE SHOULD RATHER CULTIVATE THE ART OF KILLING AND BEING KILLED, THAN BASELY TO AVOID THE DANGER. THIS IS BECAUSE HE WHO RUNS AWAY COMMITS MENTALVIOLENCE; HE HAS NOT THE COURAGE OF FACING DEATH BY KILLING. | WOULD A THOUSAND TIMES PREFER VIOLENCE THAN THE EMASCULATION OF A WHOLE RACE.| PREFER TO USE ARMS IN DEFENCE OF HONOUR RATHER THAN REMAIN THE VILE WITNESS OF DISHONOUR,” -MAHATMA GANDHI: DECLARATION ON QUESTION OF THE USE OF VIOLENCE IN DEFENCE OF RIGHTS. (PUBLISHED GUARDIAN 16/12/38) SED BOUTELAD SHOE SiN These clergymen are of the com- munity, ministers and others in- cluded who just wanted to find out what is happening to the Peoples’ Chairman (which they have a right to know), This is just attack that will raise the consclous- of the People, People are becoming more aware OPEN another ness because the each day as the pigs continue to run amuck, The People involved don’t have iny- #e ait of JOB OPPORTUNITIES! NEGRO VETS PRE- ipa pepinnseny ee? Dek cpa FERRED,GOOD PAY, UNIFORMS, ANDSTATUS, shall Wednesday, August 17, at NO EXPERIENCE REQUIRED, EARLY DIS- either 8:80 oF 10:00 asm. on te CHARGE FROM SERVICE CAN PROBABLY BE é. * ~~ ARRANGED, MUST HAVE NATURAL TALENT ro THE PEOPLE FOR BROWN-NOSING AND BOOTLICKING, any legal counsel, as far as one knows at this time, They are being held In the county jail of \LL POWEI THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1969 PAGE 10 NATIONAL GUARD aaa BIAS REPORT GAG (FRED) The Illinois State govern- ment is trying to cover up reports of discrimination in the Illinois National Guard. The state is taking no steps to alleviate conditions re- ported in a study ordered by Gov. Otto Kerner in March 1968. That report has never been made public because neither inter- no black men,although many were from communities with large black populations, Of three hundred of- ficers, only thirty are black. De- spite this information, Attorney General William Scott recently submitted a report that said there was no discrimination between blacks andwhites in the guard and ON hung up on the reporter. None of the other Chicago papers covered the suppressed report. Brigadier General Raymond Watkins, who authored the suppressed report for Gov. Kemer, was contacted last week by two Chicago television stations for an interview regarding his findings. The interview was After. being out of the Army about im governor Sam Shapiro nor Gov. Richard Ogilvie felt obligated to a report not commissioned by them. The Daily Defender obtained the report and on june 28 published the documentation of discrimina- tiom: of nineteen guard units in 12 cities only two units had over six even if there were it would be il- then cancelled with the explana- legal to establish any quota or per- tion thatAttmy. Gen, Scott has re- centage method in apportioning vacancies between whites and blacks. When the Defender attempted to interview Scott on this nuling, he was vague, threatened the De- fender with an Investigation, and Meanwhile, black officers in the guard say there has been no change in guard policies since the original charges of discrimination were raised in 1968. black soldiers and nine units had Washington, D.C. (LNS) -- In 1964, the National Guard was called up five times. 3,100 soldiers of the state were sent /into action against the people in the streets. Last year the number of call-ups rose to 106 and involved 150,000 soldiers. In the first half of 1969, the Guard was called upthirtytimes, putting 24,100 Guardsmen against actions ranging from People's Park in Berkeley to Black rebellions across the country. Interviews in the US, News and World Report of June 30 indicate Clearly that the purpose of the Guard has shifted almost entirely from serving as a reserve force in time of foreign war, to a ready force to face and fight Americans at home, Another conception of the Guard has always been that it is pretty much a hometown bunch ready to cope with hometown emergencies. The fact that the Federal gov- ernment is moving to increase its share in funding the Guard from 900 million dollars a year to a 4 fused to appear to discuss his report. WHERE THE NATIONAL GUARD IS AT billion and a quarter suggests that the US has some serious ideas: about how it will use the Guard-+ not just to clean up after heavy rainstorms, The states themselves, around which the Guard Is organized, con- tributes only 55 million a year. Col. Robert B Riggs was quoted in ‘Army’ Magazine as saying, One trend Is self-evident; moetro- politian police cannot cope witheven disorganized violence when it reaches high proportions. Tomor- row, police and National Guardunits may not be able to cope with urban violence that is well organized," But in the meantime, the Guard is trying, In the District of Col- umbla, an expert’‘counter-sniper’’ has been assigned to every squad in the local guard, California has organized a complex airlift system to trouble spots. Ohio is fitting its copters with gus sprayers, and just about every state {s escalating the level of their technical counter- insurgency material. the White selections of places to go, always the convicted for refusing to figtt his three months, a thought arose itn my head: why should a majority of this nation carry the burden of wag- ing war on the oppressed people of Vietnam, For myself and a lot of my fellow brothers, we are at the top of the draft lists, and the vast majority of the time we are placed in Infantry to become pup- pets for this Imperialist Govern- ment, We have no say so about what we can and can't do. Being in the Army is a modified form of slavery, because the government says there is no discrimination in the Army, which ts amotherf E lie, The brass plays on racism to keep the Black brothers Isolated, They tell the White people that the Blacks are the cause of all their troubles in the Army. To prove this the Black people are the [ast to be promoted as far as rank goes, Also the majority of guysin Infantry are Black and we have a high ca- sualty rate in Nam, As for R & R's In Viet Nam, the Black brothers are always at the bottom of the waiting lst, so guys can get the best It ts Black Brother who ts revolutionary comrades in Vietnam, When we come back to the States we are the first to be reduced In rank, and also we get all thes---ty details; Ike K.P_, Guard Duty, and are put on restriction to the Com- pany Area, The uncle toms, boot- licking a-- niggers, which are com- monly called Wars, really make it hard for the together brothers, So I say to the brothers that are unlucky enough to be in the Army, {--k the Army, and the sorry a-- individuals diers, that are career sol- POWER TO THE PEOPLE Brother, Lionel Anderson “WHO SAYS | CAN'T MAKE IT IN CIVILIAN LIFE?“ NEW YORK (LNS) aspects of the Vietnamese war is that many GI's are returning with wounds far worse than those suffered in any previous war, A recent flight into Kelly Air Force Base in Texas, for example, brought back from Vietnam a load of young soldiers with burns over as much as 70% of their bodies. With months of care and plastic surgery, some may return to a semblance of normal living. But for many the price of survival will be to go through the rest of their lives badly mutilated. "We're saving them, but I don't know for what, '"' one Army medica! officer recently told a Wall Street Journal reporter, Although there is an increase in the percentage of soldiers who survive their wounds, the Army Surgeon General's office says that it's too early to make a "definitive assessment of the long-term effects of the more serious wounds, High-powered rifles are one cause of - —— Glory for the blast had his lower right arm blown off, was hit by 33 fragments in his other arm, and was burned over 60% of his body. Men burned over a large portion of their bodies seldom. survived in former wars. This was net usually a result of the burn itself but ot the onset of lethal bacteria known as Pseudomonas. Thanks to wonder drugs such as Sulfamylon, however, the number of of deaths as a result of this infection is greatly reduced, But no drug has yet reduced the muti- lation of someone who has survived extensive burn wounds. After being flown to Kelly Air Force Base, men are transported to the Army's burn unit, which is at nearby Brooke Army Hospital in San Antonio, One’ patient now in the burn unit is Peter, a 20-year-old Army Private. When he was injured in March, Peter was ina Sheridan tank, working as a loader for the n. ae were moving through a rubber plantation one afternoon when we were me of the grimmest THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1969 PAGE 11 WHAT’S IT LIKE TO BE WOUNDED? these more severe injuries, Bullets fired from the "burp guns" commonly used a- gainst the U.S, troops in the Korean war traveled at about 1,600 feet per second, but bullets fired from the Soviet AK-47 rifles being used against the U,S, forces in Vietnam travel at about 2,400 feet per second, Because a bullet's speed is im- portant in determining its wounding power, this increase often makes the difference between a minor wound and a devastating injury. "At 100 yards, you can almost catch the burp gun shell with a pitcher's mitt, but at the same range, an AK-47 can kill a bull moose," says Dr, William Demuth, a University of Pennsylvania professor who has studied the wounding power of rifles. These shells are causing massive destruction of flesh, bone and nerves when they hit. Holy Water to Sprinkle on Hydrogen Bombs attacked by mortars, rocket-propelled grenades and machine guns," he says. "Qur tank began firing, and the main gun jammed, Then a rocket-propelled grenade hit us, and there was a big fire."' Peter tried to claw his way out of the intense heat of the tank fire, "but the hatch was so hard to open," he says. By the time he got out, all of Pete's fingers had been burned off, He also suffered severe burns on his arms, face, chest and neck , The open nature of the war being fought in Vietnam also contributes to the gravity of the wounds, In both Korea and World Warll, much of the fighting was done from the protection of trenches and bunkers. In Vietnam, soldiers are often .completely exposed, particularly during search and destroy missions. Thus, fragments from a mortar shell may lodge in many parts of the body instead of just one limb. A soldier who keeps a wounded limb may face a difficult future. Although One GI provides a good example. A few months ago the 24-year-old soldier was stationed in Vietnam. One bullet went through his helmet, then his fore- head and finally lodged at the back of his skull. "The bullet destroyed most of his brain, "says Dr. Ludwig Kenpe, 4 neuro- surgeon who treated the soldier at Walter Reed, "He breathes, but he is and will remain totally unconscious--he will never even know he's here," Bigger rockets are another factor in the increasing severity of injuries. In Korea, bazookas were used against U.S, troops, but in Vietnam much larger 122mm rockets are being used, Comparing the bazooka with the larger weapon "is like comparing a firecracker with a stick of dynamite, '' an army officer told the Journal reporter. One soldier recently hit by a rocket doctors know more about how to repair damaged blood vessels (which means fewer amputations are necessary), a high-powered rifle bullet may also destroy nerves, Itis far more difficult to repair a nerve, and often impossible to restore the full function of certain nerves. Science now allows the wounded man to keep his arm, though it may well dangle uselessly at his side for the rest of his life, There have been improvements in both skin grafting and plastic surgery techniques. But no one cam restore a badly burned victim to anything resembling his former appearance, One 34-year-old pilot was burned when his plan crashed on take-off from a Vietna- mese airfield, He has since undergone 17 plastic surgery operations, But the fire badly burned his face, burned off most of his hair and burned off most of his ears, and doctors say that even with the best medical techniques, he will never look the Same, ° Reprinted from OBSERVER 1? THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1964 PAGE Hermanos! WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE Reprinted from BASTA YA! por VALENTINA PDE ELGRITO DEL NORTE ESPANOLA, NEW MEXICO I didn't know anything about this war. People would say the “Vietnam War" and it was just another word; they would say “undeclared war" and | didn't even know what it meant, but I did know that all kinds of people I knew were going to fight this war. I didn’t know anything about this war except what they told us about fighting Communism. Then I read a really interesting book called Vietnam: The Inside Story of the Guerilla War by Wilfred Burchett, and another, Vietnam, Vietnam: by Felix Greene. These two books gave me facts about the Vietnam War. Now when I hear that a boy of our Raza, a poor boy, a boy who doesn't know anything about the Vietnam War, has been drafted or enlists, it burns me, I feel terrible. I say to myself: why, why are you going to fight in this war? Is it because that's the only way you can find to make a living? Or is it because you're tired of your little home town and parents and you want to “see the world"? Or maybe because you want to impress the girls with your uniform? Or because you're afraid to have your buddies and girl friends call you chicken? And is it also because you don’t know anything about the war? When writing his book Burchett spent 10 months with the N.L.F. guerrilla fighters, misnamed by the government and press here the “Viet Cong Vietnamese Communists.” His life was endangered many times but when a reporter wants the people to know the truth his life isn’t important. It’s like a person who gives his life to the Causa. He doesn’t care whether he gets killed if this means in the end he will get justice and liberation and the truth to the people. How and why did we get involved in this unjust war? All of a sudden we wake up and here we are all involved in a war. They are sending our brothers and cousins to a war that we don't know anything about. Let’s see what Burchett and Greene have to tell us. For a long time the Vietnamese have been fighting against oppression and imperialsim. (Imperialism is when a large country, ‘ Alabama Technique Georgia Technique like the United States, exploits the people and natural resources of a smaller country.) Before fighting this war against the U.S., they were fighting against the French imperialists and before that, the Japanese. The U.S. people's tax money paid 80% of the cost of France's war, Why did this country do that? In a 1953 speech in Seattle, President Eisenhower said that 400 million dollars to help the French was not a giveaway program; it was just the cheapest way to prevent something terrible happening to the U.S. security, and its power and ability to get certain things (like tin and tungsten) from the riches of Southeast Asia. So this is the reason why we got into Vietnam in the first place. Then the Vietnamese defeated the French at Dien Bien Phu, and the French pulled out all their troops and agreed to have a peace conference in Geneva, Switzerland. All the big powers signed the Geneva Agreement in 1954—except the U.S. and the Vietnamese rulers who were vendidos to the French. But they did promise not to violate the agreement by force or threat of force. These were the three main points of the agreement: 1) Everybody agreed that the separation of Vietnam into two parts—north and south—was not a final arrangement. (This division was supposedly to allow the French troops to regroup in the South and leave the country, and it was accepted in good faith by the Vietnamese who had fought against the French.) 2) Elections would be held within 2 years to make sure that the country would be re-unified. 3) In the meantime, neither the North nor the South would make any international alliances or receive military help from the outside. Naturally the French wanted to try to keep some influence in Vietnam, and the U.S. wanted to make sure that the government stayed under control. So without any consultation with the Vietnamese people, the U.S. saw to it that a rich landowner, then living in the U.S., became President. His name was Ngo Dinh Diem. Diem soon proved himself to be the worst of dictators. savagely repressing any opposition. Just 12 days after the Geneva Agreement was signed, an event happened in Saigon. The people had a huge demonstration mainly to celebrate the signing of the agreement, with lots of cheering. They also presented demands for the release of political prisoners trom the war against the French. Diem was against that, because he knew those prisoners wanred)a better government than Ins. His reply to the people s demands came \in a voiley of rifle tire. A pregnant WOMAN Was Shor t rough thie Stomach and people were killed. That showed people the mature of the Diem regime Diem’s army forces would surround \ llages. thensearch. raid, arrest ind kill anyone at ecrysrone Was 5 talee the rec people ywer. Many people who had dong absolutely nothing were als victimized. Diem wanted crasée any rete OF Experience of the first resistance against the Fren Ar one point he wanted to make » list of the peopic who had taken part in the resi ance, but was impossible because almost every ablebodied man, woman and child rook part—from an id man toa child Dig « lOUug caITy a Message e 95:8: Paree CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE CONTINUED FROM LAST PAGE Diem started a “Denounce Communists campaign.” It a wife had taken part in the resistance, the couple was forced to divorce and remarry in order to prove they were sincere. Some husbands went to jav without any hope of coming out again, Some people had tieir tamihes taken to jail and these people were never heard from again. They weren't even given a trial, Thousands and tiousands were killed Cais way 1956 came and went and there were no elections, as had been promised to the Vietnamest people. President Eisenhower said that if there would have been elections, possibly 80% of the population would have voted for Ho Chi Minh—the supposedly terrible Communist leader in the North. So—no elections. Ho Chi Minh was the people's leader against the French. He helped train many boys and girls for the resistance fight. They were picked from strong, tough campesino families with stomachs and nerves and revolutionary ways as strong as steel. As Burchett tells us, they were all prepared to go and live with the tribal people, if necessary for the rest of their lives. They were called Vietnamese or “Viet Minh" cadres. There are many tribal people in Vietnam. They live somewhat in the way the Indian here lives. To name a few tribes: the Rhade, M’nong, and the Jarai. These people didn’t trust anybody, not even other tribes. One of the reasons was that they were always thought of as savages and mistreated. It was the same as here in the U.S., where the Indians were treated as savages and the culture and the land have been grabbed from the people to make money with now. In movies Indians are always called savages. The “Viet Minh" were trained to respect the people’s points of view, customs and ways of life. If the tribe would file their teeth down to their gums, the cadres had to do that also. If they worshipped stone idols or prayed at the table, the cadres did this too. The tribal people grew to like and trust the cadres as if they were all in the same family. It was because for the first time in all their lives they were treated as equals by outsiders. The Vietnamese cadres were disciplined never to criticize them in a bad way, but when the time was right they were to teach them and show them the wrong in their ways of life. The cadres were taught many good things too, such as the use of weapons and traps. Burchett gives examples of showing the tribes the wrong in their lives. In one of the villages after the growing season, everything was eaten after a feast and then the tax collector would come and collect for back rents, etc. The tribal people believed that the gods wanted them to be slaves and wanted them to be unhappy. They would say, “It is the will of God that we are this way.” The cadres would explain to them that it wasn’t the will of God, but that it was the will first of the French, and then the U.S. Diemists. And that it was the French and the United States who made them pay all the results of their labor in taxes. At first it took a long time to convince the people of this. As time passed, the people came back and began to ask a lot of questions. Then they went back and taught about what the cadres said some more. Finally the day came when they went back to the cadres and said, “It’s true, it’s true, what you say is true.” They cried at first and then got angry and said: “Our forest is full of elephants, our land is good, our soil is rich, we wear old torn loincloths, we could live better.” Then they said, “Look how they cheat us for a month’s work. The French give us an old shirt or worn out pair of pants. For a brass gong we must give them an elephant or buffalos. The U.S. Diemists give us a bottle of perfume or bar of soap for a hard d-y's work and they give our women a few bead. or bits «.f cloth in return for so many pigs and buffalo.” The tribes people are a very beautiful people (as the N.L.F. cadres said). Once they give their word they would rather die or suffer the worst tortures than break it. They are so straight and pure in their thinking, they are honest and generous. They would die before betraying a friend. Another example of the cadres was after the U.S. Diemists dropped napalm on villages from planes. Napalm is a jellied gas which is thrown from a plane (like spraying D.D.T.) and once it hits you it cannot be taken off. The more you scratch) it the worse it gets. It burns through the skin like acid and either kills people or leaves them permanently crippled. When napalm hits. the skin on your body melts like candle wax. The local agents would say that the planes were “Kim Phiar" (the fire bird god) and that this god was punishing the tribes people for being so disobedient because they wouldn't sell their lands or crops. The tribes people believed this until che N. L. F. (National Liberation Front) cadres shot a few fire birds (planes) and the people found U.S. or Diemist (Vietnamese vendidos) pilots inside of them. The majority of the tribes-people supported the “Viet Minh” and now the N.L.F. all the way. Their slogan is *Anti-Puppet, Anti-imperialise” and this the tribes support with all tieir hearts, In the war against the French), quite a bit of land was taken away from the rich absentee landlords and given to the landless campesinos. When Diem got in power, he and the U.S. made many plans and schemes to get this land back. After they got it, they wanted the people who had been living on the land to pay them back rents. People refused to put their thumbprints on their land documents. When they refused to pay backrents and pur their thumbprints on these documents, the police and army units went to the people’s houses to harass them. Finally the people got so tired of THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1969 PAGE 15 the debts and so discouraged that they ran away to the jungle in order to make new villages and a new life where they couldn't be bothered. Don’t all these tactics sound familiar to you? The way the U.S Government robbed our ancestors of their land? The forests were ours once, too, And what are they doing with it now? Making billions of dollars with the wood and minerals and ski resorts from OUR forests. These tactics sound so familiar to me, especially how they would cheat our ancestors into signing an X (not a thumbprint) on their documents and make them believe they were signing for a crop of beans or credit in a store. It just makes me realize that these books are great and that they really have the facts. | realize chat if this government can cheat and deccive its own people, it makes sense that they could do it in other countries too. We cannot exactly separate when the Vietnamese fought against the French and when they began figliting the U.S., since in so many ways the war is the same except that tie people fought against two different countries—but alway for the same reason. We can’t even say exactly how the U.S. got so deeply into the war. We do know that after the French (helped by the U.S.) were beaten. the U.S. was still sending in a few thousand so-called advisors.’ who were really military and C.I.A. police agents. They helped the Vietnamese vendidos organize their army and police to wipe out the people working for a better government. But the Diem government was so bad that more and more people started protesting against it and fighting it. Meanwhile, up in the north, the society built by Ho Chi Minh was growing stronger and better all the time. The U.S. sent in troops, and more troops. to help the vendidos in the South, until today there are about half a million. We have to ask: Why do our boys go to fight in Vietnam? Why do they go into the armed forces at all? The people they are sent to fight are poor people, just like us. Why go to fight people who are in an even worse situation than we are? Is that what you want to become, a tool to kill and rob poor people? The rich have always used the Divide and Conquer method. They are using it now. They are using the poor people of this nation to go and fight with the poor in Vietnam and other countries. And it could get even worse. Someday you might be sent to kill people even more like yourself-people who speak Spanish and eat tortillas and love their families. Even if you don’t get sent to kill the Vietnamese, you may be sent to kill orher poor people. Tg. Egret ; ~~ Mississippi Technique The Black Man’s Stake in Vietnam By ELDRIDGE CLEAVER Minister of Information The most critical tests facing Johnson are the war in Vietnam and the Negro revolution at home. The fact that the brains in the Pentagon see fit to send 16 per cent black troops to Vietnam is one indication that there Is a structural relationship between these these two arnas of con- flict. And the initial outrageous refusal of the Georgia Legislature to seat representative elect Julian Bond, because he denounced the aggressive U.S, role tn Vietnam, shows too, the very intimate rela- tionship between the way human beings are being treated In Viet- nam and the treatment they are receiving here in the United States. We live today In a system that is in the last stages of the pro- tracted process of breakingupona worldwide basis. The rulers per- celve the greatest threat to be the national Hberation movements around the world, particularly tn Asis, Africa, and Latin America. In order for thom to wage wars of suppression against these na- tional liberation movements abroad, they must have peace and stability and unanimity of purpose at home. But at home there is a Trojan Horse, a Black Trojan Horse that has become aware of itself and is now struggling to get on its feet. ft too, demands Iiber- ation. What is the purpose ofthe atten- tion that the rulers are now focus- ing on the Trojan Horse? Is it out of a newfound love for the horse, or is it because the rulers need the horse to be quiet, to be still, and not cause the rulers, already with their backs to the wall, any trouble or embarrassment while they force the war In Vietnam? Indeed, the rulers have need ofthe horse's power on th fields of battle. What the black man in America must keep constantly in mind ts that the doctrine of white supremacy, which ts a part of the ideology of the world system the power structure ts trying to pre- serve, lets the black man in for the greatest portion of the suffer ing andhate which while supremacy has dished out to the people of the world for hundreds of yours. The white- oriented white manfecis| non-white suUprY macy- punction sbout moaasacris ‘i nigwers’*® thon he does about mas sacring#] any other race of prople on the earth, This historically tn- fisputable fact, taken with the present persistent efforts of thy United States to woo the Soriet Union into an alllance against China, spells DANGER to all tty peoples of the world whohave been victimes of white supremacy, If thts sweethearting proves successful, if the United States is finally able to make a match with Russia, or if the U.S, can continue to frighten the Sovfet Union Into reneging on its commitments to International socialist solidarity (about which the Soviets are always trumpet- ing, while still allowing the tm- perialist aggressors to dally bomb the Democratic Republic of North Vietnam), and if the U.S, Is able to unleash tts anxious fury and armed might against the riging non-white giant of China, which is the real target of U.S, strategy the world over -- ff the U.S, Is successful in these areas, then it will be the black man's turn again to face the lyncher and burner of the world: and face him alone. Black Americans are too easily deceived by a few smiles and friendly gestures, by the passing of a few liberal-sounding laws which are left on the books to rot unenforced, and by the mushy speechmaking of a President who is a past master of talking out of the thousand sides of his movth. Such poetry does not guarantec the safe future of the black people tn Amerca. The black people must have a guarantee, they must by certain, they must be sure beyond all doubt that the reign of terror is ended and not just suspended, and that the future of their people is secure. And the only way they can ensure this ts to gain or- ganizational unity .and communi- cation with their brothers and al- lies around the world, on an tn- ternational basis. They must have this power. There is no other way. Anything else ts a sellout of the future of their people. The world of today was fashioned yesterday. What ts involyed here, what Is being decided right now, Is the shape of power in the world to- morrow. The American racial problem ean no longer be spoken of or solved in isolation. The relation- ship between the genocide tn V iet- nam and the smiles of the white- man toward black Americans is a direct relationship, Once the whit man solves bis problem inthe bast he will then turn his fury agal on the black people of America, hl longtime punchir bag. I people have been tricked j anc rain rut t every tur by misleaders. After th ivit ‘ America ent through a f similar to the one we are! in. thee Na Pp lem received af hearin verybody knew that t black man had been dentedd justice, Ne n joubted that it ¥ tin for change und ihat the black mun should be made a first class citizen. But Reconstruction ended. Blacks who had been elevated to high positions ‘were brusquely kicked out Into th ktreets and herded alor with the r wee Of blacks Into the ghette md black belts. The ivyncher and the burner recefved virtual license tomurder blacks al ih, Whit Americans found an level on which to cool the biacks out, An ith the help of such tools as Rooker T. Wa ington, the doctrine of segregatior «as clamped firmly onto the backs of tho bincks. Tt has taken a hundred years to struggle up from that level of cool-out tothe miser- able position that black Americans find themselves tn. Time ts pass- ing. The historical opportunity which world events now present to black Americans !s running out with every tick of the clock. This is the last act of the show. We are living in a time when the people of the world are making their final bid for full and com- plete freedom, Never before tn history has this condition pre- vailod. Always before there have been more or less articulate and aware pockets of people, portions of classes, etc., but today’s is an era of mass awareness, when the smallest man on the street is in rebellion against the system which has denied him life and which he has come to understand robs him of his dignity and self-respect. Yet he is being told that it will take time to get programs started, to pass legislation, to educate white people into accepting the ‘physically impossible, to move as fast as the black man would live to move. Black men are deadly serious when they say FREEDOM NOW, Even if the white man wanted to eradicate all traces of evil over night, he would not be able to do it because the economic and political system will not permit it. All talk about going too fast is treasonous to the black man’s future, What the white man must be brought to understand ts that the black man in Americatoday is fully aware of his position, and he does not intend to be tricked again Into another hundred-year forfeit of freedom. Not for a single momont or for any price will the black men now rising up in America settle for anything less than their full proportionate share and par- ticipation in the sovereignty of America. The black man has already come toa realization that to be free it ts necessary for him to throw his life -- every- thing -- on the line, because the oppressors refuse to understand that it is now impossible for them to come up with another trick to squelch the black revolution. The black man can’t afford to take ao chance. He can't afford to put things off. He must stop the whole NOW and get his business straight, because If he does not do it now, if he fails to grasp securely the reins of this historic opportunity, there may be notomorrow for him. The black man's Interest Hes in seeing a free and independent Viet- nam, a strong Vietnam which ts not the puppet of international white supremacy. If the nations of Asia, Latin America, and Africa are strong and free, the black man tn America will be safe and secur, und free to live in dignity and «olf- respect, It is a cold fact that while the nations of Africa, Asia, and Latin America were shackled itr colonial bontiage, the black Amor ican was held tightly in the vi of oppression and not permitted te itter ind ¢ rot f ot { rut h th tt 1 biel: t then that 1 t » sel t ( it t that the t i 1 t Tittle he di vat of ah ty. Tr ni t Va tion f the bl \ rica fo all to it that t Afr i ica nation f and { pendent. In this ra lo ea Vietnamese-0 Black Man-0 Wall Street-1 government. They must let their have a big role to play. They are a Black Trojan Horse within white America and they number tn ex- cess of 23,000,000 strong. That ts a lot of strength. But it Is a lot of weakness if it Js disorganized, and the overriding need is for unity and organization. Unity is on all black lips. Today we stand on the verge of sweeping change in this wretched landscape of a thou- sand little fragmented and ineffec- tual groups and organizations unable to work together for the common cause, The need for one organization that will give one voice to the black man's common interest fs felt In every bone and fiber of black America. Yesterday, after firmly repudl- ating racism and braking his tles with the Black Muslim organiza- tion, the Iate Malcolm X launched a campaign totransformthe Amer- fean black man’s strggle fromthe narrow plea for ‘‘civil rights’ to the universal demand for human rights, with the ultimate aim of bringing the United States govern- ment to task before the United Nations, This, and the idea of the Organization of Afro-American Unity, was Malcolm's dying legacy to his people. It did not fall on barren ground, Already, black American leaders have met with the ambassadors of Black Africa ut a luncheon at UN headquarters, The meaning of this momentous event is lost on no one. The fact that tt was the issue of Julian Bond, his denunciation of U.S, aegression in Vietnam, and the action of racist ements inthe Georgia legislature which brought the leaders of black ear recornitio black n that thetr t t ' laa t th t ! ‘ ’ | ne tt tor } lear har T rT ' v ‘ nC i that tt st oreani for t ti policl v0 voice be heard on these issues, They must let the world know where they stand. It is no accident that the U.S, government Is sending all those black troops to Vietnam. Some peo- ple think that Vietnam ts to kill off the cream of black youth. But it has another tmportant result, ‘By turning her black troops Into the butchers of the Vietnamese people, America ts spreading hate against the black race throughout Asia. Even black Africans find it hard not to hate black Americans for being so stupid as to allow themselves, to beusedtoslaughter another people who are fighting to be free, Black Americans are con- sidered to be the world’s biggest fools to go to another country to fight for something they don’thave for themselves. Tt bothers white racists that peo- ple around the world love black Americans but find it impossible to give a similar warm affection to white Americans. The white racist knows that he is the Ugly American and he wants the black American to be Ugiy, too, In the eyes of the wowld: misery loves company! When the people around the world cry‘* Yankee, GoHome?* they mean the white man, not the black man who ls a recently freed slave, The white man {s deliberate- ly trying to make the people of the world turn against black Amer— fcans, because he knows that the day ts coming when biack Ameri- cans will need the help and sup port of their brothers, friends and natural allies aroundthe world, If through stupiditp.or by follow. hand«picked lenders who are thy Servite acwntseol the power uMrveture. Slack Americans allow this str ry, io sucteed against thom, th. a when th. tmee omes and they need this Nap ane@ support from sround the eortd, tt will not be there. ALL of the Intornational ‘ove, fespeet, and cootwill that liek Amerteans ae ve ground t rhet wilt ® tried wn The ’ % will haw Ti [n in “ padtios af Vietnar US. ARMOR IS ON STAND-BY FROM WA rls TO DETROIT, FROM CHICAGO TO HARLEM,AND FROM ATLANTA TO CLEVE! AND; ITS BECOME ROUTINE FOR THE GHETTOS OF AMERICA, THE GROWING HUNGER FOR SELF-DETERMINATION AMONG AMERICANS- BLACK, BROWN, AND WHITE --HAS CAUSED \ ONE-SIDED “ARMS RACE," WITH THE OPPRESSED PEOPLE ALWAYS TAILING ALONG WITH THIS ‘ARMS RACE,"’ THE MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL RULERS OF AMERICA HAVE STE PPED UP THEIR **PACIFICATION" PROGRAMS, UNDER THE GUISE OF A WAR ON POVERTY, THE BRAINS OF THE PENTAGON-WHITE HOUSE COALITION HAVE FILLED THE GHETTOS WITH DRILL TEAMS WHOSE MEMBERS WILL HOPEFULLY BE PROGRAMMED TO LOOK UPON THE UNIFORMS OF THE AIRBORNE, MARINES, AND SPECIAL FORGES WITH PRIDE, ENVY, AND EXPECTATION, MUCH OF THE CURRENT DANGER TO THE DOLLAR GOD HAS BEEN CHANNELED INTO AREAS OF PROF- IT IN VIETNAM, LAOS, AND THAILAND, MANY WHO MIGHT POSSIBLY RETURN AND EXPOSE THE 8-14 YEAR OLD PUPPET TROOPS TO THE TRUTH ABOUT JOHN WAYNE AND THE\‘GREEN BERETS” WILL BE SPARED THE TROUBLE (THEIR TRIPWILLBE ONE-WAY), IN CASE CIRCUMSTANCES FORCE WITH- DRAWAL FROM CURRENTLY LUCRATIVE AREAS, PROFIT-LOSS IS NOW BEING FIGURED FOR AFRICA AND SOUTH AMERICA, THE MONEY-MAKING MACHINERY IS NEARLY PERFECT EXCEPT FOR A FEW “BUGS,” THESE ‘BUGS''VARY IN SIZE THEY MAY BE I R DEGREE OF DANGER TO THE MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL PROFIT MARGIN, rHUGS, YOUNG PATRIOTS, YOUNG LORI 5, LOS SIETE BRE LA , DOPE-FIENDS, SEX -FREAKS, RADICALS, MILITANTS, PINKO’S, ERTERS, ONSCIENTIOUS OBJEC TORS, REV‘ UTIC BLACK ’ AZA, HIPPIES, IBERALS, NIGGER-1 NATIONALISTS, OR HERS, THE LATTER ARE ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS AND ARE RECOGNIZABLE BY {D WILL TO RESIST AND A PENCHANT FOR LITTLE RED BOOKS t 1¥ MAO TSE-TUNG, Detroit 1967 CMA OT ~ - 5 - c=, = ure THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1969 PAGE 16 fa 3 CONTINUED FROM LAST WEEK THE POWER OF ARMS From Tricontinental May - June 1969 by Amilcar Cabral The experience that we had with our peasants allows us to state that to integrate the peasant mas- ses into the struggle one must have a great deal of patience. It is neces- Sary under our conditions that the countryside be mobilized initially by people capable of integrating themselves into the peasant milieu, and that starting from the first mo- bilizations, the peasants organize themselves and mobilize the rest. We can affirm that our peasant is not in any way a primary revolu- tionary element. The peasant is the principal physical force of our strug- gle, but he is not, he was not — above all in that moment — the aera revolutionary force. We ound the principal revolutionary force in the urban milieu, as much among the petty bourgeois class which was conscious of the foreign domination in our country as among the salaried workers of the ports, the ships, the repair shops, etc. It was these who after many dif- ficulties brought the peasant to con- sider himself part of the revolution. On the other hand, we always gave greater importance to the most exploited strata, both in the coun- tryside and in the cities. We pro- ceeded to a deep analysis of the so- cial structure of our people in or- der to know both how to place the strata in relation to the phenomenon of struggle and how to act with each of them. Obviously our position hasn’t been without errors; one of them was trusting too much in the national sentiment. We weren't very familiar with the problems of some strata; we trusted, for example, in the tra- ditional chiefs (because the old chiefs had fought against the Por- tuguese) to again have a national feeling, to again have an interest in expelling the foreigners from our land. But it wasn't so. A significant number of them came over to our side, but those who were more tra- ditional and who were more con- cerned with their own interests went to the side of the colonialists, because their only intention was to maintain their dominion over the peoples they controlled. That, of course, created new problems which we had to seriously tackle in order to advance the struggle in certain zones, The policy followed by: our Party * Initially, we mobilized the Balan- tas, the Mandingas and the Brafa- das, etc., and to the extent that they became conscious of the’ struggle and accepted the Party we began to move them. We placed at the head those comrades who, accord- ing to the needs of the Party, should be there. From the first instant we avoided placing at the head of a group an individual from that same group, so as not to encourage man- ifestations of localism. Another facet that we consider very important is the religious be- liefs of our people. We avoid all hostility toward them, toward the type of relationship our people still have with nature owing to their economic underdevelopment. But we resolutely opposed all that would go against the dignity of the human being. We are proud of not having proud our people from using etishes, amulets, and things of the sort which we call mezinhas. It would have been absurd — in fact, a completely mistaken conception — to have prohibited this to them. We let our people find out for them- selves, through the struggle, that their fetishes are of no use. Happily, today we can say that the majority have come to realize it. If at the beginning a combatant needed the aids of a mezinha, now he might have’ one near, but he understands, and he tells the people this, that the best mezinha is the trench. We can state that the fight has contributed on this plane to a rapid evolution of our people, This is very important. That, in general, is the situation of the mobilization of our people. ‘In 1963, when we were about to gin the struggle, our people already had a Party; not in the entire coun- try, but at least in the south. Let’s take the south as an example. In 1962, the Portuguese seized Nino, who was one of the agents of the mobilization and Party chief in the Cobucaré zone, which ex- tends to Catié, capital of the south. After much trouble, the Portuguese seized him. They wouldn't believe that Nino, who was so young, could be a leader of the Party. Someone denounced him and they decided to arrest him and send him to Bi:- sau. At that time there was an African policeman in the adminis- tration who was a Party member (because we had chiefs of military in relation to the tribal problem» | at gave us very good results. Accord- ing to our conception the.tribe exists and does not exist. As it is known, when the Portuguese came to our land the tribal economic system was & already deteriorating. Portuguese colonialism contributed still more to that deterioration, although it needed to maintain some aspects of the superstructure. On our part it’ wasn't so much the economic base that led us to respect the tribal structure as a mobilizing element of our struggle, but its cultural as- pects: the language, the songs, the dances, etc. We couldn't impose on the Balantas the customs of the Fulahs or of the Mandingas, We defended this to the utmost, but we also fought to the utmost all divi- sion on the political plane. 1 ° Ps i Z . . 4 ae : ' ' : ‘Veven ¥ « seal 4 wri < | Bissau, to the PIDE. That same night, determined elements of the people of that zone roused them- selves, broke the doors of the prison, freed Nino, and they sent me a gift that I still preserve: the padlock of the jail. That gives an idea of the situation of our country before the launching of the armed struggle. I could cite innumerable examples like this one, showing the support of our people, because all our ca were in the mato. In the villages, in all places, there have always been Party people mobilizing, organ- izing, and even working with the Portuguese. This situation immensely benefit- ed the development of our armed struggle. We ed the bases of the guerrilla struggle even before it began. In that period, material was introduced with enormous difficulty. Once it bho = our a it was kept by a part of the people in our guer- rilia ‘basen, It was only after this preparation that we launched the armed struggle against Portugu colonialism. . Our bases in the south were in the zones of Cobucaré, Indjassan, Quinera, Gambara, Quitafene, and Sususa. In the north, initially, we had two or three bases. That gives the general panorama of the situa- tion. We can say better that the armed struggle integrated itself into the population vice-versa, This was because we had dozens and dozens of youths prepared for com- bat, but we didn’t possess arms for them. We began by crea autonomous guerrilla groups in the zones al- ready mentioned. Each group was linked to the leadership of the Party. This was until toward the end of 1963. The struggle evolved very rapidly, much more so than we had supposed. (We recall that in August 1961, when we called for sabotage and asked the people to fell trees in the roads, the Party chiefs were surprised by the magnif- icent work that was done. Even in the area where the order didn't arrive, the people mobilized themselves and cut down trees to show that they wanted to partici- pate.) With these groups we found out that, given the total integration of the pop ulation with the guerrillas, Africa is headed for many ‘‘ Vietnams”” posts, administrative secretaries, ci- ys, and we had some soldiers serv- ing in the Portuguese troops, who were members of the Party). He spoke with Nino, who asked him to tell us that he was being sent to tonomous, not in relation to the leadership as such (because, really, they were linked to the higher leadership of the Party) but in re- lation to some chiefs who were in the area. Then, certain tendencies ATIONAL : * Sa 4 J ' a A haha ly Tevet aot ie te ae 7 ei er ge i i fe. . Secretary-General PAIGC er’ toward isolation originated, tenden- cies to disregard each other and not to coordinate action. In view of this we decided to hold our Congress in 1964, which marked a critical mo- ment in our struggle. In this Con- gress we took a series of measures, among them to detain, try, and condemn some gu chiefs. We had to pass on to the col- lective leadership of the which fell under the direction the Party committee. There can be no i tion to whether Party or the armed forces would give the orders, because we understand that the Party and the armed forces are the same thing. We created zones and regions, each with ek Har tees, so that the lead Saad sary to mobi everyone for the armed struggle; it is enough to mo- bilize a reasonable part. After that, you can proceed with the forces and mobilize the rest. atus Kedord restructured es organ- ized ambushes, small attacks against the Portu , and other actions that were building toward the pres- ent level of development of our struggle. With the creation of the regular armed forces we opened new fronts of the struggle; that of Gabi in the east of the country; those of San rips gr se and = in the west. At at e we still weren't ee of fronts, but of regions zones of struggle, which conformed en- tirely with the regions and zones of the Party. Afterwards, as the guerrilla ad- * vanced, the enemy was required to withdraw from the urban centers and fortify its posts. The enemy lives within a profound contradic- tion: if it wants to dominate, it has to isp tare in os to con- trol the populations, but in di so it weakens itself; then we aie L= and force it to concentrate its forces, but when it concentrates, it is we who dominate the vast areas. Later it was possible to create the true fronts of the struggle. At the there were only the Northern Front and the South- ern Front and then, with an advance in the struggle, we set up the Bast- ern Front. CONTINUED NEXT WEBK i th ee meneame / ) that has prevented the even sharper maximum pea 1966 to fiscal 1967 t ih Tht INDEPENDENCE DAY-1969 “Al men are created equal, y ate endowed by their Crea Or With certain inalienable rights . these are Life, Liberty the pursuit ao! Happiness ' tmmortal statement was made dm the Declaration of Independence ‘of the United States of America ‘tm i776. In ao broader sense this “means: All the people on the earth “are equal from birth, all the peo- ple have a right to live, to be happy and free...We, members of the Provisional Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, solemnly declare to the world that _ Vietnam has the right to be a free and independent country--and in fact it Is so already, The entire Vietnamese people are determined to mobilize alt their physical and _ by Dr, Gabriel Kolko _ While data on the extent of U.S, defoliation operations is not always consistent, certain is the fact that the use of herbicides Increased en- -ormously since 1962 until it com- | pletely exhausted the U.S, industry's escalation of anti-crop and defoll- ation chemicals By early 1968 the @ntire national output of 2,4,5-T was | betng sent to Vietnam ind from 7xX- duction capacity, mental strength, to sacrifice their lives and property inorder to sah guard thier independence and lib erty ~-Deciaration of Independence of tho Democratic Republic of Vietnam Septombor 2, 1945 Since this declaration was Is- sued, the Vietnamese people have indeed been called upon to sacri- floe lives and property tn their Struggle for independence, peace, unity and freedom from foreign interference, We, the American Deserters Committee, support the Struggle of the Vietnamese people against US imperialism, and join with them in demanding the im- addition it claims to have sprayed 10,000 acres of crops in 1964 and 221,000 in 1967, and only 87,000 in 1968. Other official data on areas sprayed tn lower, and it ts most probable that the acreage that could reported, What is certain however ts that the use herbicides in Vietnam will increase with pro- and that the US overnment s have ow vative ex- i that long-term fires on herbicides in Viet yzical damage, extending to 20 . itereased from 12.5 million to years in the case of mangrove for almost $100 million, During early ests ill occur, the Pentagon began letting con With the advent of mass use of tracts for large new plants to sat- H52's has come new forn if war rf » their demands, and when these fare against civilian populations and are complete defoliution in South their surroundings, forms so bar Vietnam will aguin mount. barie that there is no precedent The Pentaged! s own data on Viet- for them al! of histor These Ono Gereige sprayed does not planes operate at 30,000 fect and With its procurement exped- carry 108 bombs, usually divided a of the capacity of these evenly among 500 and 750 pound cals to destroy vegetation It bombs that respectively leave ! m to have defoliatedd 54,000 and 23 feet wide craters, In the * in 1964, LS million in 1907 1.3 Million acres tp 1968, In first nine months of 1968, the:efore well over two million such craters mediate .and unconditional with drawal of all US and allied troops and in calling for the recogni- tion Of the Provisional Revolu tlonary sovernment of the Re- public of South Vietnam The struggle of the Vietnamese people, the struggle of the op pressed in the United States, and the American deserters are all part of the same struggle: the fight for freedom from oppres- Sion, In that struggle, we draw strength again from the Declara- tion of Independence of the United States; ‘Whenever any form of government becomes destruc- tive,..lt Is the right of the people to alter or abolish it and to in- CONT, ON NEXT PAGE ~ CHEMICAL WARFARE AGAINST CIVILIANS were inflicted mainly on South Viet- ham, and over one million were pro- duced earlier. Normal vegetation is impossible in them for many years. In the only official data on target ability to produce more, It Is in- be sprayed with the amounts being accuracy available to me the Air dustrial capacity, and not policy, purchased is well over twice the Force admits half the supposed tar- U.S, Aircraft Spray Toxic Chemicals on Vietnam jungles gets were not where the bombs are dropped. This barbaric weapon ts, therefore, an instrument of wanton destruction, one of the most Inac- curate ever designed, The impact { the B52 on civilian casualties ts certainly immense, however unaval lable precise data may be. The es- timate of Senator Edward Kennedy’ s hearings at the end of 1967 that up to 180,000 civilian casualties were being annuallyinflicted on South Viet fam alone must surely be much too low at this time. And the use of 52's in Vietnam will increase, for in March Laird asked for an ad ditional 103 millio for BS2 up- ¢ration in South Vietnam hrough June 1970, & request the US, may cut somewhat as an alleged peuce gesture. 4 rood er ULACK PANTHER SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 199 PAGE SESS V zetnam Quang Ngal, (LNS)---Three thou- sand Vietnamese peasants, with the help of Liberation troops, last Wed- nesday tore down the concentration camp that the U.S, military had forced them to live In, The up- rising -- in Phu Binh ‘‘new life hamlet,’’ Quang Ngal province -- came as a response to Increasing American efforts to ‘‘pacify’’ the South Vietnamese countryside, About 8:30 at night Liberation Armed Forces entered Phu Binhand rallied the inhabitants to a mass meeting, Puppet troops, assigned to guard the camp, ran at the first Sight of the Iberators. No shots were fired Phu Binh residents told me the next morning that the Liberation soldiers first explained NLF policy to the people and then urged them to return to their original homes, Some of the people eagerly accepted the opportunity to leave, but others Said they couldn't go back because of the bombing, Thetr oldhomesare now ina “free strike zone," But all the people agreed on strik- ing 4 blow at the wretched con- ditions of the ‘‘new life hamlet.’’ Using kerosene, torches and bat- tering rams, the people and their troops turned Phu Binh into a pile of rubble. The mud walls were collapsed, the roof beams burned, and the Batman Sweatshirts (‘gift of the USA’) put to the torch. All the able-bodied men and many young women were given arms, and they left to participate full-time in the struggle. The very young and the very old stayed behind to laugh at the puppet guards who sheepishly returned the next morning. Phu Binh was founded in 1965 when the US undertook to depopulate the South Vietnamese countryside, People were bombed out of liberated areas and herded into ‘refugee camps,"" As the onslaught continued, Phu Binh grew, It was never a model camp. It was too far (4 miles) from the province capital to be con- sidered ‘‘secured'’ and too Iso- lated to merit ‘showcase’ treat- ment. Phu Binh got bigger but not prettier; it was a town of mud- walled, tinroofed barracks sitting on barren ground One old man, who had lost his right leg to an artillery shell, told me how he and his fellow villagers had come to Phu Binh, “This is not our home,’ he said, “We are from Nghia Thanh, but the Americans won't let us live there any more. First they bombed our village, so we had to live under- ground in bunkers, But we kept growing rice, Then the American soldiers came on an operation, They burned everything and loaded us on helicopters, They brought us here and made the puppet soldiers guard because we Can't go home anyway. The land in Nghia Thanh is good, but If we try to work In the flelds the Americans will bomb us, Here the land is bad, and we can't grow anything, We're all beggars but we have no choice." how it was possible for some of the people to leave thé night before. How would they be able to Live under the bombs’? ‘They are young and healthy, they car do tt. But as for me,"* he said patting his stump, “I'll have to till there's peace,’ Then he 1 asked hin wait the ‘If here places around at caage of the camp and said, the Ameri S want us te they’Il have t¢ looked wre ilve build a better Or else,” he added with an impish wink, ‘‘maybe the Communists will destroy it again ay = by Hugo Hit = ~= =~ — “= a —_ es os ~ tt ttt tat BRIEFS Uruguay Montevideo, Uruguay (LNS)-Uru- guayan bank employees have been out on strike for two months, and the bankers are getting Impatient, des- pite a little help from their friends, Given emergency powers during a state of national unrest last June, President Jorge Areco has drafted the 10,000 bank employees into the armed forces in order to get them back Into their cages and keep the money moving, {they don't go theyll lose their jobs and be up oncharges of desertion, Thadand Bangkok (LNA) «-- U.S. Investment in Thailand, constantly on the rise, has been condemned by the Pat- riot Front of Thailand. The front charges that U.S. capitalists ‘‘bar- barously and ruthlessly plunder and exploit the Thai people and extract huge profits which are increasing year by year,’’ American investors have earned an average of 6,900 baht each year in recént times. (There are 20.8 baht to the dollar.) The tendency {s toward making Thalland more dependent on the United States. In 1958, for example, Thailand's deficit was 302 million baht, while in 1967 it was 1,624 million baht, Current U.S, investments in Thai- land are worth 7 billion baht -- 13 times higher than investments in 1961, There are 160 companies in- vesting in Thailand. Some American corporations al- ready In or contemplating invest- ment in Thailand are: Union Oil, Gulf Oil, Continental Oil, Standard Ol} of Indiana, Tenneco, Union Car- bide, Goodyear, Firestone, U.S Cal- abrian, Standard Of] of NewJérsey, _ Castle & Cooke, Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical, and Charles Pfizer & Co, Pharmaceuticals. American banks in Thailand include the Bank of America and the Chase Manhat- tan Bank, Manufacturer's Hanover Trust, First National City Bank, Morgan Guaranty Trust and Bank- ér's Trust all plan to set up op- erations, The military intervention is also serious, There are about 10,000 U.S, troops and advisors In 7 hailand, which has become a major military base for the US in Asia, Over 80% of the planes dispatched to Vietnam take off from Thal air- ports, especially the Utapao air base, where B-52's are stationed, us, But they don't need the guards, = ™ . a Th — tee — Ome, ew a 7 - of ~= a = ray . — ” oes THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1969 PAG 18 RIOT CONTROL AGENT Washington, D.C (LNS)--TheU § Army has bought enough CS gas for use in Southeast Asia since 1964 to cover every square mile of Vietnam CS (chloroben- is with gas to spare. ny side nemalononitrate) a toxic l Foot ‘CS’ Shell chemical which supposedly acts like tear gas. Biologist Matthew Mesel- son, calculating from figures in an Army field manual, reports that between 1964 and 1969 the Army purchased 13,736,000 pounds of CS, CS-1, and CS-2 for use in South- =— KILLS east: Asia only. The 1969 purchase of 6,063,000 pounds exceeds the 1964 purchase by 16 times, That's enough to cover 80,000 square miles, if dispersed by helicopter, The area of Vietnam is about 66,000 square miles, Meselson, blology professor at Harvard and a consultant to the U.S Arms Control Agency, says the widespread use of CS in Vietnam puts it in the category of chemical weapon, rather than a riot control agent. As such, he argues, its use is in violation of the International ban against chemical warfare, The Army uses CS in a variety of ways: to spray down enemy tunnels; to spread over large areas by helicopter; and to pack Into art- illery shells. The US, claims that CS Is a non- lethal gas which has no harmful after effects, thus putting it out of the chemical weapon category. There ts only a grain of truth in this argument: lethal when used in certain con- centrations, But in testimony before the Bertrand Russell War Crimes Tridunal in Copenhagen, 1967, Dr. Abraham Behar reported that CScan cause ‘‘death through acute inflam- mation and pulmonary edema at strong concentrations of 10 to 15 meg. per liter of air,’’ He testified that the concentration of the gas in tunnels and shelters often reaches the lethal level, and cited as an example the clearing of the hamlet of Vihn Quang in Binh Dinh province in September, 1963, The spraying of 48 toxic gas con- tainers into the shelters there re- Sulted in the death of 35 persons and the severe poisoning of 25 others, Of the 60 people, 28 were children and 26 women, Gift Chapel, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. A NOTE FROM ARMY HISTORY IN 1917 IN HOUSTON, WHITES AND NUMBER OF B3LAC BEEN ATTACKED BEATEN, WITH CHAT ARMY ARMED THE BLA WHEN THE RIOTING TEX, DISORDER SLACK ‘K THE BRAS BROKE OUT 1S BETWEEN G.1.'S. A GJl’S HAD AND BADLY RESULT S HAD DIs CK TROOPS, HAD FINAL- LY ¢ HAD GRO AND Tro s CS ts not always FOUR COUR ARMY (CHAMPIONS OF FREEDOM MURD CONTINUED FROM LAST PAGE INDEPENDENCE DAY - 1969 stitute a new government,’’ The desertion movement is an integral part of the movement for basic change in the United States, as well as part of the struggle of the Vietnamese people. While the military tis the foremost tool of US imperialism in oppressing the Vietnamese people, it is now clear that National Guard, reserve, and even active army units will be employed to repress people at home under the guise of riot con- trol. The war Is being brought home in a very real sense, but the rulers of America can feel secure only as their army remains tn their control, Their greatest fear is that the army, their first line of de- fense against’ the people, will de- sert them, Already signs of weakness are showing. GIs are demonstrating a- gainst the war, refusing orders for Vietnam, refusing riot duty, protesting intolerable conditions within the military, And they are deserting. The Senate Armed Serv- ices Subcommittee reports that in fiscal 1968 there were 53,357 de- sertions--an increase of 30% over fiscal 1967, This means that some- one deserts from the US mill- tary every ten minutes. Why this big increase? More and more soldiers are beginning to see that the war In Vietnam, the oppression of the poor in the United States, and the ruthless re- pression of dissent in the mili- tary makes a shambles of what they were taught In school In America. They see that they were the ones who were given the worst jobs or ISED, BEEN KILLED MEMBERS OF THI 24TH INFANTR} T-MARTIALED. THE DEMOCRACY) PROCEE TAGE THE LARGEST ER TRIAL IN THE SEVENTEEN WHITES AND SIXT} ALL WERE MASS HISTOR} no jobs at all at home, then were drafted or forced to enlist, and now ire being used to oppress the Viet- hamese people people at home, In this situation, the existence of communities of deserter exiles in countries such as Sweden, France, and Canada, actively working to encourage and promote desertion, poses a severe threat to the establishment and provides an in- valuable weapon for the opposition movement in the United States We are first and foremost Americans, part of that movement, and dedicated to its success, In Sweden, we have the support of the majority of the Swedish people, 805, of whom In 1966 took a stand for the immediate with- drawal of all US and allied troops from South Vietnam. The hollow threats of Secretary of Defense Laird to increase punishments for desertion and to sharpen control of deserters in Sweden are of no consequence to us, The govern- ment of the United States and from the peoples of the world, so much so that embassy officials in Sweden complain that they are rarely, if ever, called upon to speak as re- presentatives of thelr government, On the other hand, deserters are constantly being requested to speak on desertion and conditions in the United States, We greet Nixon's promise of complete withdrawal with the ut- most scorn and scepticism, Should his promise by some unprece- dented good chance be fulfilled, we would welcome this asa victory for is well as OF THE MILITARY OVER HUNTER, NE- ULS, HANGING, DED [MPR SENTENCED THIR NEGRO SOLDIBRS TO DEATH BY FORTY-ONE ISONMENT 3h HELD PENDING FURTHERIN VESTIGATION, the National Front for Liberation of South Vietnam, But there is no reason to expect fulfiliment-- look at the record of Nixon's first 100 days: he has sent an addi- tional 3000 US and 1500 Thal troops; he has Increased theaver- age monthly tonnage of bombs dropped on 6-52 raids from 115,000 to 129,000; he has more than doubled the monthly average of B-52 raids; and he has steadily increased reconnaisance fights over Hanol and Haiphong. Intru- sions into Laos and Cambodla by US marines supported by B-52s have been reported openly in the American press. From these concrete actions, not from promises, we determine the true intentions of the Nixon regime. Until such time as all foreign troops are driven from Vietnamese sofl, until the Viet- namese people are victorious in their Struggle for independence, and until the American people are free in their own land, we shall continue to intensify our efforts in the struggle, When US imper- lalism abroad is completely crushed, and when the oppressive system at home ts totally destroyed--only then will the peo- ples of the world have their chance to achieve Independence, and only then will the American peopletruly possess the independence they celebrate on this day. Stockholm: July 4, 1969 The American Deserters Com- mittee November 1, 1917 UNITED STATES. COURT, BY BRIG, PRESIDED GENERAL G. TEEN TO LIFE IND OTHERS TO THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 1%9 PAGE 19 CONT, FROM LAST WEEK Pig O,Brien.. have shot him then and there. But he backed away, remember- ing his policeman’s training.” Mrs. Hawkins, he shouted, “should be in jail for perjury The blood of Baskett is on her hands. I don't know how she can sleep at night.” He repeatedly returned to racism, and told the jury that the residents of Brush Place had manufactured “a false facade of hes, chicanery and trickery," and that Giubbini had “patched “| want to kill a Nigger so goddamned bad | can taste , up all these stories to make them fit one mold." The “litany . | , of lies” was to be expected, however: “You must realize we're if . dealing here with people of little or no moral honesty or integrity.” Carl Hawkins, in Ehrlich’s peroration, became “Mr. Holier than Thou,” “Old Mr, Prayer Meeting" and, most often, “The Deacon,” after Ehrlich said that Hawkins reminded him of [o’BRIEN's TESTIMONY] tured" the story of O'Brien kicking Baskett, Ehrlich said, and was in any case “a sanctimonious little liar." ICHAEL O'BRIEN TOLD HIS OWN sTORY earnestly and In the middle of the attack on Hawkins, Ehrlich suddenly well. He'd had a few nips of the Red Mountain said, “I'd better stick to the record; otherwise, I'll be accused burgundy, it was true, but he wasn't drunk at all... . of being a racist or something.” . He would never do a thing like theatening a girl “These people,” Ehrlich told the jury, apparently relishing th a long walk home—he was only a little put out because the hated phrase, “would have killed . . . O'Brien, and they ¢ had turned moody and was spoiling his “fun day.” would have killed you, too, if you'd been there. They have ; ‘When Baskett attacked him with a stick, he said, he tried to absolutely no respect for an oath, the truth or for common ; him “between the knee and the thigh, but the gun decency. They would just as soon sacrifice you as they did ced and didn't go off,” so he thought it was empty. this boy here.” "s this man with a club," O'Brien explained. “He Otis Baskett, whom Ehrlich accused of “bobbing, weaving real lunge at me. I backed away but he caught me and double-talking,” became “that big phony.’ And what . the right side of the head. I fell backward and hit the David Anderson became was something else again. ? ‘ground, As I'm falling backward the gun discharged.” “This boy is a member of SDS and hates police as sure as ‘The stick, he said, looked bigger in the alley. I'm standing here. He hates them and would shoot them if ‘ n d, when they told him in the police station that Baskett he had a chance. .. . (He) is a vicious young punk who wants us dead, he said, “I couldn't talk any more. I was crying." _ to destroy our government . . . our homes, our children, 200 also said that his “Gas Huey" tie clip (which he wore in years of American democracy and the flag and all that stands - Hunter's Point ghetto during Huey Newton's trial) was for." ly a gag. It didn’t have anything to do with gassing Huey. But it wasn't America that Ehrlich wanted the jury to see O'Brien was convincing, and the jury probably didn’t pay Anderson as betraying; that was incidental, that much attention to the one serious use of physical “I can realize our black brethren sticking together,” the dence by Giubbini, who asked O'Brien to demonstrate what tiny lawyer intoned. ‘‘They do things I don't approve of, but had happened. Ican understand. What I can't understand is Anderson coming When he demonstrated, his gun arm—inevitably—moved. apparently from a good home and selling his soul to prove his u d. Giubbini quietly pointed out that 1) the bullet that hatred for a policeman, what he calls a pig.” (Anderson id Baskett traveled downward, and 2) there were no powder testified that he never uses the term “pig."") } on Baskett’s clothes, as there would have had to have Ehrlich called one or another witness “liar, “punk,” according to O'Brien's reenaction. (A .38 police revolver “knucklehead,” “little fool,” “perjurer,” “*killer."’ He charged Spray powder into clothing three feet away. It's hard to that Giubbini had deliberately implied that all 19. policemen Buy over the head with a 23-inch stick from more than, who testified were liars and had “manufactured evidence,” and three feet away.) he added, “This breaks my heart when I see it.”’ ‘Giubbini got ina description of another episode in O'Brien's Finally, he wound up with an almost tearful plea for poor ‘when on a drinking spree at a Broadway topless joint victimized Mike O'Brien, begging, “Don't sacrifice this boy Pierre's, he took off after a topless waitress and chased on the altar of chicanery to get a few lousy, dirty votes. If her into her dressing room, waving his .38 all the way. O'Brien you don't find O'Brien not guilty, there is only one answer— tried to say that it was a water pistol, then backtracked _ when Giubbini seemed to know what he was talking about. _ But after hearing it all, Karesh decided it was irrelevant and _ tuled the Whole thing inadmissible. he rest of the witnesses all supported the prosecution in ne way or another, and several demonstrated that there was a nscious attempt to alter evidence in O'Brien's favor, But then the jury had the message: black people lie; white ole tell the truth, unless they're traitors to their race and i» _ Finally, nobody listened when Giubbini—who had started mild-mannered enough fashion, but who got increasing- incensed as he watched the Ehrlich-Karesh racism tandem— the police department for the errors and omissions in reports and investigations, and said that the original report ten without any black witnesses having been questioned) “some effort to . . . reflect what the lieutenant thought reflect, not what the facts were. . . We're talking,” he - jury, “about credibility in this case. We have to keep JAKE EHRLICH od Fc bs nad tee only one talking about credibility, The others __were talking about niggers. the Golden Gate Bridge.” He didn't say for whom Unaccountably, Ehrlich and Giubbini seem to have made an agreement in udvance not to interrupt each other’s closing Statements—and Giubbini is a gentleman, though it must have taken considerable effort AKE BHRLICH SPENT SIX DAYS On his summation. Not pre- For Judge Karesh, there is not even that excuse He sought paring it—giving it. It was the longest defense summa-to interrupt Ehrlich only when Ehrlich launched into a tirade tion in the history of San Francisco criminal law, It against the Chronicle, and then only on the grounds that the was also the most vicious, bigoted, nauseating, low and jury had been instructed to avoid or ignore all mention of ' pigsi performance any local courtroom has ever seen. Con-communications media during the trial! an to press suggestions, it was not racist; it was nothing that One lawyer who was there put his opinion graphically: me It is a disgrace to the Bar that the Bar Association did “Any judge with apy balls would have cut Ehrlich off right Z meet « [HYENAS] — the next day with censure and possible disbarment away. A member of the Bar is not allowed to make racist mind; it is a disgrace to the bench that Joseph Karesh remarks.’ A reporter who was at many of the trial sessions wa not hounded out of his robes—and out of town as well— said that Karesh’s role in the entire trial was vital: “The judge fo: letting it happen. Any Mississippi backwoods judge in the practically turned into a defense attorney” (the same reporter pet ten years would have told an attorney making the same also called Ehrlich “‘a racist of the Bilbo type" and said that “speech Lo tone it down. “al times, the word ‘nigger’ slipped out of his mouth acci- Ehrlich started things off by referring to Brush Place as “a dentally"’). hellhole, with 200 hyenas in there.” The jury reported itself deadlocked, ten to two (for acquittal, ak slashed at Alioto for “ordering” the trial because the it turned out), but the judge sent them back The jury asked for may ris “looking for the minority vote." instruction as to whether they should give weight to O'Brien's ing on a lectern with the stick used by Baskett, he police training—whether, in effect, they should expect more d, “Mike didn’t do what I would have done. I would restraint from him than from an ordinary twenty-seven-year- "a ; 7 =~ ‘aie | “the old prayer meetings down home.” Hawkins “manufac- old kid with a gun and a jug of Red Mountain. The judge refused to give such an instruction (Giubbini wanted it, Ehr- lich didn’t); shortly thereafter the jury acquitted Michael O'Brien (HOW IT HAPPENED HERE] “For two or three years there was wonderful rapport between the blacks and the police department, The police weren’! shooting at people, and they weren't getting shot at.” —FORMER S.P. POLICE LIEUTENANT DAN ANDREOTTI FTER O'BRIEN WAS INDICTED, Reverend Hamilton Bos- well said, “We hope you white folk mean business when you say law and order and equality for ail.’ But the O'Brien incident and the trial reveal instead a case study of the distortions of justice that are produced by a pervasive crisis of authority in American cities: the growing independent power of the police, who are so determined to HE killed George Baskett. * “protect their own” and so virulent in their racisin that they assert a virtual license to kill; and the politicians and the legal system that go along, essentially granting that license. To understand the way the O'Brien case played itself out, one must see how the conditions that set the stage for it came about. Thomas Cahill was lifted to the top echelon of the S.F. Police Department on a wave of reform that shook the department up in the mid-1950's. He was noted then for the integrity he had shown working in Senator Estes Kefauver’s famous crime investigation in 1950-1951. And he was remem- bered even better for the case of Inez Burns, an abortionist who had offered him and his partner a quarter-million-dollar payoff. They turned it down. The partner was named chief in February 1956, and Cahill succeeded him when he died in September, 1958. As the 1960's began, Chief Cahill started to feel the pressure of the rising consciousness of the civil rights movement fused with the insistence of its leaders that something be done to make the police more sensitive to the needs of the black community. In 1962, without much personal enthusiasm, he established the police Community Relations Unit (CRU). To head up the new program he chose Lieutenant Dante (Dan) Andreotti, a native San Franciscan and a man who had spent 21 years on the police force. Andreotti was directed by Cahill to go out into the community and “teach respect for law and order.” For this task he was given one assistant. “I was naive,"’ Andreotti now recalls, Andreotti started out by holding meetings and giving Speeches. But he found that that approach didn’t work, so he started bucking for more men (he ultimately got 15) and set them not to talking, but to listening—and helping. “To be effective, we had to address ourselves to social problems that could lead to police problems. We had to be involved, get around, know what the order of the community was. We practically lived in the neighborhoods.” CRU men went along on job interviews with men who had, minor police records, explaining to employers the meaning of the records and persuading them not to bar applicants from jobs. The policeman could indicate which offenses were minor, or where there were extenuating circumstances. In one case, & young man was under the impression he had been convicted of rape, which made finding a good job almost impossible, In checking his recordp the community relations officer found out that the individual had. been arrested and charged with rape, but that the charges Were later dismissed. Andreotti's men would sometimes make court appearances for defendants, urging judges to, parole people who could be found jobs, They would also try to have the arrest records of juveniles expunged or permanently closed. The CRU also raised money for things like a recreation center and for clothing for job applicants. Reprinted from RAMPARTS CONTINUED NEXT WEEK THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 199 PAGE 20 October 1966 Black Panther Party Platform and Program What We Want What We Believe FREE HUEY Minister of Defense. Black Panther Party 1. We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community We believe that black people will not be free until we are able to deter mine our destiny 2. We want full employment for our people We believe that the federal povernment is responsible and obligated to give cyery man employment or a guaranteed income. We behheve that if the white American businessmen will not give full employment, then the means of production should be taken from the businessmen and placed in the community so that the people of the community can organize and em ploy all of its peopl nnd give @ high standard of living 4. We want an end to the robbery by the CAPITALIST of our Black a Community We believe that this racist government has robbed us and now we are demanding the overdue debt of. forty acres and two mules Forty acres and two mules Was promised 100 years ago as restitution for slave labor and mass murder of black people. We will accept the payment in currency which will be distributed to our many communities. The Germans are now aiding the Jews in Israel for the genocide of the Jewish people. The Ger- mans murdered six million Jews. The American racist has taken part in the-slaughter of over fifty million black people; therefore, we feel that this is a modest demand that we make 4. We want decent housing. fit for shelter of human beings, We believe that if the white landlords will not give decent housing to our black community, then the housing and the land should be made into cooperatives so that our community, with government aid, can build and make‘decent housing for its people 5. We want education for our people that exposes the true nature of this decadent American society. We want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present-day society. We believe in an educational system that will give to our people a knowl- edge of self. If a man does not have knowledge of himself and his position in society and the world, then he has little chance to relate to anything else. 6. We want all black men to be exempt from military service. . We believe that Black people should not be forced to fight in the mili- — tary service to defend a racist government that does not protect us. We will not fight and kill other people of color in the world who, like black people, are being victimized by the white racist government of America. We will protect ourselves from the force and violence of the racist police — and the racist military, by whatever means necessary. 7. We want an immediate end to POLICE BRUTALITY and MURDER ~ of black people. We believe we can end police brutality in our black community by or- ganizing black self-defense groups that are dedicated to defending our black community from racist police oppression and brutality. The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States gives a right to bear arms. We therefore believe that all black people should arm themselves for self-defense. 8. We want freedom for all black men held in federal, state, county and city prisons and jails. We believe that all black people should be released from the many jails and prisons because they have not received a fair and impartial trial, 9. We want all black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their black communities, as defined by the Constitution of the United States. We believe that the courts should follow the United States Constitution 30 that black people will receive fair trials. The 14th Amendment of the — U.S. Constitution gives a man a right to be tried by his peer group. A peer is a person from a similar economic, social, religious, geographical, en- vironmental, historical and racial background. To do this the court will be forced to select a jury from the black community from which the black defendant came. We have been, and are being tried by all-white juries” that have no understanding of the “average reasoning man” of the black community 10. We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace, And as our major political objective, a United Nations-supervised plebis- cite to be held throughout the black colony in which only black colonial subjects will be allowed to participate, for the purpose of determining the will of black people as to their national destiny, When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and naturg’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effeet their safety and happiness. Pra- dence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient cases; and, accordingly. all experience hath shown, that mankind are more dispos@dte sufter, while evils are ufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But, when a long train of abuses and unsurpations, pur- suing invariably the same object. evinces a design to reduce them under ab- solute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such govern- ment, and to provide new guards for their future security BASTA YA! SABADO 20 DE SEPTIEMBRE 1969 p.8 IMPERIALISM. IN Larin AMERICA The major developments made at the end of the 19th century in ste- el, electricity, industrial chemis- try and oll were known as the ‘'Sec- ond Industrial Revolution’, And in- deed, a true revolution it could have been if the inventions and discoy- erles had been used to benefit the people, to feed, clothe, house, ed-; ucate and keep in health all the people s of the world, But Inst- ead, under capitalism, it continued and increased the suffering, star- vation and ignorance in the world, It fed the money-hungry pockets of the businessmen, Steel rails and locomotives were used to trans- form local businesses into large, national industries. Electricity permitted more complete mechan- ization for mass-production and along with it mass exploitation of the people. Advances in chemistry created new industries. More oil was discovered and new techniques for refining it. Industries grew richer and the man who worked to produce this wealth remained poor. a ‘new imperialism'’ was born, Imperialism is the control and exploitation of the people and nat- ural resources of a poor, ‘‘under- developed’’ country such as those in Latin America, by a rich in- dustrial country like the United States for the profit of big bus- iness, There are many changes in mod ern imperialism, 1, Economic power is concentrated in giant corporations and banks, 2. The United States emerged from the Second World War as organ- izer and leader. Previously, a bloc of nations competed with another bloc for the smaller countries which were rich in needed raw materials. There was’ no one- nation leader. 3. The main task is no longer to divide up the world, but to keep that world from shrinking. There is no room in capitalism for peo- ple’s governments, People’s gov- ernments are good for people, but bad for business. With wealth drawnfrom the labor ov Bolivian Indians, Venezuelan oil workers, and Brazilians, to name but a few, the U.S. seeks to buy control of all governments, Foreign aid is poured into an‘*un- der-developed’’ country on ‘‘loan’’, Why is it then that improvements aren’t made? Why Is the average yearly income in Latin America $253? Even this figure ts not ac- curate as the majority of the pop- ulation is far, far poorer, Some people live outside the money sys- tem altogether and barter what they can manade to grow on the poor unfertile land allowed them. Why do only 49.3% of Latin American children attend school at all?_ while only 17% finish grade sch- oo] and 2 % finish high school? * | Only 1% get,.to at - tend a university. Why are 3/4 of Latin Americans constantly hun- gry? The foreign aid, not only does not improve the lot of Latin Am- ericans, but makes matters worse by getting each country deeper and deeper into debt. The Nov, 1968 issue of Monthly Review reports: “During the years 1962 to 1966, the average annual service pay- ments on the external public debt of all Latin America was $1,596 million, During the same years, the average annual assistance from the United States to Latin Amerie- United States to Latin American countries, In the form of loans and grants, ammounted to $1,213, Thus economic assistance from the Uni- service requirements of Latin Am- erica as a whole!"’ This would certainly be a hope- lessly depressing picture of Latin America {f we couldn't say, ‘‘ But in one country, it’s not like that, In one country, the people have won, In one country, illiteracy has been wiped out. 100% of the child- ren go to school. Doctors come and hospitals are built in the remotest parts of the country where before, the people never heard of doctors. All our children have shoes now and clothing, All our people have food to eat. People live in houses now instead of shacks.’’ And in one La- tin American country this can be said, the small country of Cuba, The Cubans have founda way and are building their people’ s govern- armed to protect it, But who would want to destroy it? In April of 1961, the United Sta- tes attacked the south coast of Cuba with anti-Castro forces, The Cubans fought for themselves, for the system that the people had formed. They drove the foreign in- vaders from the Bay of Pigs, The United States has set up mil- itary training schools in Latin Am- erica with special courses tn anti- guerilla warfare. Money andarms are sent into Latin America in order to keep ‘‘sympathetic’’ gov- ernment s in control, governments that will enable Standard Ol and bank of America to operate smoothly and send back health pro- fits to the United States. It does- n't matter if the people are sick and in need, If they give any trou- ble a few minor reforms might quiet them, provided it doesn't cut too much into the profits. If that doesn’t work, send the army. The capitalists.are desperately trying to prevent another Cuba.~ They know that the people of La- tin America look, not to the U.S for inspiration, but to Cuba, not to Richard M, Nixon for leader- ship, but to men like Fidel and Che, The people are strong. Like the Cubans, they will fight and they will win, POWER TO THE PEOPLE FREE ® LOS SIETE LATIN AMERICAN STRUGGLES TORTURE IN NICARAGUA * MANAGUA, Nicaragua (LNS) -- Anastasio *Tachito* Somoza, Nic- aragua’s dictator, admitted to jour- nalists here that his agents wear hoods over their heads while tor- turing prisoners, so they won't be recognized later by revolutionaries and executed for their crimes. Somoza, apparently a connoisseur of repressive technique, told report- ers he prefers torture to “broken heads”, Meanwhile, Prensa Latina report- ed, & new group of guerrillas began operations near the agricultural co- lony of Nueva Guinez, The conser- vative Managua daily, La Prensa, reported that Somoza National Guard forces were flown into the area and that several farmers from the colony were arrested with their families under suspicion of coop- erating with the rebels. BRAZILIAN REVOLUTIONARIES Sao Paulo, Brazil (LNS)-- Sao Paulo saw its 28th bank robbery of the year Aug. 6, as urban guer- rillas stepped up their activities against the military regime, A trio of armed men liberated $5,000 amt took off ina car. Prensa Latina re- ported that there have been 61 po- litical bank robberies in Brazil In 1969, involving a total of $717,800. Also, five armed men attacked a printing supply house recently and carted off four printing presses worth a total of $10,000, Prensa Latina reported. Police, noting that the tactics used were similar to the recent wave of bank robberies, said that the assailants were : members of a “subversive organ- ization”. y COLUMBIAN GUERRILAS BOGOTA (LNS)}--Columbianguer- rillas engaged a unit of the Colum- bian Army in battle August 6, leay- ing one officer and six soldiers dead, according to an official com- munique, No mention was made of losses by the guerrilla fighters, Prensa Latina reported, The action occurred on the banks of the Guay- abero river in Antioquia province, where the anti-guerrilla unit was ambushed by members of the Army of National Liberation, arr * f--£ a 1956 vino y se acab6 y no habrdn elec- clones como prometido al pueblo de Viet- nam. El Presidente Eisenhower dijo que harfan elecciones, es posible que 80% del pueblo Je harfan votado por Ho Chi Minh-- el supuestamente terrible jefe comunistaenel norte, Pufs--no elecciones. Ho Chi Minh era el jefe del pueblo contra los franceses.Ayudé disciplinar muchos much achos y muchachas para Ja lucha de res- istencia, Fueron cogidos de las fuertes fam- ilias campesinas, con el estSmago, niervos y maneras revolucionarias tan fuertes como e] acero. Como Burchett nos dice, fueron prepara- dos ir y vivir entre la gente tribal, si fuese necesario, por lo demas de sus vidas. Se amaron Vietnamese o nucleos "Viet Minh’. Habra mucha gente tribal en Vietnam. Viven casi en la manera de los indios aqui. Nom- brar unos tribus: los Rhade, los M'nong, y los Jarai. Esta gente no confiaron en nadie, ni siquiera otros tribus. Una causa fue que les consideraron salvajes y les maltrataron. Es lo mismo aqufen los Estados Unidos, donde les trataron a los indios como éal- vajes y la cultura y la clerra han sido ro- bado del pueblo por su valor monetario. En las pelfculas siempre se llaman a los Indios “salvajes’’. Los ** Viet Minh"’ fueron disciplinados res - petar al punto de vista del pueblo, a sus costumbres y su modo de vivir, Si el tribu limaron los dientes hasta la cucia, los nu- cleos debran hacer lo mismo. Si adoraron los idoles de piedra o suplicaron a la mesa, los nGcleos lo hacian lo mismo, La gente tribal empezo a simpatizar y respetar a los nucleos, como si fueran en la misma familia, Era porque por la primera vez en sus vidas les trataron como iguales por ajenos. Los nicleos Vietnamese fueron disciplinados nun- ca criticarios en una manera mala, sino cuando fuese tiempo, ensenarles y mostrar- les lo malo en su modo de vivir. Les en- senaron también a los nicleos muchas cosas buenas, como el] uso de armas y trampas. Burchett nos da ejemplos del mostrar a los tribus lo malo en sus vidas. En una de las aldeas después de la estacfon de cultivo, todo fue comido después de unafies- ta. Entonces vino el recaudador de contri- buciones y recaudaba el arrendamiento. El pueblo tribal creyo que los ses les querian que sean esclavos y que xsean infelices, De- clan “Es el deseo del Dios que somos asi*’. Los nucleos les explicaron que no fué el deseo del Dios, sino el deseo primeramente de los franceses y después, de los Estados Unidos que les causaron pagar todas sus ganacias en impuestos. Al principio era muy dificil persuadir al pueblo de esta verdad, E] tiempo pasaba, revolyfo la gente y empezaba « pedir muchas preguntas, Después, regres$ y enseno lo que decfan los ndcleos. Al fin, vino el dfa cuando resolvfo a los nicleos y dijo, "Es la verdad, Lo que dicen es la verdad’’, Lloraba y des- pués s¢ anojaba y dijo, **Nuestro bosque esta lieno de elefantes, nuestra tierra esta buena, nuestra lomea esta rica, non vestimos de viejas parmpanillas rotas, debemos vivir mejor’’. Entonces dec fan, ‘Mira como nos engafian por nuestro trabajo del mes, Los frances nos dan una camisa vieja o panta- lones gastados . Para un gongo de bronce debemos darles un elefante o bufalos, Los diemistas de los Estados Unidos nos dan una botella de perfume o un jabéh para el tra- bajo duro de un dfa y les dan a nuestras mujeres unos abolarios y pedacitos de pano por muchos puercos y bufalo. El pueblo tribal es muy hermoso, (como dijeron los nucleos), Cuando se da su promesa se muera o sufran torturas pesimas en vez de estar Inflel. Su pensamiento es honesta y puro y @ la gente muy generosa, Se mue- ran antes de traicionar a un amigo, Otro ejemplo de los nucleos ¢ra despues del caimiento de ‘‘napalm"’ en las aldeas de los aeroplanos. ‘'Napalm’’ es un gas jaleado que se lanzan de aeroplanos, y cuando le golpea no se puede removerlo, Lo mas que trata, lo peor se hace. Se quema por el piel como Acido y lo mata o lo deja lisiado permentatemente. Los operativos locales derfan que los aeroplanos fuesen ‘'Kim Phiar'’ (el dfos que es un ave de fuego)) y que este dios les castiga a la gente tribal por su disobediencia por no vendiendo sus tlerrasni sus cosechas, La gente tribal lo creyd basta que los nucleos N.L.F. tiraron unos aves de fuego (aeroplanos) y la gente descubrio unas pilotas de los Estados Unidos ovendidos viet- nameses dentro de ellos. La mayoria de la gente tribal sostuvo a los ‘*Viet Minh" y ahora los N,L.F, totalmente. Su consigna es ‘*anti-titere, anti-imperialista” y esto la gente tribal sostiene con toda su alma, En la guerra contra de los frances se apoderaron de mucha tierra de los ricos ha- cendados ausentes y lo daron a los cam- pesinos sin tierra, Cuando Diem ascendo al poder, el y los Estados Unidos hicieron pre- YALSAB ADO 20 DE SEPTIEMBRE 1969 p.7 saraciones para recobrar la tierra. Despues que la recobraron juisieron que la gente viviendo en la tierra ke mNigaran arren- famiento wmjos, La gente eyo lar sus impresos del pulgar jocumentos para la tierra, Cuando to hive rehuzo pagar ar- rendamientos abajos, a policia y el ejér- cit fueron « las casas Ge la gente para olestaries, Al fin la geme se fatigaba tanto le la fe das ‘ esa i i hasta que huyo 1) junglo para edificar vis aldeas y un nuevo modo de vivir donde no se molesten Son famillare i ustedes estas tiéticus? La misma manera del robo de Is tlerra ce nuestros antecesores por elgobierno delos Estados Unidos? Nos pertenecian los bosques una vez, Y que Jo hagan ahora? Ganando bil- iones de dolares con la madera y minerales y lugares de esquiar hechos de NUESTROS bosques. Estas tacticas me suenan tan fami- liares, especialmente como se enganan nues- tros antecesores hasta que se firmen con un **x’"(no el empresa del pulgar) en sus doc- umentos y les haga n creer que se firma- ron por un cosecha de frijoles o credito en una tlenda, Me da cuenta de que se este gobierno se pueda enganarse a su propia gente, es posible hacerlo en otros paises también, No podemos separar la lucha por los Viet- namese en contra de los franceses y cuando empezo a luchar en contra de Ios Estados Unidos, porque en casi todos modos es la misma guerra excepto que el pueblo peleoen contra de dos paises diferentes--sino por la misma razon. No podemos decir como se envolvfo tan profundamente nuestro pafs. Sabemos que después de ja derrota de los franceses (ayudados por los Estados Unidos) ya envfamos unos miles de ‘‘consejeros”’ que en realidad eran militares y operativos de la policia ''C,1,A,"", Ayudaron a los ven- didos Vietnamese organizar a su ejercito y policia para quitarse de la gente trabajando por un gobierno mejor. Pero el gobierno del Diem fué tan malo que mas y més per- sonas empezaron a protestar y pelear en contra de él. Entretanto, en el norte, la sociedad construida por Ho Chi Minh, cre- cla mas fuerte y mejoraba. Los Estados Unidos enviaron soldados y mas soldados para ayudar a los vendidos en el Sur, hasta que hoy dfa hay mas o menos de medio milion. Tenemos que preguntar: ‘‘Porque van nuestros muchachos a luchar en Vietnam? Por que van al ejercito? La gente para que se envfan a pelear son pobres, lo mismo que nosotros. Por que va a pelear a personas en una situacfon peor que lo suyo? Es eso lo que quiere usted ponerse, un utensilio para matar y robar a pobres? Los ricos siempre usan el metodo de dividir y con- quistar, Lo usan ahora, Les usan los pob- res de este pafs para luchar a los pobres en Vietnam y en otros paises. ¥ es posible y agravarse, Un dfa se en- viaran usted 4 matar @ unas personas aun mas como si mismo--personas que hablan espanol y comen tortillas y aman 4 Sus familias, Aun si no se envian a usted a matar a los Vietnamese, es posible que se envien a matar a otros pobres. BASTA YA! SABADO 20 DE SEPTIEMBRE 1969 p,¢ &QUIENES SON ESTAS PERSONAS? POR VALENTINA DE EL GRITO DEL NORTE No supé nada de esta guerra, Personas decfan “la guerra en Vietnam® y sola era otra palabra; decfan “guerra no declarada” y no supe yo aun lo que querfa decir, sino sabf yo que mucha gente que yo conocfan estaban yendo a pelear esta guerra. No supe nada de esta guerra excepto lo que nos dijeron del combatir el comunismo. En- tonces lefun libromuy interesante nombrado- “Vietnam: La Hist6ria De La Guerra de Guerrilleros", por Wilfred Burchett, y un otro, “Vietnam, Vietnam”, por Felix Greene, Estos dos libros me dieron realidades de la Guerra en Vietnam, Ahora, cuando oigo de un muchacho de nuestra Raza, un muchacho pobre, un much- acho que no sabe nada de la Guerra on Vietnam, ha sido reclutado, o se enrola, me enoja, siento terrible. Me digo: Por que, por que vas a combatirenesta guerra? Es por que es la finica manera en que puedes gunarse la vida? O, es porque estas fatigado con tu pueblecite y tus parientes y quieres “ver e] mundo” © quizds tienes miedo de que tus amigos y amigas te llamen cobarde? ¥Y tambfen es porque no sabes nada de la guerra? Cuando escribla su Ubro, Burchett paso diez meses entre los guerrilleros N_L.F. trasnombrado por el gobierno la prensa aquf “Viet Cong Vietnamese Communists’. Su vida estaba en peligro muchas veces pero cuando un reporter quiere que la genta sepa la verdad no le importa la vida. Es lo mismo como una persona que lo da su vida a la Causa, No le importa si lo maten Si al fin lo darn justicia, Mberacfon, y la verdad a la gente, (al pueblo) Como y por que nos entramparon en esta guerra injusta? De repente, nos despiertan y estamos entrampado en una guerra, Estan despachando a nuestros hermanos y primos a una guerra de la que sabemos nada, Miren Uds, lo que nos dicen Burchett y Greene, Ya hace mucho tiempo que pelea la gente de Vietnam en contra de opresfon e imper- jalismo, (Hay imperialismo cuando un pafs grande,como los Estado Unidos, explota al pueblo y a las riquezas naturales de un pais mas pequeno) Antes de pelear esta guerra en contra de los Estado Unidos, peleaban en contra de los imperialistas franceses y antes de esto, en contra de los japoneses, E1 dinero impuesto del pueblo de los Estados Unidos pagoé 80% de los gastos de_la guerra frances, Por que Jo hizo este pais? En una oracfon en 1953 en Seattle, el Presidente Elsenhower dijo que 400 mil- jones de dolares mira ayudar a los franceses no era un programa sin ganancias, era solamente la manera mas barata de pre- venir algo terrible sucediendo a la sequr- idad de los Estados Unidos, y su poder y cabilidad obtener clertas cosas (comoestano y tungsteno) de las riquezas de la Asia del sureste, Eso os el razon porque no Cnvolvieron en Vietnam al principio, Entonces los Vietnamese derrotaron a los franceses en Dien Bien Phu, y los soldades franceses partieron y concurdaron en una conferencia du par en Geneva, Suiza. Todos 7 Conciert los Estados otnarmn quien ran vendidos a los franceses, Prometieron no violar concierto por fuerza o por am- Miza de fuerra, stos fueron los puntos mayores del con- clerto: 1) Todos concordaron er que la separacfon del Vietnam en dos partes - norte y sur - no era arreglo final, (Esta divisfon lo hicteron para permitir que se reunan los franceses en el Sur y se salgan del pafs, y jo aceptaron de buena fe por los Vict- namese quienes hablan peleado en contra de los franceses por tanto tiempo, los poderes mayores firmaron « de Geneva en 1954, 4 excep Unidos y los gobernantes de ESPANOLA, NEW MEXICO 2. Tomarfan elecciones dentro de dos anos para asequrarse de que se reunan el pafs. 3. Mientras tanto, ni el Norte ni el sur hara alianzas internacionales ni recibir ayuda militar de otros paises, Naturalmente, los franceses quisierontra- tar de mantener alguna influencia en Vietnam y los Estados Unidos quisieron asequrarse de que el goblerno se quedo en su mando, Asi, sin ninguna consultacion con la gente de Vietnam, los Estados Unidos dirigieron que un hacendado rico viviendo en los Estados Unidos, se pusieron como Pres- idente, Se llam6 Ngo Dinh Diem: Muy pronto Diem le mostro que era el dictador pesimo con represion salvaje a su oposicion, Solamente doce dffis después dle la firmacfon del Concierto de Geneva, pas6 un Incidente en Saigon, El pueblo hizo una demostracfon immensa principalmente cele- brar la firmacfon del concierto, con mucho aplauso, También presentd demandas para la liberacfon de prisioneros politicos de la guerra contra los franceses. Diem fue en contra de esto, porque conocfo que los prisioneros querfan un gobierno mejor que lo suyo, Su replica a las demandas del Pueble vino en una descarga de balas, Una mujer preneda fue fusiiada por el estémago y otras personts fueron matados, Mostr4 al pueblo el caracter de la regimen de Diem. Las fuerzas militares de Diem circundar- ian a los aldeas desputs las investigarfan, las invadirfin, arrestarfin, torturarfin y matarfan @ cualquiera persona en contra de los ricos en el poder, Mucha gente que no habia hecho nada les hacian victimas. Quise Diem borrar ideas o experiencias de la primera resistencf& contra los franceses, De una vez quiso hacer una lista de per- Sonas tomando parte en la resistencia, pero fue imposible porque casi todos capaces hombres, mujeres y ninos, participaron - desde los viejos hasta los nifios bastante grande para tomar un mesaje o paquete, Diem empez6 una campafia para denun- clar a los comunistas. Si una esposa habla participado en la resistencia, ella y su es- poso fueron forzados divorciarse y casarse otra vez para probar su sinceridad, Unos esposos fueron forzados divorciarse y ca- sarse otra vez para probar su sinceridad, Unos esposos fueron al carcel sin esper- anza de revolver, Unas famillas se fueron levados ai carcel yo nunca les supieron de ellos otra vez. Ni tomaron juicio, En esta manera miles y miles fueron matados, -. ee ee ee BASTA YA! SABADO 20 DE SEPTIEMBRE 1969 p.S Once again the people have shown how creat their power can de. September 15, day of Mexican national liberation,was celebrated by Raza students in San Franc- isco by walking oul of schoo!s, by going back into the communstty to close down the most blatant symbol of our people's oppression, Safeway,well known for Its treat- ment of the farmworkers, was cho- sen as the target for the people On independence day. The day started with ceremo- nles at Dolores Park, across the street from Mission High School, honoring Miguel Aleman, ex- President of Mexico, and now dir- ector of the Mexican National Tourist Bureau. He was Joined by Mayor ‘Mafioso’ Alloto tn placing Wreaths on the statue of Father Hidalgo. hero of the oppressed Raza of Mexico fur his role in the liberation, But thepeoplewere not allowed to participate in the ceremony. There were many dozens of police all over the park and the area, stopping and threat- ening students and anyone who looked like a student. They had provided a navy band to accom- pany the farce and the park was sprinkled with undercover placa. This is an annual event to fool the people, convince them that we are lucky to be Living in this<dem- ocracy’. When the pig’s thing was over, the people's ceremony began. Raza students from Mission High School La Raza in its struggles against the oppression put on the people of the Mission community by the rac- ist big businesses of our commun- ity. We, running the Children’s bre- akfast, the pooples program al- ready functioning at two locations in our community, feeding 150 chi- Idren a day because of the strong need to feed our hungry children, pay tribute to Los Siete de La Raza, Los Siete de La Raza are bro- thers involved in the same strug- gle as we are in meeting the needs of our people. Before their arrest they were involved in the need that our people have of getting into the racist school, the College of San Mateo, A need that they felt so great and worked at it so much that they were framed and are now charged with the murder of one of the well known torturers of our People, You may ask, ‘‘why were these seven brown men trying to get their people into a school which did not want them tn the first pl- ace’? This is an argument that has been put on the minds of the people by the rich men of this country, in just one method of keep- ing those people who cannot afford the luxuries of keeping this soc- jety thinking backward, If we are to follow the thinking set down by the rich man (whose big-business ig exploiting us {in the first place) then would not the only place where there is a strong demand for not only brown people, but all poor people, be the U.S. Army? Ask yourself, ‘‘What future Is there in death?’ Are you not able to see that they need the poor who have nowhere else to go to fight the wars of big business? Are you not able to see that there is no future for what this country calls ‘‘un- educated people’? Uneducated be- LA RAZA STUDENTS SHUT DOWN SAFEWAY gathered together In front of the school around 12:15, The placa were everywhere, trying tointim- idate the students. A line of march was formed going straight to the nearest Safeway, 2ist and So, Van Ness. Led by red Mags and es- corted by the Tac Squad, the peo- ple, hundreds strong, hit andclo- sed down the store. Next door, at the grammar school, the ninos were cheering and clapping. They too got signs and posters and join- ed in the chanting. About 1/3 of the crowd went on to the 30th and Mission Safeway and 1/3 to the one at 24th and Potrero, leafletting and singing all the way. The 24th Street group pulled in people as it went and the escort kept up with us, stopping all ‘suspected criminal types’ In the line. At the Safeway, a cheer- ing crowd waited along with 5 full carloads of riot-equipped pits and all the favorite plainclothes- men, After about one hour of ‘Free Los Stete’’ and ‘Squash Grapes"’ the pigs moved tn, arresting two of our people, Martin Montemayor, from Mission High, and Michael Ohta, from Galileo, on typical placa charges, to try to get the crowd agitated, But the people stayed together, kept the Safeway shut down and got legal defense working for our carnales, The ine broke off but the struggle will continue as long as the Raza Is oppressed in this country and in our homelands, cause they keep us uneducated by not allowing us into the colleges, and therefore benefitting from us not having anywhere else to go but into the army, Their Army. Los Siete was creating alterna- tives for the oppressed people, An alternative that would mean they could finally get Into the colleges and bring back into the community what could help oppressed people to get out of that oppression. The police, being tools of the big-bus- inessmen were put into action in stopping these seven brothers, and as you have already read from the big-business newspapers, decided that these seven brothers were punks and hoodlums and to top it all that they were murderers, Have the courts decided whether they were murderers or not? With the trials not even started, how could this be so? What think- ing are you now going to take, that of serving the people or that of the big-business, and exploiting the ople? There is no middle. We in the breakfast already are presenting a problem ( from the big-business point of view) to this racist establishment, First, we who do not have the billilons of dollars this government has, are able to feed our hungry children, This is something which shows the people that they can start meeting their needs without having tocome under the welfare type attitude which this government does when it throws a few dollars into any op- pressed community, At the same time that this gov- ernment (run by the big-business) cuts back on the welfare recipients the little they do have, it is able to spend billions of dollars sending men to the moon and still have three (3) billion dollars in surplus and not know what to do with it, Are you not able to see some sart FIGHTING FOR SELF DETERMINATION On September 16, hundreds of students walked out of the oppres- sive Mission High School in San Francisco, leading marches to four pig Safeway stores inthe Mis- Sion district, with flags and ban- ners and love for their brothers, Demonstrations of support for and solidarity with striking farm- workers were highly successful tn their basic goals of educating the community and stopping business at the pig Safoways. In this, their first action of this school year, Mission students for the first time have laid a foundation for unity with all oppressed and exploited people. While the police, fearful of this growing unity among the people, carried out provocative pig actions (17 arrests) against the walkout and demonstrations from start to finish, they were unable to destroy the united demonstra- tions of the people. Safeway’ s pro- fits were hurt. And the movement of brown people In the Mission has grown to a new levet, Because the demonstration was so close to the start of school, preparations were necessarily limited. Several days of leafleting students, and one day of massive leafletting throughout the com- %+ 4 * t J incorrect, are you going tocorrect it? Perhaps dying serving the peo- ple’ Perhaps being framed like Los Siete are being framed because there Is a need for poor people to be able to go to college Instead of our men having to die in wars which will not better their future, but instead end up taking from ot- hers so that the rich will get richer and the poor get poorer So | say again, we presenta pro- blem to the big-business because people are able to see the con- tradictions in this society, as well as they can organize themselves around their needs and create pro- grams that will benefit them, Whe- ther it be setting up day care cen- pot contradictions in this? If this is munity, consisted of the prepara tion. There was not enough timet talk with enough of the studen to get all of them out--especiall the black and whitestudents. Many students, becatise they didn’t fully understand the action, didno’ participate. But the 300-400 wh did walk out, who did demonstrat learned valuable lessons. They learned, first, the power of organ- ized actions against the enemy; together, they were able to st most of the business of the pig Safeways in thelr community. From the encounters with provo- cative pigs, they learned abouttac- ties, they learned about the nec- essity of unity and organization, A thousand days In schoolhave not taught as much as a single day in struggle. We must educate all our people to the fact that the pig wants to keep us apart and the only way to fight them Is with unity and or- ganization. September 16, 1811 Is the date of Mexican liberation fromoppres-~ sive Spanish rule. September 16, 1969 {is the date when all brown People have entered a new stage in the liberation struggle against the bloodthirsty giants of Amer- ican imperialism. You will not be able to forget it. POWER TO THE PEOPLE FREE LOS SIETE DEATH TO THE SAFEWAY ters in every block so that par- ents can be able to go out and at least have a chance to look for a job, or just to be able to work, Having their children being aken care of in a people's day care center, something they will feel proud of because it is something that they created and have been able to run the way they want it to run, Is there not a need to have something ike this in our community? If yes, what will you do about it? Go out and get to- gether the people of your neighbor. hood to create something like this? Or sit back, and just have this idea that could be a benefit to the peo- ple, and you being too lazy to in- Richmond Walkout Over 400 Chicano and other stu- dents walked out. The first walk-out took place at North Campus, The students then moved to Downen Jr, High, At Downen the pigs had locked all the gates in order to keep the kids in but the students stormed the fences to join the brothers and Sisters waiting outside, The bro- thers and sisters then passed by North Campus again and picked up more strength. They then moved on the Safeway at 23rd and MacBride, Bursting into the store they destroy- ed all the grapes, They then began to march on South Campus, After picking up more students at South Campus, they began moving up Mac- Donald Avenue to another Safeway. About 2 blocks from the Safeway the pigs arrived, 6 cars, | wagon, and began making arrests, Every- body split in different directions and some people made it tothe Safe- way which was closed. The pigs busted about 75 kids for truancy, including one Brown Beret, who was riding with a Richmond city Human Relations officer observing the ar- rests; the pig stopped the car he was in and he was arrested, Safeway was dealt withina correct fashion, We must make it clear that La Raza will tolerate neither scab grapes nor oppression. RICHMOND BROWN BERETS j troduce it to the people? Are you al o sitting back while these Se- yen brothérs are being tortured because they wanted to see our children be able to go to college, because they too loved you so much that they wanted to stop those who are oppressing you? We, who love our children so much that we have created some- thing for them as the free break- fast, support Los Siete and ask that you too stand up and fight the injustice, ALL LOVE TO OUR CHILDREN FREE LOS SIETE DE LA RAZA Jose Delgado BASTA Y.\t SABADO 20 DE SEPTIEMBRE 1969 p.4 — LIBERATE LA RAZA SCHOOLS” On Sept, 16, La Raza demanded that the racist school systems be- gin meeting the needs of its youth. In every barrio in the country similar conditions exist. The buildings are almost always ugly and unsafe. There never seems to be money for our scho- ols but the schools the children of the rich go to never seem to lack funds. But ugly, unsafe bulidings are only a minor part of the problem, When a young brother or sister first enters the schools, chances are he doesn’t speak English too well. For this, racist teachers put- him down, he is held back, and in some areas, placed in classes for the mentally retarded, They know our youth could learn fine in Spanish, but by denying him the right to learn in his native lan- guage, they hope to convince him he is stupid, his language and cul- ture are inferior, and to crush his spirit Because we are brown, and our parents are not rich, Raza youth are put into special ‘‘tracts’’ whose purpose is to elther make us drop out (and into the army) or tO chan- nel us into the hands of the big companies, These “tracts'’ leach us nothing of our history, nothing of the struggles our people have fought and are fighting. The only things we learn are what the big corporations want us to, If we look around at al! the bro- thers and sisters who have been forced out of school, we can see that the schools are not serving us. Who are they serving? The only Who benefit by ‘tracts denying Us our language ulture and hiding our history r wealthy people who large companies, They who won't fight, They know Lf th youth were to recelve a real ed- ucation, there wouldn't be any more bosses. peopl ‘This day comes to us with a new dispensation. Are you ready to receive it? Will you make an ef- fort to recover from the hated Spaniards the lands stolen from your forefathers 300 years ago?’ With these words Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla called upon the oppres- sed people of Mexico to rise up a- gainst their Spanish masters, The date was September 16, 1810. The people Hidalgo was calling upon to revolt were the masses of Indians and Mestizos who suffered under the colonial rule of Spain, Another group of people, the cre- oles (Mexican born Spaniards) wanted freedom from Spain also, but only so they could get all the wealth that was taken from the peo- ple. When faced with a choice be- tween the Spanish and a revolut- ion of the masses, they choose the Spanish, Under the leadership of Father Hidalgo, an army of some 50,000 peasants began to capture town af- ter town. On Nov, 26, this army entered Guadalajara, and began to establish a new government struc- ture, Hidalgo issueda series of de- crees which made owning slaves a capital crime, abolished the trib- ute Mestizos and Indians paid to the Spanish, and reserved certain lands for the Indians, On January 13, 1911, Hidalgo learned that the Spanish were mov- ing on him. Rebel troops went to engage them on the banks of the calderon River. As the twoarmies clashed, itwas clear that the Spanish had the best weapons, but this didn't stop the rebels, For the first few hours the Spanish were on the verge of being routed, Then a cannon ball struck the rebel ammunition wagon, which ex- ploded killing hundreds, The flames quickly ignited the dry grass which covered the area, The wind drove the fire and smoke Into the midst of the rebel army, kill- ing thousands and sending the rest in flight, In six hours the liberty of Mexico was delayed ll years. Shortly after this defeat, the Span- ish caught Hidalgo and executed him. But an enslaved people will not rest until] it is free, Thus More- los and de Iturbide who freed Mex- ico from Spain, Zapata and Villa who led the peasants against the rich, and even now we hear of peasants picking up the gun in Son- ora and Yucatan ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! | Why is it that a middle class school (schools in middle class areas) have such an outstanding record while a practically Third World school (Black,Red, Yellow, Brown, and White, poor people of the world) have such a miserable one?--Such as Mission High---- Why is it that poor peoples’ Schools the students don’t have any say so in the running of the sch- ools and if they to try to.they get kicked out? Is it because Third World peo- ple are ignorant. NO! It is on purpose! It is no accident; the rich in power want it that way, The rich need laborers to do thelr work, any they know that college graduates don't pick uptrash. They want us to be kept ignorant of our situation, When their consciences hurt the rich can simply say, ‘‘we are too ‘ignorant’. The day must come when ali can be taught to helo themselves and their brothers, Ignorance must be overpowered by the people, The people learn to belp themse) ves and help their brothers and not work for one man that does not help him but keeps him down. Students must learn to ask for what we want and help in getting things Jone, Stop falling into the trap of the tracking system, Force the rich to give us back what they so long have stolen from us! We must find out about ourselves, stop fighting with each other and fight the man that has kept.us apart and down, FREE bess SIETE Ve Rich men make decision _ and Brown people get laid off tir jobs, get evicted from their eS, get beat up in the stre- -by racists cops. Decisions are as if Brown people don’t St, by men in plush chairs be- long mahogany tables, men 0 know nothing about Brown peo- except that they are a cheap ‘Source of labor power. The mass- 8 of Brown people are not to be rs of property or businesses, the poorest class of laborers, be used for the hardest jobs: cotton in the Southwest, g in garment factories and _ ‘This has always been true. The 'r companies of Arizona, from ‘right through the 1940's, car- Mexican employees on the olls under a special heading of n Labor" and paid them 5 ; for the Same labor, In Tex- ithe Shell Oil Company had two Ss of pay for the same work’: ‘white’ rate for Anglos! and a ‘non-white’ rate for Brown and Black people. 8 worse today, even though the ins have done their best to up with Poverty Programs ud welfare, A good example of il Politicians Le to the people ds or Alloto’s ‘‘Mini-Park"', an effort to smooth over the fact ‘that the Mission District falls 65 short of the minimum re- nts for parks, set by the ity of San Francisco itself for ninimum human existence. ~ And oto"s “*Mini-Park"’ is getting smaller’’ as even more new are crowded into the Mis- Fewer andfewer jobs, higher and higher prices; where is this going to @nd? Well, take a lookat where the problems begin--where the de- lsions are made. | Every four years, 500 or so of the world’s most powerful busin- “@osmen meet to decide how to get the most profit out of the peo- Ple and natural resources of the world. These men sit on th ¢ Bo- ards of Directors of U.S. Steel, Bank of America, Standard Oil, and other huge banks and corpor- ations that have offices and in- “a Jal plants all over the world, This year, onSeprember 15 through 19, these men wil be meeting at 4 | Cin Syuicunctuinrnaar DUSTRIALIOTO ¥s the International industrialist Con- ference in San Frncisco. To get an idea of whar they'll be talking about and planning, look at what they've planned in the past: First of all, they have decided that it doesn’t pay to have fact- ories in San Francisco anymore. It's much cheaper to pay workers in Latin America and Asia to make commodities they sell. In Latin America the standardof liv- ing is so much lower, so the big businesses don’t have to pay the workers so much. People work for a dollar a day and less, So, a fac- tory in Latin America is much more profitable than one here in San Francisco. Ford now has fac- tories in Brazil and Argentina, Kodak makes photographic paper In Mexico, As a result, workers in San Francisco and Fremont are be- ing laid off. U.S, corporations are making more than 3 billion in profits every year from Latin A- merica, while 2 million people die of starvation and curable diseases there and unemployment is going up drastically here in the U.S. This is called imperialism. But what does imperialism have to do with the people in San Fran- cisco and the Mission District? Everything, Because it's not profitable, there’s almost no industry left in San Francisco anymore, If you don’t have an expensive education, it’s almost impossible to get ade- cent job, Unemployment in San Francisco is going up; it’s at lS for the general population and 18%, for Brown men, As industry is moved out to La- tin America and Asia, it’s nec- essary to do all the paper work back here near the Port of San Francisco, to keep track of all the money, Look at all the new banks and insurance and investment com- panies, San Francisco is being transformed from a factory to an office building for Unired Stares imperialism, So, there’s now a big demand for white collar work- ers to man the office. Mission peo- ple don’t get the education for this kind, of work, so they just aren’r needed anymore, The big businesses need the kind of skilled workers that live on the Peninsula, So, they’re building BART, Bay Area Rapid Transit, to get these wockers back and forth, - DEODL Ir just so happens that Bechtel Corporation, the largest construc- tion outfit in the world, is build- ing BART, making millions in pro- fit, while working people pay taxes to build BART, Steven Bechtel and Steven Bechte], Jr., will be at the Internationa Industrialist Con- ference this year, of course, BART will have two street-le- vel entrances on Mission Street, at loth and 24th Streets. This does not mean just two holes in the‘ ground; Missin Street is going to be unrecognizable pretty soon. No more small stores, no more old flats. In a few years there will be huge cement plazas along Mis- sion St., complete with huge foun- tains and trees, surrounded by su- per-modern high rise office build- ings. Big, modern department stores will replace our homes, ex- pensive, high rise apartments will be built where only bank execu- tives can afford to live. In short, the men who are rak- ing billions of dollars in profits from their investments in Latin America , Asia and Africa, don’t need Mission people anymore and they are WIPING US OUT, The Same thing is happening to black people in the Fillmore, Chinese people in Chinatown and white workers all over the city. It’s easy to see why the people of Vietnam are fighting to kick the U.S, out of their country, and why the people of Latin America riot- ed when Nelson Rockefeller dared to visit their countries, At the be- ginning of this article we asked, “Where do our problems end?"’ The people of Vietnam and Latin America know that their problems will end with the end of imper- jalism. People in San Francisco are Starting to fight too, There will be demonsmrations during the week of the HC (International Industrialist Conference), Nobody expects the Bank of America or Bechtel Cor- poration to listen, but what wehave to do is let all poor and working people know about what the men at the IIC are doing to them, Wehave to let people know that it’s not ‘crime inthe streets" that’s caus- ing our problems, as Nixon and Reagan would have us think, It's the crime of imperialism that we must fight in any way we can, *ABADO 20 DE SEPTIEMBRE 1969 p.3 TO ALL BROWN BROTHERS IN NAM: Do you actually know what you are joing there’ 1 can remember when I was in the suck-ass service, The lifers would tell me and the rest of the brothers that we were inthe ser- vice to preserve freedom andtostop Communism over in the Nam, I fucken really ate that shit up until I started to look Into these so-called words and really find out the true meaning of these words, Freedom is not being able to buy a car or being able to walk down “The Boulevard”, That is the basic right ofall people, just as it is a basic right tohave the power to determine your owndestiny or any other peoples basic right to determine their own destinies, Don't you ever wonder who sent you there? Some fucked up senator or congressman who is sitting in some air-conditioned office picking his nose but still he has the power to tell you when to give up your iife, I know some of you dudes just want to pull your time and get back to your broad and the block. I was that way. I would have really dug it if someone would have written me about that insane bullshit war. The Vietnamese vato knows why he is fighting there because he Is fight- ing for his country not just to pull his time because if he loses, where is he going to go? His pad and his broad are there and not at home low-riding somewhere in the States, In the service it’s fucking S.O.P. to keep your head fucked up about the war and to keep you fighting for the man, F,T.A. for any army that is not serving the people's in- terests. The Vietnamese war is not serving the ordinary worker here in the states. It is only serving the rich who are making the profit from the bombs, planes, and all the rest of the war equipment. Write and ask your folks and friends how they feel about the war, It’s not only the hipples who are protesting the war, but all people who are in- terested in you brothers over there. We have enough worries here at home as you know, But still we are sent over there telling people howto get straight when, in reality, we are not even half straight here at home, What a fucken laugh! VENCEREMOS POWER TO THE PEOPLE ae BASTA YAISASADO 20 DE SEPTIEMBRE 1969 p.2 BASTA YA! ts published by Los Siete de La Raza. It comes out four times a month---twice as BASTA YA! --in English and Spa- nish--and twice with the Black Pan- ther Paper. BASTA YA! is a newspaper deal- ing with La Raza all over Aztian and the rest of the Americas, It is dedicated to the ‘freedom of our seven brothers--Los Siete-- leaders in the Brown Liberation Movement, Our thanks to the Black Panther Party for making this publication possible SEND LETTERS LoS SIETE BROTHERS José Mario Martinez Rodolfo ‘Tony’ Martinez Gary Lescallet Danilo ‘BeBe’ Melendez Nelson Rodriguez Jose Rios MAIL To: Roo re) Al To: Room 720, 350 BRYANT Smee SERVE FREE TONY MART|NEZ 850 BRYANT ST. HALL OF INJUSTICE SAN FRANCISCO FREK 05 7 BY SHOWING YOUR SUPPORT LOS SIETE DE LARAZA UNO DE kOS SIETE TO ALL BRC AND LOS SIETE omments and Articles for print may be sent To: BASTA YAI P.O. Box (2217 SISTERS I wrote this poem in honor of all my sisters in the cause, as a tribute to them for they have al- ways been, are and will be there to help our movement whenever the necessity arises, MY BEAUTIFUL BROWN WOMAN To you who has suffered in this continent of ours since early to modern times, at the hands of the oppressor-- Who rode across the seas only to dishonor and rape your virginal pride To you, my beautiful bronze queen, the loveliest queen of all You, who has picked up the fight after your man has died--To de- fend your culture and land Although you have suffered you have always had time to heal my wounds and to bear my child And lastly to you, the pride of our hearts Who we know will always be there to strengthen our fight That if I wasn’t to have 1 would prefer to have died. Much love from a brother in the cause TONY MARTINEZ SEND DONATIONS TO: CHARLES GARRY 341 MARKET ST. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Subseviption Order for BASTAYAI SK E)months for $1-S0 Flease mail my GASTA YA! Subsevjplion ta: hame Address xo | Cc ily Sate eS a Please mail check of Ino oder and Sulss Ovigtion Form To: LOS SIETE C/o BASTA Yal RO. BOX 12AI7 SAN FRAN Cisco, CALIFORNIA BOBBY SEALE! eee TO FREE OUR 7 BROTHERS SAS FRAN CISCO, CAL FORNIA > Bu - +e a , Po. BOX 12217 SAN FRANCISCO, COLIFAS, AZTLAN ADO 20 DE SEPTI BAGTH YH! LOS SIETE DE LA RAZA ee i —_——wa |SPECIAL WALKOUT ISSUE WALKOUTS - PAGE 4 & 5 [IC-- PAGE 3 = —.e we Owe Oe ee eee ee ee ee eee ee eee ———