Vol. 4, No. 10

“THE BLAGK PANTHER 2° ‘Black Community News Service VOL, IV NO, 10 TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 , o + MINISTRY OF INFORMATION EERE THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY cae WEEKLY HAPPY BIRTHDAY HUEY THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 2 The Genius Of Huey P. Newton In order to truly understand the contemporary situation of the Black man in ameriKKKa life it is important to understand the history of mankind in general, One basic or primary drive in the history of man is the desire to be free of all external controls, and our basic pre- mise is that man wants to be free. However, a man living in modern society is characterized by his subjection to both external (sociologi- cal) and internal (psychological) forces which control him and there- by thwart his desire to be free, Freedom will require men to gain control of these forces which determine his existence and behavior. The internal forces which influence and determine behavior were recognized by Freud as subconscious forces. He realized that many people become ill because they feel driven by subconscious forces to do things while at the same time they feel another subconscious re- plusion from doing these same things. Feeling they have no control whatsoever over their behavior they become mentally ill. To free man from these inner forces psychoanalysis attempts to make him aware of these unconscious energies on the assumption that such awareness is the first step toward controlling them, rather. than be- ‘*An unarmed people are slaves or subject to slavery at any given time,”’ HUEY P, NEWTON Minister of Defense, Black Panther Party mate of capitalism -- where a group of owners have men enslaved simply for his own profit motive, We have moved away from this feudalistic land-centered economy in this country to a factory- cen- tered production-economy.Yet the samerelationship exists between the private owner and the worker because the factory is only a replace- ment of the farm, It is now the center of production and the factory owner is not interested in production for use but production for pro- fit. Such a relationship negates the whole freedom of man. Thus it is extremely necessary for the people to sieze the means of produc- tion in order to gain the freedom. People everywhere want to elimi- nate the slavemaster (private owner) in order to gain that sacred freedom, People must’ be involved in the decision-making process so they will be in control of the decisions which affect them. The things that we commonly use and commonly need should be commonly owned, We will collectively decide exactly what we need and share fully in the wealth that we produce, The whole administration of the government should be subject to the dictates of the people, ing controlled by them, Such a man then experiences a feeling of free- dom. This is in keeping with the primary drive of man’s history -- the desire to be free and have the power to create --or the power to productive creativity, Marx realized the same thing: that man has a basic desire to be free of the external forces, which determine his behavior and put these forces under his control. Marx analyzed the situation and con- cluded that the external environment influences the life of man through his relationship to production, As he gains freedom from the dictates of coercive institutions then he is in a position to experience the power of productive creativity, and this is the godliness and holiness of man to man, and man to the Creator. Man's drive to reach this plateau of freedom in a class or capi- talistic society is a historical fact, Under capitalism the private owners who are interested only in making profits for themselves are in control of society. The people who are subjected to them and have to rely upon them for a living are slaves to the owners, Since the owners are only interested in profits they use the people as tools to increase their riches, with little consideration of the effect this has upon man, i.e., an obstruction of man the creator. This makes it necessary to destroy the private ownership of the means of pro- duction because it has such a great effect upon all people, Everyone has to live, and in order to live he must produce, In a capitalistic society, however man does not produce for use he produces for pro- fit, This is a slave situation, IL It is a historical fact that Blacks were brought to this country as slaves for capitalistic reasons -- the profit motive. The ruling class at that time were the owners of the land and they needed laborers to till the land for them and produce profits from it. Not only did the owners have labor, they had FREE labor and this was the ulti- This does not exist at this time, At the present time in ameriKKKa the owners of the military and industrial complex, for example, have found war very lucrative. They are producing more and more war machinery, Futhermore they are involved in a ‘‘cold war”’ which keeps the country on a war footing so that the people will then be willing to produce equipment which is not for their own use, but only so owners of the military-industrial complex can make a fortune. This has been happening for the more than two decades since the end of World War Il and the military-industrial complex now presents such a problem to the national economy that many people now question the legitimacy of the governmental administrators, Administrators should be. for the purpose of administering the people’s desires, and the people should have the ability to eliminate those who do not serve their in- terests. In other words, if war is not in the interest of the people then the country should not engage in war, cold war or any other kind or war, But at the present time people have nothing to say about the matter, They are constantly brainwashed and indoctrinated with such fears that they will work and produce only what they are told to pro- duce, The country is now so involved in a war economy if we were to change to a peace economy there would be mass unemployment. It is thus necessary to have a planned socialistic economy to make the switch to a peace economy. The administrators are very reluctant to even engage in discussion on planned economy because they would then have to take the wishes of the people into consideration rather than the wishes of the owners of the military-industrial complex. Our administrators are not willing to take the people into consideration for this is not in their best interests so far as the profit motive is concerned, The Blacks are in a unique position as a national minority in the United States because of our unique heritage of being totally deprived of the freedom to determine our destiny, Partially free for a cen- tury we now demand to be totally free and structure our communi- ties so that we make the decision about what kinds of institutions will be in our community in order to perpetuate our culture, In the capi- talist society the owners are not interested in any national minority because it has no profit value to them, When the profit motive is eli- minated from the society this will be the first step in Black people coming to grips with self-determination, Self-determination can only work in a socialistic context. We realize that not only are we kept in a slave situation but all persons in the country will have to be free for all of its citizens. Until we reachthis freedom the country will be in a state of chaos. It will suffer much unrest and surely a revolution will occur, Such a revolution is inevitable when we realize that man must free him- self from the subconscious and ex- ternal forces which control him, When man is not in control of himself there are automatic pro- blems which take many forms, Among these forms are the men- tal stresses which leads to phy- sical action--either total withdra- wal or total aggression against the obstacles to freedom. This would be revolution, and this understand- ing helps to explain some of the present uneasiness in the country. Blacks have suffered from a lack of freedom more than anyone else. Granted no one in the country has the freedom deserved by man, the natural dignity of man is not re- spected in the country because of the capitalistic society. Ill The Black Panther Party is the people’s Party and we are primari- ly interested in freeing man--free- ing all people from slavery--so that man will be his own master, We can only do this by having collective ownership, and then the people will decide what they are going to produce for their own use--not for specific classes or for profit. This brings us to the present struggle and the present demand for self-determination from both an ethnic and also an international level. The Black Pan- ther Party feels that in order for ethnic minorities to be free in the country we will have to have administrators who are respon- sive to the needs and desires of the people, They will be in of- fice solely for the purpose of an- swering these needs, and the peo- ple will be in a position to make the final decision of what will be done domestically and inter- nationally. Progress may come from the fact that we are suffering under an administration that could be fairly called a doomsday machine because it is forcing the country and people in the direction ofde-, struction, The Black Panther Party chooses life instead of death, Because we do choose life we are searching for ways of (avoiding) destruction in the country so the people may live. We are abso- lutely certain that if this admin- istration is not forced into some new direction, the people of the world will be destroyed. At the present time there istalk of Black capitalism to parallel White capitalism, A part of the Black bourgeoisie seems to be committed to developing or at- temtping todevelop capitalism with the Black community--or the Black colony as we call it. This would merely trade one master for ano- ther and a small group of Blacks would control our destiny. This. bourgeois middle class groups re- present a small proportion of Black people but they would make de- cisions for the majority of Black people, This is reminiscent of our history when we also had Black slavemasters, A small number of free Blacks owned slaves and they were part of the bourgeois class of that time, They did nothing to al- leviate the situation which caused slavery, These Black slave owners gave the Black masses Black capitalism because they were interested in their own pro- fits and well-being, They were not interested in the well-being of the people. Black power is a much more re- levant solution to the people’ s pro- blems. So far as Black capitalism is concerned, most of the Black bourgeoisie cannot be said to own any means of production, They do have bourgeois middle class ideas, They have many ‘of the ideas of the White capitalist claSs and they have illusions that someday they will be owners, Such is not the case, There is no more free en- terprise in ameriKKKa. There is only monopolistic capitalism where a few people have industry under their control and they, will not gfveupthiscontrol. They will not share their profits with any- one unless the person proves to be of some aid to them in fur- ther exploitation of the people. CON’T ON PAGE 16 SS ES THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970: PAGE 3 Functional Definition Of Politics By Huey P. Newton Politics is war without bloodshed, War is po- litics with bloodshed, Politics has its particu- lar characteristics which differentiate it from war, When the peaceful means of politics are exhausted and the people do noteget What they want, politics are continued, Usually it ends_ up in physical conflict which is ¢a led war, which is also political, i Because we lack political power, Black lpeo- ple are not free, Black reconstruction failed because Black people did not haye.politieal-and military power, The masses of Black people at the time were very clear on the definition of | political power, It is evident in the songs o Black people at that time, In the songs it was. stated that on the Day of Jubilee we’d have fof ty acres and two mules, This was promised Black people by the Freedman’s Bureau, Thi was freedom as far as the Black masses concerned, The Talented Tenth at the time viewed free dom as operative in the political arena, Black people did operate more educated than most of the Whites in the south, They had been educa- ted in France, Canada and England, and were very qualified to serve in the political arena, But yet, Black Reconstruction failed, When one operates in the political arena, it is assumed that he has power or represents power; he is symbolic of a powerful force, There are approximately three areas of power in the po- litical area: economic power, land power (feudal power) and military power, If Black people at the time had received 40 acres and 2 mules, we would have developed a powerful force, Then we would have chosen a representative to represent us in this political arena, Because Black people did not receive the 40 acres and 2 mules, it was absurd to have a representative in the political arena, When White people send a representative into the political arena, they have a powerful force or power base that they represent, When White peo- ple, through their representatives, do not get what they want, there is always apolitical conse- quence, This is evident in the fact that when the farmers are not given an adequate price for their crops the economy will receive a political conse- quence, They will let their crops rot in the field; they will not cooperate with other sectors of the economy. To be political, you must have a politi- cal consequence when you do not receive your de- sires--otherwise you are non-political, When Black people send a representative, he is some-what absurd because he represents no po- litical power, He does not represent land power because we do not own any land, He does not re- present economic or industrial power because Black people do not own the means of produc- tion, The only way he can become political is to represent what is commonly called a military power-which the BLACK PANTHI'R PARTY FOR SELF-DEFENSE calls Self-Defense Power, Black people can develop Self-Defense Power by arming themselves from house to house, block to block, community to community, throughout the nation, Then we will choose a political re- presentativeand hewill stateto thepower struc- ture the desires of the Black masses, If the desires are not met, the power structure willre- © ceive a political consequence, We will make it economically non-profitable for the power struc- ture to go on with its oppressive ways, We will then negotiate as equals, There will bea balance between the people who are economically power- ful and the people who are potentially economic- The Spirit Of The People Is Greater Than The Man’s Technology avevnvaesvevvconvaveveonnencgvveeuveesnuarcvavevasecnestecsccececeoccapnionuevacescecnasevsncecevaeovaeusseecaneeonargnineniaeny ynsuvoennenrevgveaeoneennvaunacevvasevangneagnneveeeneeeeanee 5 zrmmnnnnnnnnnnmnnnnannnunnnnnnnnnny ally destructive, The White racist oppresses Black people noi only for racist reasons but because itis also economically profitable to do so, Black people must develop a power that will make it non-pro- fitable for racist to go on oppressing us, If the White racist imperialist in ameriKKKa continue to wage war against all people of color through- out the world and also wage a civil war against Blacks here in amerikKKa, it will be economic- ally impossible for him to survive, We must de- velop a strategy that will make his war cam- paigns non-profitable, This racist United States Operates with the motive of profit. He lifts the gun and escalates the war for profit reasons, We ‘will make him lower the guns because they will no longer serve his profit motive, Every man is born, therefore hehas aright to live, a right to share in the wealth, If he is denied the right to work then he is denied the right to live, If he can’t work, he deserves a high stan- dard of living, regardless of his education or skill, It. should be up tothe administrators of the e- conomic system to design a program for provi- ding work of livelihood for his people, Todeny a man this is deny him life. The controllers of the economic system are obligated to furnish each man with a livelihood, If they cannot do this or if they will not do this, they do not deserve the position of administrators, The means of produc - tion should be taken away from them.and placed in the people’s hands, so that the people can or- ganize them is such a way as to provide them- selves with a livelihood, The people will choose capable administrators motivated by their sin- cere interest in the people’s welfare and not the interest of private property. The people will choose managers to control the means of produc- tion and the land that is rightfully theirs, Until the people control the land and the means of pro- duction, there will be no peace, Black people must control the destiny of their community, Because Black people desire to determine their own destiny, they are constantly inflicted with brutality from the occupying army, embo- died in the police department, There is a great similarity between the occupying army inSouth- east Asia and the occupation of our communities by the racist police, The armies are there not to protect the people of South Vietnam, but to bru- talize and oppress them for the interest of the selfish imperial power. The police should be the people of the commu- nity in uniform, There should be no division or conflict of interest between the people and the po- lice, Once there is adivision, then the police be- come the enemy of the people. The police should serve the interest of the people, and be one and the same, When this principle breaks down, then the police become an occupying army, When his- torically one race has oppressed another and po- licemen are recruited from the oppressor race to patrol the communities of the oppressed peo- ple, an intolerable contradiction exist, The racist dog policemen must withdraw imme- diately from our communities, cease their wan- ton murder and brutality and torture of Black people, or face the wrath of the armed people, Huey P,. Newton Minister of Defense Black Panther Party THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 4 Interview with DAVID HILLIARD VID HILLIARD, CHIEF OF STAFF, BLACK PANTHER PARTY By Jeff Gerth February 17th is Huey P. Newton's Birthday. The passing of one year finds Huey still in jail, and much more, Bobby Seale is also incarcerated, Eldridge is exiled in Algeria, Dozens of Pan- thers have been murdered. Over 350 Panthers have been arrested on major charges, though hardly any of them have been convicted of anything. And of course the Panthers have had their offices raided, their newspaper vendors harassed and just about anything else the FBI/Justice Dept./CIA could dream up to smash the Pan- thers, But, of course the Panthers have not been smashed, David Hilliard, Chief of Staff of the Black Panther Party, talks in this interview about some of the recent developments in the Party. His weariness at the time of the interview seemed to reflect both the attempts of the pigs to put him away along side his brothers and the tremendous amount of energy David devotes both to the Party and to the people. Yet the strength and optimism he imbued as the interview progressed proved more than ever that you can jail a revolutionary but you can never jail the revolution. INTERVIEWER: What has _ hap- pened the last couple months since Chicago and L.A,, and how does it relate to Huey’s birthday and upcoming appeal? HILLIARD: The first thing to talk about is our newspaper, which is not only a national but also an international newspaper and that people who read our newspaper can stay tuned to what's happening with regard to the Black Panther Party in particular and also get an inside view to what’s happening inside the Black community, As far as Huey’s birthday cele- bration, as you know; since Huey’s been imprisoned in Los Padres, each year in the month of February, we have national acti- vities to bring to the attention of the ameriKKKan people Huey’ s imprisonment so that we are driv- ing this year with the same un- yielding demand that Huey must be set free. And we're going to have that not only here in the U.S, but we're expecting some international support for Huey also, On the 17th (Huey’s birthday) we “should have some good news from some rev- olutionary countries that are in support of the Minister of Defense of the Black Panther Party. I think also that Fred Hampton and Mark Clark had put into the minds of a lot of Black people the reality of the onslaught of fas- cism that is taking place in this country, The Party has been on top of that. There has been a coroner's inquest in Chicago, but of course their decision was pig’s justice, They came down with a decision of‘ justifiable homicide’. We didn’t have any faith in that particularbody sowe’ re still keep-. ing a very sharp eye on all these investigations that are going on, and we’re conducting our ow: investigations in the Black munity, with the jury bein bers of the Black co: that way we're bel get justice. As far as L.A, 8--four of the ning rested have been The other fift The prelimina place a coup the judge sa evidence to k The most imposed upo. BA, Cha; (Geronimo), $165,000. The have definite of resistance says has shot eration strugg! of the invincib! Black Panther Pa thers and sisters planned attack alive’ those brothers and s! truly set some examp: rest of the revolutionarie: country to follow. Both o incidents, the one in Chicago LA proves that the Black Pai ther Party is definitely in the for¢ front of the liberation moy in this country. which the oppressed is bound to respect. So I think what we are witnessing now is a new trend in fascism in terms of bringing young Black men and women into courts, having them sit up peace- fully and accept the crucifixion and torture that’s been perpetrated against Black people for so many years in this country. The only way that the trial will possibly be able to last under the kind of conditions that are being dis- played now is to put those indivi- duals in a glass cage which will show the ameriKKKan people, again through example, that the courts are run by fascist pigs, judges and D.A.’s, and this will most certainly spell the downfall of the so-called judicial system in this country. INTERVIEWER: A recent survey in the Wall Street Journal found widespread (over 60%) support for the Black Panther Party's goals and methods in the Black com- munity. Do you think the recent murderous attacks on the Party in L.A, and Chicago has helped build that base of support? HILLIARD: The Black Panther Party as a national organization is truly the only Black organi- zation that backs up its demands with resistance--the self defense power that Huey Newton always talks about in his writings. Our Party has definitely gained widespread community support on the national level resulting from both the attack in L A- and the vicious murdering of Fred Hamp- . ton and Mark Clark, This teaches us that one of the greatest wea- pons at our disposal is the ig- norance and barbarity and abra- siveness displayed by these pigs. This serves as a very powerful example in the sense that it edu- cates the people to the fascist tactics that these pigs are so used to using against Black people. INTERVIEWER; How are the vari- ous programs of the Black Panther Party, such as the Free Break- fast Program for Children and Health Clinics progressing? HILLIARD: Our Breakfast Pro- grams are very successful, be- cause first of all Huey has always taught us that if a man is born therefore he has a right to live and eating is the first basic neces- sity for hi it people very, e oO our daily survival. 1 would” content to say that this is an at- tempt to try to torpedo our peti- tion campaign which is being cir- culated very successfully--right here in Berkeley. INTERVIEWER: .The Panthers have always taken a strong inter- nationalist perspective. Many of the pig media have been frothing at the mouth lately about Panther exchange programswith AlFat’h, Could you clarify the Party’ s posi- tion with respect to the Pales- tinian struggle as well asthe strug- gle of the North Korean people and their leader, Kim I] Sung? HILLIARD ‘+As far as Panthers training in Palestine, that ques- tion can be taken up with our Minister of Information, Eldridge Cleaver. I know that in our last conversation three days ago he didn’t mention anything to me about Panthers going to Palestine for any ‘training’. I would like to say that Eldridge appeared at a conference with the leader of the Al Fat’h movement, Yassar Ara- fat, and out of Eldridge’s speech came some very important state- ments that give clarity to our posi- tion in.relation to the Israeli- Palestinian question. Ofcourse, the B.P,P. support the Palestinian people in their just struggle for self-determination. We takea rev- olutionary posjtion in solidarity with the Arab people against Zion- ist expansionism. We don’t have to go all whe way to Palestine or Israel to condemn Zionism. You have your own Zionists right here in this country manifested in Ju- lius J Hoffman, the Zionist that sentenced our Chairman Bobby Seale to four years in jail for merely trying to stand up and re- present himself in a fascist court. We recognize our role in this revolution and we’re a part of the link in the chain of world- wide revolution and it’s our duty to spell out thereactionariesfrom the revolutionaries, We want to make it very clear that we support all those who are actively engaged in the struggle against U.S, im- perialism and Zionism, which means to us racial supremacy, As for the question of the 'B PP and the Democratic Peo- ple’s Republic of North Korea-- we have recently shown through our newspaper, solidarity with the Korean people and their leader Marshal Kim Il Sung, Our think- ing was channeled in that direc- tion again by the Minister of Infor- of the B P P after his ap- e at the journalists’ con- Pyongyang, Korea. Kim ‘ing and the imple- their system of ch means self- Marxism- dogma, but ra- ction and it is weapon if it’s ly and in con-~ conditions we have icipating in Huey’s benefit ‘eb. 15 at the Berkeley Com- Our relationship with the Young Lords Organization has been somewhat inconsistent; by that I mean, the last contact we had with some members of the Young Lords was when Cha Cha Jimenez was here on the West Coast. I was in New York during the time when they made an appearance one night during the occupation. We haven't had too muchcontact with the Pat- riots . They're considering send- ing a member of their central staff here to the West Coast to work in our Ministry of Infor- mation in order to get some train- ing for their Ministry of Infor- mation. We’re looking forward to that. ¢ Beyond that, the struggle is pro- gressing. We take the position now that the White community has de- finitely got to stand up and begin to do a little more than traditional peace movement activities. We take a long distance view of them on the one hand, demonstrating and advocating peace in this country and not really coming out against the disturbance of the peace pro- jected against members of the Black community, We see some contradictions there but I think that the February 21st actions planned around anti-repression can definitely straighten” out-a lot- of contradictions between the Black and White movement. INTERVIEWER: The relationship between the Black Panther Party and White radicals has been one of constant change. How does Kim Tl Sung’ s preaching of self-reliance abbetthe Panther’s attitude to- wards the White movement. For example, the weathermen have said that Blacks can make the revolu- tion by themselves. HILLIARD: One thing we definite- ly have to place primary empha- sis on is the reliance of our own people, Of course, that’s not re- jecting solidarity with any people, all that is saying is that our rev- olution isn’t hinging upon the sup- port of another people. We couldn’t reject any assistance from the White community, as a matter of fact we welcome that assistance, We need the activity of the White community in order to put toge- ther a more broader force to meet the repressive system. We definitely represent the movement. The White community is an in- trigal part of the revolution we are trying to make, the revolu- tion that Huey, Eldridge, and Bob- by talk about and categorize as the ameriKKKan Revolution, As far asour liberation is concerned thereis no other people that can speed it up. It’s our own people and it is dependent upon the re- sistance and the cooperation of the Black people. We draw that analysis from the Vietnamese peo- Ple who do not have another peo- ple fight their liberation strug- gle for them Its been stated that your own liberation will have to come from within, from your own people. So I don’t think we will have any arguments about that. We are very optimistic and very concerned about the way things are happening, not only in our com- munity but the world, So that it’s necessary that we tighten up our alliances with White revolu- tionaries INTERVIEWER: It seems that some Black revolutionary organi- zation such as Republic of New Africa seem to be moving in the direction of recognizing the need for White support. How do you view these developments? HILLIARD: I think Huey made very clear in his message to R.N.A. printed in the newspaper and which will also be in a pamphlet which will be circulated by his birth- day--that there was not that much ideological difference between the Republic of New Afica’s position for separation and our position spelled out in our ten point pro- gram. If we got a popular opinion that Black people wanted to secede from the union and have a sepa- rate state, then we would be sub- jected to the will of the people, so you can see very clearly that their line for separation is just one of premature projection, It’s not that much in conflict with our program. We just don’t stand up and assert that this is what Black people want If this is what they want is should be recorded and documented, As. far as some of the other Black organizations we’ ve learned that nationalism is anissue to organize people around, The one distinction we make innationalism is that our nationalism doesn't mean national chauvinism, It’s not the brand of nationalism projected by the Germani¢ race of people, or the Japanese imperalists, Our nationalism is/only that which will serve as a means to organize our people around certain issues, The most outstanding issue in their country today is racism. INTERVIEWER: The Federal Grand Jury in San Francisco has been harassing people in connec- tion with the Black Panther Party and just recently indicted twelve Alameda City sheriffs for their role in the People’s Park rebel- lion. How do you regard these actions? CON’T ON PAGE 17 N.Y. 21 ON TRIAL AFENI SHAKUR - N.Y. 21 Halloran’s wifeis his (Murtagh) private secretary. When asked by The week of February 2-5 marked the beginning of what will probably be one of the best satires on ameriKKKan justice in the history of fascism, The plot, scenes, and characters of this mock trial are described below. Three members of the New York Twenty-one are under eighteen years old. For ten months defense lawyers have been trying to get ithose bloods tried as youthful of- fenders All three are minors and have no prior record, and were high school students at the time of their arrest. Eddie (Jamal) Josephs is 16 years old; Lonnie Epps and Alex (Katarra) McKiever are 17 years old, All lived at home with their parents, yet Murtagh (consistent reac- tionary that he is) saw fit to con- sider only Jamal and Lonnie youth- ful offenders. The significance of this is that under the oppressor’s law a defendant who is treated vith Y,O, status cannot get anymore than four years if found guilty-- no matter what the charge (s), This is only one of the contra- dictions being brought out in this comedy of Canines, Let us look at scene two: When the 21 were kid- napped on April 2, all were ab- ducted from their homes, except two--Lonnie Epps surrendered at pig headquarters and Lee Berry was snatched from a hospital bed at Veterans’ Administration Hosp. Lee was medically discharged from the mercenary army because he was 70% disabled (via epilep- sy obtained during Vietnam ««duty’’). Attorneys had been try- ing to get Lee into a hospital since his capture on April 4. Each time either Philips (DA) or Murtagh (judge) would say the blood was not ill. During this time, you may remember, Lee was beaten up by prison pigs while he was having a seizure, Murtagh and Phillips still refused to acknowledge that the blood’s condition warranted even an investigation. About three months ago, Lee Berry was admitted to Bellevue Hospital’s prison ward; his con- dition has wavered from critical to fair since that time. Monday, Lee was severed from the trial because he is not physically fit (at the time of this writing he was listed in fair condition). Scene three; Motions have been made throughout the week to have Murtagh either voluntarily dis- qualify himself from the case, or (2) be removed by court order because he is biased against mem- bers of the Black Panther Party. Murtagh denied those motions and at the same time he chastised the people’s lawyers for such weird things as (1) being incompetent (2) being unethical (3) inciting de- fendants to think (4) inticing de- fendants to recognize his racism and partialty. He ended his mono- logue with an assurance that ‘‘the defendants will receive a fair and impartial trial’. Here is the contradiction. One of the detec- tives who participated in the cap- ture of the defendant Michael (Cetewayo) Tabor, was Detective Halloran of the DA's office squad and Murtagh stated in court that defense council (Bill Crain) if he had discussed the case with his wife, Halloran answered ‘‘yes I have'’. Scene four: During this ‘‘fair and impartial trial’’ processes, Dharuba, Lumumba and Cet, were educating the people’ to the con- tradictions that exist inthat racist courtroom. Murtagh got uptight be- cause the bloods did not recog- nize his ‘‘authority’’ to govern their lives, because he is such a puppet, he couldn't deal with the 21's revolutionary zeal so he began to attack their lawyers again, The people, ever watchful of his re- pressive tactics, have begun to call upon the dude to be cool. Mary Weissman got up and asked the creep who judged his conduct. ««Who is that woman’’ oinked Mur- tagh! ‘‘My name is Mary Weiss- man and I have a right to speak out against injustice.’’ Well, Mur- tagh didn’t feel like he wanted to hear her anymore and ordered her removed from _ the court. Dharuba relayed the people's will to Murtagh, saying, ‘‘if she leaves, if you put the people out, then we’re leaving too, punk!’’ And, of course, they began to leave. Simultaneously, the pigs moved on Mary Weissman and Lonnie Epps (who was sitting next to Mary) and the New York 21. In the next fifteen minutes, the following casualties were reported: Lonnie Epps - rearrested, two charges of felonious assault and resisting arrest, The blood’s face showed the contradiction! It was swollen twice its size and both eyes were black. The pig he is accused of attacking, was in Beekman Down- town Hospital, but he had come in from sick call to testify in this case, He came into that court- room with one lung. His condition was listed as good! Robert Moore (Dharuba) has a swollen eye with lacerations, lacerations on both legs and the neck. Def. Attorney Gerry Lef- court observed Dharuba lying on the floor with a pig kneeling over him--black jack in hand, Dharuba demanded that the oink be arrested for felonious assault with intent to kill. He was ignored by Murtagh. Lamumba Shakur: Knocked over the head when he tried to aid Dharuba, One mercenary had a small opening on his fist which came from hitting Lumumba inhis mouth. Lumumba was given a charge of assault. He also called for the arrest of the criminal. Murtagh continued his mechanical frown and commended the pigs for such an excellent job at ‘‘main- taining order in a court of law’. In this play of fantasy, the bad guys are good and the good guys bad. It is a very lengthy play, though well worth watching (for its educational content alone) Act two will be reviewed in the next edi- tion of the only newspaper in Baby- lon that deals with the complete reality of ameriKKKa. ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE Afeni Shakur N.Y, 21) ANOTHER FORM OF DEMAGOGIC POLITICS Outlandish trickery employed by the court system to dupe the peo- ple into thinking that they--the fas- cist, racist judges are doing us a “‘favor’’ by granting so-called bail reductions is just another form of « demagogic politics, In total, the bail for the re- maining 14 brothers and sisters of the LA 18 who are currently incarcerated--the total comes close to $250,000 when you add the 10% bondsmen’s fee and the 25% penalty asgessments per per- son, Geronimo, our Deputy Minister of Deferise, originally had his ran- som set at $162,500. It is now set at $50,000. I ask you, what's the difference? This is a brother off the streets of racist Babylon who is being held for this ransom simply because he is the deputy Minister of Defense of Southern California and was caught while asleep. This is the price he has to pay. Geronimo’s wife originally had her bail set at $50,000. Now it is $5,000. For what? She happens to be his wife; (could be) the only answer. She was also found sleep- ing and happens to be a Panther, Those are the charges against her. GERONIMO The remaining brothers and sis- ters have their bails set at $5,000 for one and $10,000 for the rest except one brother whose ridi- culous bail (ransom) is set at $30,000 because of his age. He is 41 years of age. These insane bails are set on these brothers and sisters because they refused to allow themselves to be murdered in their beds and defended their homes and their lives by any means necessary. This is one of the first laws of nature. The only thing that any of us plead guilty to is being ‘‘Black’’ in fascist, racist Babylon. We will not accept tokenism in any form and we recognize these ridiculous bails for what they truly are. Black people in Babylon own no pro- perty and have no money--there- fore, be it $10,000 or $100,000, I ask you--what’s the difference? Sharon (LA 18) TO THE RACIST TIMES PUBLISHERS, EXECUTIVES I, as a mother of one of the AND EDITORS steins’ home to give the liberal Black Panthers (political prison- Whites a chance to hear their views ers of the N.Y. 21) would like and philosophy, you put to print you to know that Panthers have (in your fascist paper) a nau- not stolen anything from anyone seating piece of trash. I know it or killed anyone. Any murders hurts you, butthese young men they're charged with were done (God bless them) believe in the by your law-abiding, corrupt, graft-taking police force. Black Panthers are not ‘‘roman- truth of what they are doing; you The can kill them, but you can’t kill their ideas. I have young children ticized darlings’, as you’ve stated growing up, and believe me, I will in your editorial, but young Black teach the Black Panther philosophy men and women, who for the most to them until they're grown. This part were raised in ghetto neigh- I promise you, and many Black borhoods and know the plight and parents will do the same. This oppression you racists putting us through. My only regret is that I and _ those are racist, fascist society your kind is running will be no more. And always remember that Mar- of my time, who were brought tin Luther King was a Black man, up in this ‘democratic society’ , fas- didn’t put a stop to these cist lies and ideas. You’ re the only so this garbage about mocking the memory of him is ignorant. The Panthers came with good inten- ones who've killed in order to tions, and you were the ones to obtain what you wanted all through write crueland worthless things history. I was raised and raised about them. You can stick with your my son, to love everyone, but Mafia, Minute Men, Ku Klux Klan you're the ones causing the Black and Birch Society; we will stick man to hate. You taught us hate with 0Ur Black Panthers. And they and gave us reason to hate. Due to the fact that the Black Panthers were invited tothe Bern- FACT SHEET ON “‘Twenty-one members of the Black Panther Party were indicted on charges of plotting to kill po- licemen and to dynamite city de- partment stores, a police station and a commuter railroad right of way.’’ The New York Times, April 3, 1969 Most of what the world believes and almost all that the courts think about those 21 people is what the District Attorney of New York County says about them. What else ought we to know? First: Thirteen of them have been held since their arrest on bails, which in most cases of $100,000, (since all are paupers) could as well be no bail at all. The eldest of them is 33, Ten are younger than 26. Two are women, 22 and 20. If the charges against them are sus- tained, to know the age of each is to be able to estimate the num- ber of years he will have to spend in prison. Second: They will come to trial after 10 months of isolation, unable to speak for themselves and, for a long time, inhibited from free com- munication with the lawyers who must otherwise speak for them. They are sealed away and then re- quired to defend themselves against anenemy withevery wea- pon at his disposal. Every handi- cap these indigent defendants carry into court is increased by the crushing burden that their case is notorious and their bearing defiant Third: The description put upon them by District Attorney Hogan in a are BEAUTIFUL. Mother of Richard Moore (Political Prisoner, N.Y. 21) N.Y. 21 TRIAL press conference announcing their indictment is the description ac- cepted by the newspapers and as- sumed by their judges. They are still to be tried for a violation of the law; yet they have effec- tively been convicted and are serv- ing a Sentence for the crime of reputation. Fully 25% of the Grand Jurors who were summoned to in- dict them conceded that they came to the panel prejudiced against these defendants by what they had heard about them. Asked if he be- lieved that these persons had con- spired to blow up a store, one prospective Grand Juror an- swered: ‘I assume it was true: otherwise they wouldn’t have printed it’’. The District Attorney who will try their case repeatedly described ‘them as terrorists.And the judge who set their bails accepted this view of their charactersas readily as if it were established by a jury after trial,instead of merely being charged by a prosecutor and trumpeted on television. Their keepers in the Depart- ment of Correction treat them as the vicious and dangerous persons described by the District Attorney. ven the motions made for them by their attorneys were kept from them, by the Department of Cor- rection. To this denial of basic right, there have been added de- nials of so many of the most minor amenities that their defense had to resort to the federal] courts to bring the least easement in their treatment under confinement. THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 5 \ (aA The Black Panther Newspaper Faces Conspiracy Frame-up San Francisco, Jan. 17 -- A fed- eral Grand Jury probe here is threatening the Black Panther Par- ty with possible indictments un- der a federal conspiracy law or under the Smith ‘thought-control’’ Act On Jan. 14, three Black Panthers, Raymond ‘‘ Masai’ Hewitt, mana- ging editor of the Black Panther newspaper, John Seale, the paper’s production manager and brother of BPP Chairman BobbySeale, and Samuel Napier, the paper’s circu- lation manager, were called be- fore theGrand Jury to testify on their activities in publishing the Panther’s weekly newspaper. San Franciscoattorney, Charles Garry, who has been the Panthers general counsel for the past two years, said he advised his clients to neither testify nor to produce the records sought by the govern- ment. All three Panthers took the fifth amendment and were dis- missed until Feb. 11 when the gril- ling will continue The federal Grand Jury probe, which is being handled by a team of lawyers from the Justice De- partment’s criminal ° division in Washington, has been conducted Since at least April 1969, At that time the government announced they were looking into possible violations of the Smith Act. Thisact permits imprison- ment solely for the advocacy of ideas, It provides a maximun pen- alty of 20 years imprisonment and a $20,000 fine. In addition, the investigators are looking into possibilities for indic- ting the Panthers for‘‘mail fraud’’ involving contributions to theparty and its several defense funds and for interstate travel for ‘‘violent’’ purposes, The Panthers and their lawyer, Garry, have vowed to fight these additional pernicious attempts to crush the Black Panther Party. The greatest possible support is needed to carry out this fight. ( KIM IL SUNG ‘‘Whatever the adver- sity .we should protect our mimeographs and other printing equip- ment and materials even at the risk of life...” A COMRADE KIM. IL SUNG, the leader of the 40 million Korean peo- ple, THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 6 THE YOUNG LORDS ORGANIZATION ON THE MOVE On Saturday, February 7, I rapped with Rafael Viera who is the Chief Medical Cadre of the young lords organization, a predominantly Puerto Rican revolutionary organization that is trying to Seize the Time. ROLAND: Would you run down what the Young Lords Organiza- tion is all about how you got to- gether, where you are going, etc? RAFAEL:- The Y.L.O. (Young Lords Organization) started in Chicago in 1956 as a street gang, but they came under so much pres- sure and were tired of being beaten up by the White people in the area that they had to reorganize on another basis. Before that it was just the hustle and bustle of the gang days. They would go out and kill White brothers one day, then they'd go out and kill Black brothers the other day, then they'd go out and kill Asiatic brothers the next day, and then when they didn’t have anybody else to kill, they'd kill each other--that’s what they were about at the time. Then in 1967 Cha Cha Jiminez, who was the president of the Y L.O. at that time, reorganized the whole or- ganization. It became political and changed its name from the Young Lords to the Young Lords Organ- ization. They took over a church which “they still have right now. They started community programs to help people in the streets and they just related to serving the people--which was their motto at the time. when the Y.L.O, got organized in N.Y. We then had to think of some- thing to let the people know that the Y.L.O, was there, not only there, but there to serve the peo- ple of East (Spanish) Harlem, And so the thing that we thought of, and-this where our creativity came in, was the GARBAGE OF- FENSIVE We were out in the streets for three Sundays sweeping the streets. We would take the garbage and put it into garbage cans, cover up the lids and wait for the garbage men to come, but the garbage men never came. The people saw this and they said, ‘what's happening.’ On the third Sunday the people got out into the streets and we put the garbage in the avenues. We piled it up and overturned cars that were aban- doned on the streets as well as baby cribs and everything else we could find, and we blocked-off the traffic, You know how it is in 90 degree weather when all those businessmen want to gohome, they were mighty upset. Wedidthis two Sundays in a row and on the third Sunday they were going to lay for us, There were repercussions all along, like the pigs did vamp on people and people were throwing bottles and stuff. On the third week we took care of business ona Fri- day. The pigs came down with guns in their hands, ready to shoot any- body and so we would put the gar- bage in the streets, then we'd leave and when they came we had taken off our berets and we’d be standing on the corner asking ‘what's hap- pening.’ That was our first of- fensive. IN PUERTO RICO, STORE BLOWN UP BY REVOLUTIONARIES ROLAND: Was it just the motiva- tion of one cat that brought about the change or was it a lot of dif- ferent cats? RAFAEL; A lot of various cats had a lot of different experiences, together and they finally woke up. They said, ‘we’re out here killing each other and we ain’t even deal- ing with the system that's really messing us up.’ So they got it together and organized around that main base, that is, they stopped killing each other, That was around the time when the Black Stone Rangers became political and other started getting it together, In January, 1969, the Y.L.O. started in N Y (New York). There was an organization in N-Y named after Pedro Albizu Campos (he was a nationalist-socialist revolu- tionary who started the first armed revolutionary struggle in Puerto Rico, twenty years ago), They were a group of college students and a lot of them had been going back and forth from Chicago dig- ging what the Y.L.O. was doing and decided to start a chapter in N.Y. At that time they went out into the streets and started rap- ping with ‘street brothers’, be- cause that's where it’s at. They got the support of a lot of dope fiends, hustlers, pimps andevery- thing else, and these street brothers started a period oftrans- formation, of transition, That was, ROLAND: What are the conditions in East Harlem and how do they compare to the conditions with the rest of Harlem? RAFAEL: The conditions are the same, The rats are so big that they pay rent, the cockroaches are hump-backed because they don’t have room to move around, The buildings are completely messed up. Our children are dying from all types of diseases. One of the big- gest problems is lead poisoning. Inside the apartments of Harlem, they painted them with cheap lead paint until a year ago when it was outlawed, Our children tended to take the peelings off of the walls and eat them, this caused lead poisoning which would kill them or cause them permanant brain damage. We went out in the streets and started doing something about that. This was our second offen- sive. We went from door to door checking the children's urine and we organized a great deal around that, I'm the Chief Medical Cadre for the Y.L,O, and we've got doc- tors, nurses and medical students who would go into the streets and from door to door serving the people. The oppression is there, the people see it but they don't know what to do about it, so that’s why the Y.L.O. is there. We have peop- ple in East Harlem who live four- teen to a room and who have been < denied public housing. The build- ings in Harlem are from the 19th century and they should have been torn down a long time ago, but they're still there. ROLAND; Is your base primarily among the East Harlem lumpen- proletariat? RAFAEL: Yes! The people who live in East Harlem are from the lumpenproletariat. But we do have a small group of Puerto Rican peo- ple who have ‘made it’ up the so-called ‘ladder’ and who are supposedly assimilated into the system, but they really aren't. Our people must remember that they are Puerto Ricans no matter what and that they should be out in the Streets doing their stuff for their Puerto Rican people ROLAND: Is the Y.L_O. primarily a Puerto Rican organization? RAFAEL: Yes, it’s predominantly Puerto Rican, but we also have Black brothers, Asiatic brothers and some Chicanos. We refuse White people admittance into the Y.L.O, for the purpose that we are out there to serve the com- munity, the Puerto Rican com- munity. If White people want to serve their community then there is the Young Patriots in York- ville or other respective organ- izations. Unlike us, our people are still hung up on this thing of be- lieving that it’s not the system but that it’s the White man who is op- pressing them. It takes time and effort to teach people it is not the White man but it’s the system that oppresses them, ROLAND; Is the Y.L.O. based primarily in N.Y.? RAFAEL: No. Our National Head- quarters is in Chicago. We have an office in N.Y., Puerto Rico, one opening up in Hayward, Calif., one opening in ‘Philly’ and a new one that just opened up in Newark. So we're expanding. ROLAND: What kind of solutions does the Y,L O offer to the prob- lems that confront Puerto Rican people in this country? RAFAEL: We're getting down to the needs of the people, no matter how litttle they may be and no matter how big. The main problems right now are food and clothing. We’ ve got four breakfast programs going. When a mother comes up tousand says that her children are hungry and they need shoes on their feet, we can’t pull out a Red Book and say Mao says this, this, and this, cause the lady is going to close the door in our face or maybe laugh at us. So we go out and we tell them, ‘you and I together, we can put food in your children’s stomach and we can put shoes on your children's feet, if we join together. You alone can’t do it and we alone can’t doit, but both of us together can do it.’ ROLAND: Is there a group similar to yours in Puerto Rico and have any of your members recently arrived from or gone to Puerto Rico? RAFAEL: We’ ve got some brothers who are in Puerto Rico right now. I just got back a few months ago and I'm going back there next week. They've got a lot of small or- ganizations going in Puerto Rico, There is a group called LIBERATION that is organizing a lot of the grass roots people-- JIBAROS. These are the people that all of us stem from. Jibaro is the man who would be cutting sugar cane, picking coffee, his coffee and his sugar. Felipe Luciano, our N.Y. State Chairman, has a poem that reads: Coming home with the smell of sweet sugar on you You don't need no perfume and no cologne to bathe yourself in RAFAEL VIERA, Y.L.O. And your woman loves you-- Jibaro The biggest thing in Puerto Rico is the ARMED COMANDOS FOR LIBERATION, who, in the past year and a half, have torn up $35 million worth of ameriKKKan en- terprise, This organization is not underground, it’s just people who represent the military fraction of the Puerto Rican liberation move- ment, They have done some beau- tiful things, but they have jumped one step ahead of the people. They started engaging in armed strug- gle before the people were edu- cated to the need for arms. That's where organizations like LIBERA- TION come in, they educate the people. ROLAND: Are a lot of brothers and sisters from Puerto Rico still coming to Harlem in large num- bers? RAFAEL: I would say that more are going back now. The people who came up from Puerto Rico looking for milk and honey found that the milk was sour and that there was no honey, ROLAND; Would you run down some of the specifics relating to your recent bust, RAFAEL; I was arrested March 29, 1969, in Detroit for the al- leged murder of a policeman in Detroit, 147 of us were arrested after the attack upon the church, We were later released by Judge Crockett of Detroit. A week later I was re-arrested stemming from information given by a ‘concerned citizen.’ This ‘concerned citizen’ was David Brown, Jr., from Comp- ton, Calif, who -is a 19 year old ‘Mod Squad nigger’. He said that he saw me shoot the policeman, but all the evidence is completely con- tradictory in itself. I spent five months in jail and I’m out now on $5,000 bail, pending second degree murder charges. My trial starts March 2 in Detroit. ROLAND: Are any demonstrations planned in Detroit or elsewhere? RAFAEL:. What we're trying to do is organize a whole month of demonstrations for all political prisoners throughout the month of March. A lot of brothers and sisters are on trial now and their trials will be running all through March; the Panther 21, Rap Brown’s trial will start in March, the Brooklyn 19 trial will start in March, Huey’s appeal comes up this week which might run for a while, Los Siete de la Raza’strial starts February 16, We are going to try and organize around all these tirals. The reasonall these trials are in March is so they could split up the support into different factions. We want a month long demonstration to support all polit- ical prisoners. ROLAND; Before we close would you run down some of the things the Y.L.O. plans to do in the future? RAFAEL; We plan to try and get our church back, plus we are or- ganizing hospital workers and hopefully soon we are going to take over a hospital. That’s most likely our next offensive One of the main reasons Rafael came to the West Coast was to raise funds to help defend their political prisoners, all contribu- tions may be sent to: The Young Lords Organization 1678 Madison Ave, New York, New York 10029 ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE SEIZE THE TIME Roland Young Community News Reporter 17 YEAR OLD YOUTH MURDERED IN SACRAMENTO , CALIF. It is becoming clearer each day that FASCISM isa living reality and that it is beginning to con- solidate itself on a day-to-day, nitty-gritty basis. Daily, one can read in the news- paper, listen to the radioor look at television and witness accounts of systematic murders being perpet- rated against Black people in par- ticular and Third World people in general. And today, even Whites are beginning to feel the encroach- ments of FASCISM. GENOCIDE against Black people has been a systematic policy of ameriKKKan beastiality ever since Blacks were first forced upon this land in the 17th century. We must never lose sight of the fact that things inameriKKKa have always been bad for Black, Third World and poor White people--al- ways. The oppression that one can witness today is no different from the oppression, brutality and mur- der of Black slaves of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries; nor is it different from the treatment of Japanese refugees of the concen- tration camps of World War II nor the treatment of workers during their militant struggles of the 1930's. People are still being op- pressed, brutalized and murdered by the gestapo henchman (uni- formed pigs) of the ruling class, and the people still need a revolu- tion (which means power put into the hands of the powerless and the CON’T ON PAGE 7 PRESS INTERVIEW IN AMSTERDAM HOLLAND Big Man; The Black Panthers won't be wiped out Big Man, a big, well built Black Panther, is serious and doesn't laugh. Whyshould he? The war which the ameriKKKan police is fight- ing against the Black Panthers is escalating. Last month two Pan- thers were shot to death in Chi- cago (putting the number of mur- dered Panthers at twenty-eight), and a Panther headquarters in Los Angeles was transformed into a ruin during a siege by a large, hea- vily armed police force. These events have caused great indig- nation both inside and outside a- meriKKKa; never theless, Big Man ‘was certain that the violent sup- pression of the Black Panthers would go on, ‘*The suppression will continue, After these incidents, Hoover (from the FBI) said once again that the Black Panthers form the greatest danger for ameriKKKan Society. It is evident that he is clearing the way for a big offensive against us. This shall not odcur without a struggle, We shall not allow our- selves to be destroyed without fi- ring a shot, But the pigs will never be able tokill or jail all Cleavers, Newtons, or Hamptons. You can’t murder or jail an idea.” The Panthers, rapidly increasing in number, regard the ghettos in which they live as colonial terri- tories belonging to ‘‘racist, fascist, and capitalist?’ ameriKKKa, The police forces are the occupying troops whose task is to keep Black, Red, and Brown ameriKKKa under control, Do you consider every police agent to be an evil person? Big Man: ‘‘Let me say this. A good pig would refuse to act according to fascist principles. He would re- fuse to take our democratic right of protest away from us. He would kill the people who had trained him in murder, subjected him to brain- washing, people who are hired by politicians and businessmen; the very people he had sworn to help. He would lay down his weapon.” “‘But such a pig we have never seen, What we have seen is that 200 pigs threatened to strike in order to prevent disciplinary mea- sures being taken against 2 pigs. That happened during the trial a- gainst Huey Newton (founder of the party). They had shot up the Oak- land Panther Party headquarters and perforated the por - traits of Eldridge Cleaver with BIG MAN bullet holes in order to reinforce their demand of heavy punishment for Newton. Those are the pigs that we know.’” But after the events in Chicago, the Negro police did protest a- gainst the killing of the Panthers. Are they not good policemen? Big Man: ‘*The pigs in Chicago are controlled by Mayor Daley. We will be able to see from the result of their protest if it was forceful enough. But they should refuse to further serve the system which fights against the Vietcong in Vietnam and against the Black masses in ameriKKKa, Big Man (real name: Elbert Howard) is managing editor of the party weekly ‘‘Black Panther’’ and was invited to come to the Nether- lands by recently founded Black Panther Solidarity Committee of | é the Netherlands, He hopes to cor- rect the misunderstanding that the Black Panthers are racist and ag- gressive, and at the same time he wants to ask for support. But how can the Netherlands help? Big Man: ‘‘Everyone who fights against racism, fascism, and capi- talism in his own land helps us, because that is the same thing that we do. That way people will come to understand what we do. But we can also use money, There have been almost 30 Panthers killed. Most of them have left a family behind whom we are supporting. There have been 300 Panthers kid- napped, They are now in prison, and we have to support their fami- lies too. Tremendous sums of money are demanded for bail in the case of a Panther. Beyond that, we foresee in the primary needs of our folk, We have centers where free medical help is given, We have free breakfast programs for school children, so that they don’t have to sit at school with an empty stomach, We need much money for all this.” Do the Panthers expect much sup- port from the Netherlands, whose former slave transports have done much to contribute to the present misery of the ameriKKKan Negro? Big Man: ‘‘Thoses were the deeds of the ancestors - not this genera- tion, If that were not so, I could not walk freely on the streets here. But we were very kindly received by people like Peter Schumacher, president of the Netherlands Soli- darity Committee. The very fact that a solidarity committee has been founded shows that the Netherlan- ders are sympathetic with the Pan- thers, Why did you become a member of the Black Panther Party? Big Man: ‘‘I was born in the South, in Tennessee, where I was quickly confronted with racism and sup- pression, with the torments of Black people. I became inspired by Mal- colm X, and I could not agree with Dr. King’s nonviolence.I could not become active in that move. ment in which the demonstrators didn’t do anything when they were exposed to police cruelty with dogs and clubs. I like to fight back, you see, After military service, I went to California, where I saw Huey Newton and Bobby Seale and where I heard what they were preaching, They did not talk a- bout turning the other cheek; they talked about the laws of the land, which were made to protect us. They talked about the lawful right to own a weapon for self-defense, Malcolm X said that the best thing we have * on earth is our life, and we don’t give that up so easily. Huey Newton and Bobby Seale let me see how * the pigs who had sworn to protect us actually suppressed us. Inspired by the words and attitude of Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, I became a member of the party. What do you think of Martin Luther King and his successor Ralph Aber- nathy? Big Man: ‘*We do exactly the same thing as they do, What King did is exactly the same as we are doing. He also went to the people. He too exposed police cruelty, He and the Black Panthers talk about the same things and have the same goal. Proof of this is that{Abernathy spoke during the funeral of Fred Hampton (the Black Panther from Chicago who was killed by the Police), But when Abernathy comes to our community, we protect him in the same way that we try to protect everyone in our community against pigs. The Black Panthers have drawn up a plan to lay their cause in front of the United Nations. Do they really think that this world organization is going to react to their request? Big Man: ‘‘That is written in our party program, We want a plebis- cite under supervisionof the United Nations for the Black popula- tion of ameriKKKa to decide what they want. As a matter of fact, Black ameriKKKans have never been consulted, Naturally, it re- mains to be seen if the UN will react to this. We have very little faith in. any institution | which is situated within ameriKKKan boundaries, it is then under ameriKKKan influence, which is corrupt. But we do have faith in the people who are members of this institution. ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE!! THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 7 Later for Dirty Tricky Dick Tricky Dick Nixon is trying to run a new type of con game on Black people here in amertKKKa. He actually thinks we’re as stu- pid as he wants us to be, © Old Dirty Tricky Dick recently made a statement to members of the Black colony asking for a fav- orable response from the Black colony based on his deeds as op- posed tohiswords.I wonder what deeds he is talking about? Old scheming Tricky Dick, with a pig- gish smile upon his face went as far as to denounce his words and to admit that he is capable of running a game on us (that’s what he thinks) and admitted that he knows all the schemes, tricks and treacheries to continue to fool us and keep us in the dark, while in the same breath he attempts to use this same trickery andtrea- chery to run a new game on us, Later for you pig. We see and understand what you are trying to do. Tricky Dick is telling us about there being a performance gap within the ameriKKKan pig governmental society. We knew that all the time. As far as Black people are concerned there has always been a gap, BIG gap! Tricky Dick has not nor is he now telling us that he has tried to close this gap, we know better, but what he is doing is asking us to peek under his blood stained carpet and into the cracks andcre- vices of his filthy administration and materialize or more than like- ly invent some type of achieve- ment, (he doesn’t know of any ei- ther) so that he can play off of that. He knows that we inthe Black colony have been using his words to prove to the skeptics just what a lying little snake of a pig he really is, He knows that we have been usinghiswords againsthim. He realizes that the Black colony's become uptight to hiswords and so he has said ‘later for the words’ now, ‘dig cn my deeds’. Tricky Dick is trying to use reverse phys- cology of us. He is trying to fool us into fooling ourselves! We must say to Tricky Dick that neither his deeds nor his words are worth anything, We must make it known that we realize that the deeds of the administration of Pig Nixon do not nor were they designed to relate to the masses of Black peo- ple We must not fail to recog- nize that the deeds of Tricky Dick have been little different than the deeds of Hitler, only Hitler was overt where Nixon is covert. We must say that there is not a thing that Tricky Dick has done that is even worth assessing. Tricky Dirty Dick is still murdering the Vietnamese peoples, he is still using punk Agnew to cause dis- ruptions and disunity around the world as well as here in Babylon, he has still cut our welfare (rot- ten to the core) checks to offset the raise we receive in social security benefits. Black people are no better off than we were under old prune faced lynch and burn Johnson, we still don’t havea thing, we are still a colonialized people, we are still shot dead by fas- cist power hungry, crazed, fanatic, puppet pigs and an even greater effort is being made to destroy the Black Panther Party. We are still not free in any sense of the word. So what is there to assess? The only assessment that we can make as Black people is that Tricky Dick is still trying to run a game on the people. We as Black peo- ple realize the only relevant ac- tion, effort or deed today can be nothing less than revolutionary, that is to say, designed to aid the revolution or to meet a rev- olutionary goal. We know Tricky Dick will never do this and so we say later for Tricky Dick! We say to Tricky Dirty Dick that we realize that the gap is still there and as soon as possible we are going to see that you fall in it, LATER FOR YOU DIRTY DICK! ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE SEIZE THE TIME Leonard R, Francis Washington, D C. YOUTH MURDERED oppressed). Another example of GENOCIDE, sanctioned by the pigs, occurred last Saturday (2/7/70) in Sacra- mento, Calif. A 17 year old youth was shot to-death by a White man, 25 year old Frank Rhodes, who claimed that the youth, David Arm- strong, and his Black male com- panion, 20 year old Charles Jennings, were fleeing from his home after they had, allegedly, stolen his Dobermann pinscher. Rhodes claims that while at- tempting to apprehend Armstrong and Jennings he fired three or four shots, one or two of which were supposedly ‘‘warning shots,’’ at them, One of the shots hit and fatally wounded Armstrong. The pig report claims that it was a shot in the ‘‘buttocks’’ that proved to be fatal. Rhodes was not arrested be- cause the pig investigation clas- sified the murder as ‘‘justifiable homicide.’’ Jennings, however, was arrested and booked on char- ges of burglary and murder, The murder charge is a result of a California law that indicts, as guilty, any party who was engaged in a ‘“crime’’ that resulted in the death of another person who was also engaged in the ‘‘crime.’’ For instance, if the pigs vamp on a Panther office and they murder a Panther, another Panther can be charged with the murder since it was ‘‘the fault of the Panthers for engaging in a criminal act (being a Panther) and causing the Pigs to have to engage in murder,”’ This, purely and simply, is a law that is used to ‘‘justify'’ and *‘legalize’' a policy of GENOCIDE, proving once again that the people have no rights which the pigs are even thinking about respecting. We must get hip to the fact that laws sanctioned by the pigs are designed as mechanisms to insure and justify their scurvy anachronistic rule. There are more PEOPLE than there are PIGS, let's get on with the BAR-B-Q. SEIZE THE TIME ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE Roland Young Community News Reporter have been reported as isolated instances (like Songmy), when, in reality, quite the opposite is true. Over 20 members of the Panther Party have been murdered by police, dozens more forces into exile or jailed. It is imperative that members of the antiwar move- ment recognize that the strug- gles for self-determination are one, and an attack on one is an attack on all. The SMC offers its cooperation and sup- port to the defense of the Black Panther Party in any way possible. To Black America, repres- sion is not a new phenomenon. Hundreds of years of American history have been disgraced by the systematic genocide of third world peoples. The latest blatent attacks upon the Panthers have been a con- tinuation of such policy, and are also intended to intimi- date all those now challenging the present power structure. DEFEND THE PANTHERS The Student Mobilization Committee condemns the attacks of the American government upon the Black Panther Party. We recognize that the govern- ment does not tolerate libera- tion struggles of any kind--be they abroad in Vietnam, or at home, in Black America. By murder, exile, and imprison- The coordinated raids and killings of Black Panthers ment, they seek to suppress the forces of struggle. THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 8 ~ FREE MONTAE sm Also, the judge admits that Montae was less involved than the other two and worse yet, the judge ad- mits that Montae andthe so-called -~ victim were friends This sentence is fascist‘‘justice’’, Councilman Foglietta’s recent _ vacist attack on the Breakfast Pro- gram in South Philly didn’t stop the feeding of hungry children; therefore, RIZZO, TATE and CO, resorted to KIDNAPPING Montae. You can jail the Breakfast Co- ordinator but you cannot jail the Breakfast Program! This crime of the power structure is part of a national conspiracy to exterminate the Black Panther Party and all other progressive forces for meaningful change. Excessive bail and unreasonably long sentences 3 Held On $85,000 Bail Go Year Without Trial Black Panthers Jailed. RALPH COBB POLITICAL PRISONER stated that ‘‘four White men’’ were and it AmeriKKKan “*justice’’ once again exposed its fascist nature on Thursday, January 29th, when Rolando Montae Hearn, Co- ordinator of the statewide Break- fast Program, established by the Philadelphia Branch of the Black Panther Party, was sentenced to six months to ten years on a false robbery charge. Hisreal crimes were conspiracy to feed hungry children and inflicting hot nourish- ing breakfasts on thousands of Black, Brown, White etc. children, The railroad job took place in City Hall. Everybody in the court- room could see the injustice in jail- ing Montae. This injustice is ob- vious as the two other men al- ready convicted ofthesame sup- posed robbery, neither of them Panthers, were put on probation. Panther “Sell- by Aubyn Lewis On January 2\st of this year after eight long, arduous months of imprisonment under the most deprived of conditions, Frances Carter (of the New Haven 14) was told she would be released on bail because the evidence thus far presented was insufficient to detain her any longer. Supposedly it was jointly agreed upon by the prosecution, the judge, and the defense; and all that was left to finalize the agreement was some incidental paperwork. As it turned out Frances Carter was released for one day and a half, if that. Forin the U.S. of A., as we will see, the price of freedom can come quite high. In order for Frances to remain out of jail she was told to testify against her brothers and sisters who were also on trial, and asa result be granted immunity or if refusing, be judged in contempt thereby revoking her bail. Frances’ decision was to feject the ‘‘bribe’’. Despite the fact that she would be separated even longer from her newborn child, among the many other hardships that such a decision would bring, Frances did not waiver. Frances wasn't trying to be noble or dramatize the insidious injustice being done her, for that was all too obvious. Frances simply could not permit herself to become a contributor to the corrupt manure-pile which occupies the condemned halis of American justice. The following is Frances Carter's statement word-for- word. Read on and find out how strong a Black woman canbe... mon “I decline to answer the question. I have been advised by my lawyer that if I answer this question I wili have waived my right to refuse to answer other questions. Thus although this question may seem unimportant I will refuse to respond. I do this because I feel that any answer I might give would be an infringement of my rights to privacy, to freedom of association, to freedom of speech and thought. To the extent that my answer might in some way tend to implicate others, might be a link in a chain are the tactics of this overt repres- sion, Support Montae and all other po- litical prisoners! The appeal of Montae’s case will require large sums of money. The Defense Com- mittee for Political Prisoners has been formed to raise funds for le- gal defense and to awaken the community to blatant injustices such as that perpetrated on Ro- lando Montae Hearn, FREE MONTAE!: FREE ALL POLITICAL PRI- SONERS! Send your contributions to the: DEFENSE COMMITTEE FOR PO- LITICAL PRISONERS 4710 Warrington Ave., Phila,, Pa. asked to Out” FRANCES CARTER AMM of Jersey City and executed by his of evidence for these charges against my sisters and brothers. I also refuse to answer on the grounds that to do so would degrade and humiliate me. Finally I invoke my right not to give evidence against myself. In view of the statements of others in this courtroom I want it quite clear that I in no way fear for my life or health. At least I have no such fears from sisters and brothers with whom I have always stood in the fight for human dignity. In sum I decline to answer on the grounds of the First, Fourth, Fifth, Eight, Ninth, Tenth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States and Sections 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 14 of the Constitution of the state of Connecticut. Finally I want to note that I do not feel that I have had enough time to consult with my attorney about anything as momentous as this and that I am therefore being denied my rights to counsel in violation of the 5th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution of the United States and Section 8, Article 1 of the Constitution of this state.” momen an Of course if Frances Carter had been tried according to the legitimate application of Constitutional law then the entire situation would have never occurred. But due to the perverse nature of this country’s legal system as it relates to Blacks, Frances Carter knew that justice could only be had for a price, and in this case the price was too high to pay. Three Black Panther party mem- bers, Isaiah Rowley, Charles Hicks, and Victor Perez have been framed on the charge of machine gunning a police station in 198, They have been denied their civil liberties and have been locked in the Hud- son County Jail, often in solitary confinement, for over a year, There has been no trial, and the ori- ginal bail was raised to an im- possible $85,000, Rowley, the most prominent of the prisoners, is a community lea- der of considerable skill, highly respected by Blacks and by many Whites in the city, He is an ar- ticulate spokesman for his peo- ple. All three men have fa- milies and roots in the city, andall three have worked on community | Panther programs such as the breakfast program and the libera- tion School, Ralph Cobb, a fourth Black Pan- ther. has been falsely charged with “kidnapping, assault, and ex- tortion’ “crime,’’ as with the other Pan- thers, is campaigning for the com- plete freedom of Black ameri- KKKans. He is out on bail awaiting trial. In the early morning hours of Dec. 6, 199, JIsaiah ‘‘Duberry’’ Rowley was arrested, The order was given by Mayor Thomas Whelan brother, George Whelan, police di- rector for the city. The charge: allegedly machine-gunning a police precinct. Though the original report ’, Cobb says that his real seen leaving the scene of the attack, Isaish and two other Black Panthers Charles Hicks and Victor Perez, were arrested. Following their arraignment, bail was set at $7500. After receiving a hurried phone call, however, the judge escalated the bail to $85, 000, Due to political pressure, no bailbondsman would take the bail. The three Panthers have now been in jail, often in solitary confinement for over a year, and no trial has been held, STORY OF A LEADER Just who is this Isaiah Rowley, the 24-year old native of Jersey City who now faces life impri- sonment? He is a man long fa- miliar with the wavs of this small city--with the Poverty 0f its Blacks and. with the corruption of its politics, As ayoungster, Isaiah proved that he was weli-named when he of- fered leadership to black youth. Later, he spent three years in prison for robbery. Upon his re- lease, he went to St. John’s Epis- copal Church for a job, and be- came a community organizer. His dedication to his people, coupled with his creative organizing genius, produced a fighting tenants group and the first welfare rights group in the city. ORGANIZING THE PEOPLE _ Late in 1966 he drafted a pro- gram for the rehabilitation of men released from prison, Project Anti- Recidivism was formed, was funded by the N.J. Council of Churches, Isaiah himself worked in the program, and the project received high praise from the en- tire community. But the brothers Whelan were looking for a means to scuttle the P.A.R, and to quench the spirit in the Black community that grew out of the project. The ax fell when Isaiah concluded that a basic change in the Black community could come about only by organizing the people for political change, and when he accordingly organized the Black Panther Party in the city and throughout the state, Isaiah and other Party members began to accompany local police on their patrols in the Black com- munity, in order to report any incidents of police harassment or brutality, It soon became apparent that the police wanted I- saiah off the streets, and that they were not above employing various unlawful harassment techniques to prove their point. Mayor Whelan stated early in the fall of 1968: “the Black Panther Party is through in Jersey City|’”” Then came the machine-gunning. With Isaiah’s arrest, Project Anti Recidivism , collapsed in Jer- sey City, But Mayor Whelan’s state- ment on the Panthers was prema- ture: Isaiah Rowley is not for- gotten and the Black Panther Par- ty here continues to feed 125 chil- dren a day, and to serve the many other needs of the Black peo- ple in Jersey City. Black Panther Party Perseveres In Jersey City With the arrest and jailing of Isaiah Rowley, Charles Hicks and Victor Peréz, Mayor Whelan thought he had seen the last of the Black Panther Party. New leadership appeared how- ever, determined to continue and broaden the work of the Party while the defense of the arrested leaders was undertaken . The Constitu- tional Law Center of New York sought an injunction against the authorities to prevent _ further harassment of Black Panthers. A jfree hot breakfast program for children in the ghetto (patterned after the nation-wide Panther br: sHAEMAMNNNEANOENMNAAELANNNMTNND fast program) was launched with success because of wide community support. A Liberation School was established to bring the rich his- tory of the black people to members of the community. The authorities struck again, Ralph Cobb, a Panther , was arrested and charged with the cr- imes of ‘‘kidnapping, assault and extortion,’’ What Cobbs says a- bout himself and his party reveals why he was selected as the fourth political prisoner: “TI am an officer of the N.J. Chapter of the Black Panther Par- ‘The party has a policy and Bron NOTICE T0 THE COMMUNITY Melvin ‘‘Lucky’’ Jenkins has been expelled zfrom the Black Panther Party for. failing to pcomply with the principles and rules of the : 2 February 6, 1970 Mr. Melvin Jenkins c/o Black Panther Party 21336 Fillmore San Francisco, California When I last spoke to you on the Jenkins was working out of the San | Francisco Black Panther Party office at 1336 : Fillmore Street. Te phone, I told you that the court failed to issue a bench warrant for your arrest when you did not appear on the day of trial. A check of the courts. records, however, reveals that at some time other than when I was present in the courtroom, a warrant was is- sued, am confident that we can still trial if we can return your case 2 to the calendar before too much : time elapses, Please contact me in this regard, gram of struggle for complete free- dom of black Americans, for the advancement of their interests and for the defense against official per- secution, among other specified po- litical goals, Our staunch fidelity to our program has led to wide- spread jailing of our members, and especially our leaders, on trumped- up charges in many jurisdictions. It will be part of my defense in this case that the charges against me are false and unfounded; that they are political in inspiration, and that they are part of anation-wide cam- paign of persecution against the Black Panther Party."’ avavenaraneconuenvenececeeveacecennecaeeneeaeecaee dispose of your case without a Very truly yours, Jerry A, Green Attorney At Law THE PEOPLE THE LANDLORDS Tuesday, January 27, 50 people from the South End community pic- keted at 81st and 85 Waltham St. against property owner, Richard Maher. The demonstration was held to protest the termination of the re- straining order which was served against Maher previously. The re- straining order which terminated at 10:30 a.m. on the 27th was to allow tenants to relocate them- selves, Maher has been trying to evict the tenants unsuccessfully since October of 1968. Since that date he has made eight proposals to the tenants, none of which were ac- cepted. He even went so far as to offer old rundown dilapidated housing in the South End which is just about ready to be demo- lished, On Dec, 16, Maher and his goon squadwent to 81 Waltham St. (one of his 30 houses), turned off the heat and water (also doing the same thing at 85 Waltham St.) stuffed the tenants’ clothing into bags and nailed their doors. That night Ma- her and his goon squad of 15 at- tempted to evict the tenants but changed their plans when the peo- ple came on the scene, However, they succeeded in smashing the boiler at 81st which Maher first said ‘“‘might have been destroyed by angry workers who wanted to get started on the rehabilitation of the house.”’ He later replied that he had ‘*no comment’. The tenants have been organizing pother tenants to get Maher to re- move all building violations (poor heating, etc.)andhave taken their case to federal court. Maher’s game -is--the federal government allots money for land owners to buildor renovate hous- ing into low income housing and return the housing to their previous tenants at low rent which the ten-~ ants can afford. Maher intends to buy up the housing in the South End (he owns 30 houses in that area), evict the tenants, renovate the housing luxuriously, raise the rent to $175 - $250 amonth(which has been done) and rent to the lib- erals, ‘“‘hippies’’,and elements of the bourgeoisie: this is indicative of the situation in the South End, The South End is a poor com- munity on the edge of the Black community which contains almost every ethnic group (Puerto Ri- cans, Blacks, poor Whites, Indi- ans, and Chinese), The Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) along with its lackeys, who have the same things in common, have been buying up all the property in the South End as quick as is humanly possible. ° In 1968the deal with the BRA began. The people of the South End went to City Hall to nego- tiate with Pig Mayor Kevin White. The people of the community de- “WE WANT DECENT HOUSING, FIT FOR SHELTER OF HUMAN BEINGS We believe that if the White landlords will not give decent housing to our Black community, then ‘he housing and the land should be made into cooperatives so that our community, with government aid, n build and make decent hous. for its people."’ (Point Ne Black Panther Party 10 I atform and Program) Black Panther Party was in od to take a guided tour of the elfield Court Apartments at 5335 Belfield Ave. Our section leader, Clarence Peterson, went to check the situation out and these pictures speak loudly of what he saw. What they don’t show are the roaches, rats and mice that live side by side withthe tenants. Nei- ther do they show the doors hang- ing half-way off their hinges, dark hallways that make it easy for any manded that they (the people) have the power to decide what type of housing is to be builtand how the housing will be planned. In other words, the people demanded the power to determine the des- tiny of their own community, The mayor told the people that he could not give the people that power and told them that the best he could do was to give them the power of review--the fascist game of trickery and deception- White had no intention whatsoever of allow- ing the people to decide what type of housing was suitable for the people of the community, (But because the people understood the true nature of the pig's plan, they refused this offer.) The peo- ple then went out into the com- munity and chose their own can- didates from the community and held a people's election from June 26, 1968 - July 3 in which approxi- mately 14,000 people turned out to vote, The qualifications for candi- dacy were (1) you must be 16 years of age or over and (2) be a resident of the South End. The mayor, seeing the strength of the people and his steady loss of ground with the people, organ- ized his own election--a pig elec- tion July 28-30 for which very few people turnedout. Those elected out of the mayor’s election formed a committee called S$ E.P.A.C. (South End People’s Action Com- mittee) which is run by all White slumlords and two tenants. These ‘‘slumlords’* own slum housing in the South End, The issues dis- cussed by this so-called committee are: whether or not to have gas lamps or if brick sidewalks should be built. S.E.P.A.C. has the only legal voice with the BRA and the mayor. The people of the South End have been fighting these slumlords persistently since 1965 and have met with much resistance from the mayor and his lackeys, the BRA, the courts and the private greedy landowners who don't care what happens to poor people and their struggle to survive in this deca- dent society. The people, because we have no economical power or own any land or the means of production, have no means at our disposal to de- mand our human rights other than that of political power which de- livers a consequence to our tor- mentors for their part in the genocide of our people. We mean by this that the oppressor must have no sleep, he must be harassed by day and night. He must re- turn to us what is rightfully ours or face the consequences, He has no rights. REVOLUTION IN OUR LIFETIME BLACK PANTHER PARTY Boston Chapter THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 9 Point No, 4, We want decent housing, fit for shelter of human beings, THE PEOPLE HAVE A RIGHT TO DECENT HOUSING For the second year in a row, the tenants of 1374 and 1378 College Ave in the Bronx are looking forward to a cold, hard winter (freezing out- side and inside) , On Monday evening of this past week the boiler in 1378 went on the blink, Expecting that it would be repaired the following morning no one seemed to be terribly excited about the lack of heat or hot water, Tuesday brought another day of the same and telephone calls to the a- gent and building dept. of the city of New York voicing complaints. No results! Finally, a visit from the city in the form of a building inspec- tor who promised that something would be done that same day, A cou- ple of men did show up to look at the boiler, And the last one (who was a serviceman of the agent's fuel deal- er) was told not to do anything by the agent, but to let the city repair OR $79, $89, $99 A perverted and troubled person to mug someone, nor the electrical shortages in the building. In one sister’s apartment, the water from the basement’s wash- ing machines backs up into her kitchen sink with the results shown in the photograph. Another apart- ment was completely burned out due to a slipshod electrical string- ing together of wires some fool had the nerve to call ‘‘wiring'’. The former occupant of the apartment suffered a total loss to his be- longings, caused by the pig land- lord’s ignoring the housing vio- lation which led to the disasterous fire, Naturally, these conditions evi- dence a total disregard for human life and welfare on the part of the owner of the building there- fore, we smell a funky pig on the scene. To add insult to injury, this pig. Ruth Elkins, (excuse us, this pig, Ruth Elkins, has the gall MONTH the boiler, Thursday, Martin Luther King’s birthday, we were again with- out heat, Tenants called the agent and the complaint bureaus receiv- ing run-arounds and nothing else, The agent said, ‘‘someone is ontheir way now’ while the building dept. said, ‘‘this all takes time.’ On Fri- day, still no heat. A group of tenants paid a visit to the agency's office, where upon the agent resigned. How- ever, the repairman didshow up on this day, supposedly fixed the boiler and the tenants were once again with heat and hot water..,, But not for long, About an hour after everyone had gotten comfortable, washed dishes and started to run water for a bath (after 4 days)....the sound of fire en- gines and alas, a fire in the boiler. No heat again! No agent! And who in the hell knows where the. land lord is or even who he is. Who to call, who to see, what to do? to charge rent for these sub-human conditions and it’s to the tune of $79.00 monthly for two rooms, $89.00 monthly for three rooms and $99.00 for four rooms of pure unadulterated squalor, The tenants rarely see this pig's face (she dare not show her snout too often), because she deals with her tenants estate agent, Walter Bell, or Jim Burns, a racist punk from Neigh- borhood ‘‘renewal'’. The foul creatures conspired to keep the tenants in a_ state of abject misery, In cohoots with them is the Pig Fire Department who told the tenants after the fire that the cause was unknown. (All the walls were burned out, you dig, and be- fore the fire the apartments were scorchingly hot; yet they were un- able ‘‘to determine the cause of the fire’’.) Thatthere has been some sort of hanky-panky going with the Department of Licenses and Inspections isapparent from the Eventually it was decided that the tenants would have to get the boiler repaired themselves and pay for it with the money normally spent for rent. Fortunately the super of the building was able to secure a friend of his who did the repair. At the pre- sent time we are lucky enough tohave what whould be considered one of the necessities of life--heat, but for how long, nobody knows, in as much as we now need a new boiler and a new landlord, If the landlords will not give decent housing to our commu- nity, then the housing and the land should be made in to co-operatives so that our community, with govern- ment aid can build and make decent housing for its people. RIGHT ON! BARBARA CURRY TENANT fact that these criminals are not in jail. In an attempt to discourage the righteous struggle of the people of Belfield Apartments, the owner, in a completely reactionary act of intimidation, threatened the ten- ants with,eviction for»refusing to pay the monthly, extortion charges. But the people’s spirits are high and the fight for decent housing goes on, The people and the Black Panther Party demand decent housing fit for the shelter of hu- man beinfs, THE SKY WILL BE THEIR LIMIT! If you are having similar pro- blems with your slumlord con- tact: BLACK PANTHER PARY 1928 W Columbia Ave. CE6-3358 BLACK PANTHER PARTY Philadelphia Branch I remember once during the trial of Huey P. Newton, a lawyer stopped me in the hall of the Alameda County Courthouse. He was verynervous, and he said, ‘‘They are crucifying Huey in there--they ave turning him ito another Jesus. “And I remember almost instinctively replying, ‘‘Yes, Huey is our Jesus, but we want him down from the cross.’’ The tendency to look upon Huey as being above and beyond others, to view Huey as being different from everybody else, I think this is something that happens; I know that it happens to members ; of the Black Panthers, and it happens more \and more to Black) people who have an understanding about Huey, and who |know alittle about his leadership of the Party and some of the| very courageous stands that he has taken. When you think of Huey, along with his followers, out on the streets of Oakland at night, in alleys, on dark streets, comnmrgnie ns by racist pig cops who are known to be very brutal, very vicious and murderous in their approach to Black people, you cannot help but be , , amazed and fascinated by his seriousness, by : “his willingness and yveadiness to lay down his life INTRODUCTION in defense of the rights of his people, and his own rights; his human rights and his Constitutional rights. P. NEWTON I cannot help but say that Huey P. Newton is the baddest nigger ever to set foot inside of history, |Huey has a very special meaning to Black people, because for four hundred years Black people have been wanting to do exdetly what Huey Newton did, that is, to stand up im front of the most deadly tentacle of the White racist power structure, and to defy that deadly tentacle, and to ‘tell that tenacle that he will not accept the aggression and the brutality, and that if he is moved against, he will retaliate in kind. Huey Newton is a classical revolutionary figure. His imagination is constantly at work, conjuring up strategies amd tactics that apply classical revolutionary principles to the situations confronting Black people here in amerviKKKa,, Much has been written about Huey P, Newton, Minister of Defense of the: Black Panther Party, but most of what has been written, it seems to me, obscures his essential character; as it fails really to show Huey in motion. The|man who knows Huey perhaps better than anyone else is Bobby Seale, Chairman ofthe Black Panther Party, who. along with Huey, organized the Party. Bobby has known Huey Newton for approxi- mately eight years, dating back to their daysat Merritt College in Oakland)He has had a chance to observe Huey under varying circumstances and in various. situations, and he has the kind of appreciation and understanding of Huey that’ come only from careful observation, that become a fixation jon what makes this man, Huey Newton, tick. & Because Bobby united with Huey and, ina very. veal sense, placed his life in Huey’s hands, he had' very good reason for checking out Huey very closely, and he arrived at the conclusion that it was a propery and safe thing to do, I would say that, knowing Bobby and Huey, and knowing the relationship that exists between the two of them, Bobby had no choice, and felt compelled to PRISON, WHERE IS THY When a person studies mathematics he learns that there are many mathematical laws which determine the approach he must take to solving the problems presented to him, In the study of geometry one of the first laws a person learns is that ‘‘the whole is not greater than the sum of its parts.’’ This means simply that one cannot have a geo- metrical figure such as a circle or a square whichin its totality con- tains more than it does when broken down into smaller parts, Therefore if all the smaller parts add up to a certain amount, the entire figure cannot add up to a larger amount, The prison cannot have a victory over the prisoner because those in charge take the same kind of ap- proach to the prisoner and assume if they have the whole body in a cell that they have there all that makes up the person, But a prisoner is not a geometrical figure and an approach which is successful in mathematics is wholly unsuccessful when dealing with human beings. In the case of the human we are not dealing only with the single individual, we are also dealing with the ideas and beliefs which have motivated him and which sustain him even when his body is confined. In the case of humanity the whole is much greater than its parts be- cause the whole includes the body which is measurable and confineable, and also the ideas which cannot be measured and which cannot be confined, The ideas are not only within the mind of the prisoner where they cannot be seen nor controlled, the ideas are also within the people, The ideas which can and will sustain our movement for total freedom and dignity of the people cannot be imprisoned, for they are to be found in the people, all the people, wherever they are. As long as the people live by the ideas of freedom and dignity there will be no prison which can hold our movement down, Ideas move'from one person to another in the association of brothers and sisters who recognize that a most evil system of capitalism has set us against each other when our real_ enemy is the exploiter who profits from our poverty. When we realize such an idea then we come to love and appreciate our bro- thers and sisters who we may have seen as enemies, and those ex- ploiters who we may have seen as friends revealed for what they truly are to all oppressed people. The people are the idea, the re- spect and dignity of the people as they move toward their freedom is the sustaining force which reaches into and out of the prison. The walls, the bars, the guns and the guards can never encircle or hold down the idea of the people. And the people must always carry forward the idea which is their dignity and their beauty, The prison operates with the idea that when it has a person’s body it has his entire being--since the whole cannot be greater than the sum of its parts. They put the body in a cell and seem to get some sense of relief and security from-that fact. The idea of prison victory then is that when the person in jail begins to act, think, and believe the way they want him to then they have won the battle and the person is then ‘‘rehabilitated’’, But this cannot be the case because those who operate the prisons have failed to examine their own beliefs thoroughly, and they fail to understand the types of people they at- tempt to control. Therefore even when the prison thinks it has won the victory there is no victory. There are two types of prisoners, The largest number are those who accept the legitimacy of the assumptions upon which the society is based, They wish to acquire the same goals as everybody else, money, power, greed, and conspicuous consumption. In order to do So, however, they adopt techniques and methods which the society has defined as illegitimate. When this is discovered such people to take a very oppression “ELDRIDGE CLEAVER, 1 are put in jail. They may be called ‘illegitimate capitalists’ since their aim is to acquire everything this capitalistic society defines as legitimate but in a manner which the society has defined as ille- gitimate, The second type of prisoner is the one who rejects the legi- timacy of the assumptions upon which the society is based, He argues that the people at the bottom of the society are exploited for the profit and advantage of those at the top. Thus the oppressed exist and will always be used to maintain the privileged status of the exploiters. There is no sacredness, there is no dignity in either exploiting or being exploited, Although this system may make the society function at a high level of technological efficiency, it is an illegitimate system since it rests upon the suffering of humans who are as worthy and as dignified as those who do not suffer, Thus the second type of prisoner says that the society is corrupt and illegitimate and must be over- thrown. This second type of prisoner is the political prisoner. They do not accept the legitimacy of the society and cannot participate in its- corrupting exploitation, whether they are in the prison or on the block. The prison cannot gain a victory over either type of prisoner no matter how hard it tries, The ‘‘illegitimate capitalist’’ recognizes that if he plays the game the prison wants him to play he will have his time reduced and be released to continue his activities. Therefore he is willing to go through the prison programs and do the things he is told, He is willing to say the things the prison authorities want to hear, The prison assumes he is ‘‘rehabilitated’’ and ready for the society, The prisoner has really played the prison’s game so that he can be released to resume the pursuit of his capitalistic goals. There is no victory, for the prisoner from the git-go accepted the idea of veal sense, placed his life in Huey’s hands, he had vevy good veason Jory checking out Huey very closely, and he arrived at the conclusion that it was a proper and safe | thing to do, I would say that, knowing Bobby and Huey, and knowing the relationship that exists between the two of them, Bobby had no choice, and felt compelled to place his life in Huey’s hands. You could almost say that his admiration and on’t mean this in any religious who is motivated by a deep and eople, who is seeking ognizes that it is going to cut into the , to take a revolutionary level that is oppressing them., at Huey will do the en moment, “that his instincts are su hing to do but follow Huey and back him up. ‘R OF INFORMATION a BLACK PANTHER PARTY, us A, October 26, 1968 "ICTORY the society. He pretends to accept the idea of the prison as a part of the game he has always played. The prison cannot gain a victory over the political prisoner because he has nothing to be rehabilitated from or to. He refuses to accept the legitimacy of the system and refuses to participate, To partici- pate is to admit that the society is legitimate because of its exploi- tation of the oppressed, This is the idea which the political prison- er does not accept, this is the idea for which he has been imprisoned, and this is the reason why he cannot cooperate with the system. The Political prisoner will in fact serve his time just as will the ‘‘illegiti- mate capitalist’’, Yet the idea which motivated and sustained the polit- ical prisoner rests in the people, all the prison has is a body. The dignity and beauty of man rests in the human spirit which makes him more than simply a physical being. This spirit must never be suppressed for exploitation by others, As long asthe people recog» nize the beauty of their human spirits and move against suppression and exploitation they will be carrying out one, of the most beautiful ideas of all time. Because the human whole is much greater than the sum of its partstheideas will always be among the people. The prison cannot be victorious because walls, bars and guards cannot conquer or hold down an idea. ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE Huey P, Newton Minister of Defense Black Panther Party THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 12 THE PATROIT PARTY | SPEAKS TO THE MOVEMENT The Patriot Party is a reyo- lutionary Party for poor and op- ressed white people. We recognize that the struggle here in Baby- lon is a class struggle; the haves against the have nots; the oppres- ed against the oppressor and the exploited against the exploiter. For some time now, the so called white ‘‘movement” in this country, has failed to recognize or support the Patriot Party - this includes: radical groups and radi- cal papers, The Patriot Party is not playing; we’re drawing that clear line of demarcation between our enemies and our friends, so the ‘tmoyement”’ had better make up its mind which way its going to go. The Patriot Party is mo- ving too fast to be concerned a- bout those holding the people back from their freedom. The Patriot Party is dealing with the survival of our people - the poor and oppressed white people/ We're sick and tired of certain people and groups telling us ‘‘there ain't no such thing as poor and op- pressed white people,’’ that’s where the Patriot Party comes in - we’re that ‘‘no such thing’’ - we're peo- ple from all over Babylon - north, south, Appalachia - where our chil- dren die at four because of star- vation and indecent housing - the poor and oppressed white people. The so called ‘*moyement’’ better begin to realize, that - first of all - we're human beings, we’re real; second - we've always been here, we didn’t just materialize; and third - we’re not going away, even if you choose not to admit we exist. The ‘‘movement"’ seems to be more interested in Class-Clown, Abbie Hoffman, than kids getting food in their stomachs, or medi- cal needs, They are more interes- ted in Abbie Hoffman - the actor, making his film debut in ‘‘Prolo- gue.’’ Well, we’ve got something for Abbie Hoffman - he’d better turn that money over to the peo- ple. That’s what we’ve got to say to Abbie. He talks about Revolu- tion for the fun of it. Well, this is no game, We've got 30 class brothers killed already. 32 to be exact, dered, we’re talking about Pan- thers, Patriots and Lords - the oppressed people's warriors being killed, And if he thinks this is a revolution for the fun of it, he’s either a fool or a pig. Abbie Hoffman and the rest of the Conspiracy 6 now get paid to speak about their famous trial. Well, we have something to say to the rest of them too; those defendants who stood by and watched the Chairman of the Black Panther Party be handcuffed and gagged in that courtroom. If there were Patriots at that trial with the Chairman, they would have had to gag and chain 8 of us down. We're talking about Brothers and Sisters who stand in solidarity, who go down together - not make fool movies about it. Nobody calls us Brother unless they can take that step - that’s solidarity! We know damn well if there were Patriots ticipation, The ‘‘movement”’ doesn’t even recognize that we exist. They are racist toward op- pressed white people. The Patriot Party comes from the people who have been down, and when you're down, the only place to go is up toward freedom, and anybody who stands in our way, and tries to stop us, is the enemy. The Patriot Party grew out of the old Young Patriot Organization in Uptown Chicago. We split from the Young Patriot Organization be- rather relate to some old bar- room friends than the masses of the people. So, a few of the Y.P.O, members said ‘‘we’ve got to move with the people. we can’t relate to old friends that- are actually hurting our people.’ We knew that a revolutionary Party could not tail behind the people, but has to lead, and show the people by ex- ample. So we left the Y.P.O, and formed the Patriot Party, Let it be clear that we did not leave the people of Uptown Chicago, only SOLIDARITY BETWEEN THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY AND THE PATRIOT PARTY at that lynching (trial), they would have had to shoot us. We would have gagged that fascist Hoffman, and all his lackeys and, while we would have been gagging them, we would have been educating the peo- ple. The only educating that came out of that trial was by Chairman Bobby, The rest of the defendants didn’t educate, they made a circus out of it. They showed that the only leader was Bobby Seale be- cause as soon as Bobby left the trial, the only ringmaster was Fascist Hoffman. The seven de- fendants had never been so honored in their lives than to have Bobby Seale in the same courtroom with When we talk about them, and they'll never be so hon- Brothers being killed and mur-~ ored again, That’s what the Pa- triots have to say to them. Most of the so-called ‘‘move- ment’’ states that they recognize our Brothers and Sisters of the Black Panther Party as the Van- guard Party - however, they do not follow their ideology or practice. The Patriot Party recognizes the Black Panther Party as the Van- guard by our practice. The peo- ple learn by observation and par- WAGE GARNISHMENTS RULED UNCONSTITUTIONAL Statewide Effects The California Supreme Court ruled Friday that all persons whose wages have been attached by cre- ditors are entitled to their money back until their cases are tried in a court of law. In a suit brought by the San Francisco Neighborhood Legal As- sistance Foundation, the high court ruled that attachment of wages without first giving the debtor an opportunity for a hearing is un- constitutional. The court deter- mined that all money being held under attachment must be refunded to the debtors until their cases are decided, The plaintiff was Ro- bert McCallop, who had $96 at- tached from his earnings at Blue Shield of California . Before the court ruling, a cre- ditor could have the local sheriff attach a'debtor’s wages before go- ing to court. If the court even- tually said it was a valid! debt, the sheriff would turn the attached funds over to the creditor. Last June the United States Su- preme Court, in a Wisconsin case, ruled that this procedure was un- constitutional because it failed to give the debtor a chance to be heard in court before losing the use of his wages. The present case followed this high court rul- ing. San Francisco Neighborhood Le- gal Assistance Foundation At- torney Michael Zola stated, ‘‘No longer will creditors be permitted to coerce payment of disputed claims by the threat of wage at- tachment before judgment. Now a defendant can be heard in court without fear of losing his job be- cause his employer does not like to process garnishments."’ For further information Contact Micheal Zola, Esq- (626-3811) cause they were concerned withold friendships, individuals, rather than the masses of People in Up- town. They would rather be fri- ends with a few people and in- dulge in drinking than listen to the community’s cry for help. These old friends were holding the people’s party back, and they be- came more important than the mas- ses, The Young Patriot Organ- ization was guilty of extreme li- beralism - ‘‘For the sake of pea- ce and friendship, when things have clearly gone wrong.’’ A few programs were started by the Y.P.O, in Uptown Chicago. How- ever, the People were not being educated to the struggle, so they had the effect of being reformist programs, People all over the country were calling for the Patriots; the People in Richmond, Va. were calling for us; the peo- ple in Carbondale, Ill, were cal- ling for us, the people in Eu- gene, Oregon were calling for us; the people in Cleveland, Ohio were calling for us, and the peo- ple in New York, N.Y. were cal- ling for us, Yet the Y,P,O, would the organization, that is misleading and confusing the people. Uptown Chicago is the home of our peo- ple, and we will serve our peo- ple’s needs, The Patriot Party has become a National Party with over five branches already functioning, and others in training. We don’t re- late to ‘‘Serve the people," “*Power to the people ,"" only in words, we are putting these terms into practice, Our programs range from Free Breakfast for Children to the Free Lumber Programs (in Eugene, Oregon - for the peo- ple’s stoves in the mountain areas), The Patriot Party is working in oppressed communities. In New Haven, Conn,, the Pa- triot Party is now serving 30-40 children breakfast per day, and they’re moving on a medical cli- nic already, Its heightening the con- tradictions and making the peo- ple aware of the system’s faults. They're practicing Socialism. We recognize that this is the last thing the pigs want to see, and we know that we’re educating the white com- munity around the trial of our brother, Chairman Bobby Seale of the Black Panther Party. The pigs are uptight about that too, the white community coming out in support of Bobby Seale, Then they couldn’t use racism to separate the people. When we say white people coming to support the trial, we don't mean the usual crowd of hippies with helmets, they’re always there. We're talking about the community people - people nobody’s ever seen before being moved and beginning to scream til they release Bobby Seale, because they understand by class oppression how Bobby’s being framed, the same way they see Tom Dostou, our Field Marshal as their white brother being framed, They see Bobby Seale being framed as their black brother. So we know the pigs in New Haven are uptight, so we're going to make them more uptight, As Fred Hampton said, ‘‘come down from that mountain top into the valley with the people.”* What we're saying is that ‘‘movement’’ people better stop fooling around, because we ain’t fooling around. If they're serious about revolution, if they’re serious about change, well then come on down, You dig? The Chair- man of the Patriot Party calls what they're doing petty bourgeois arro- gance - all along, they've had all the education, they had all the schooling and put all that smoke in their brains. They made their pea brain grow into a watermelon you dig? And now that watermelon is confused because the people who never had the education, those who kept their pea brain, are now tea- ching them revolution, They can’t dig that. They can’t dig their own white niggers teaching them about Class Struggle. So, Brothers andSisters, we must get together, We have Chairman Bobby Seale facing a murder char- ge. Do people realize that? That he’s on trial for his life in New Haven, Conn.? But, he ain’t going to go, we'll tell you right now - you can quote the Patriot Party on that. If Chairman Bobby is not set free - that’s it] That's it as far as the Patriot Party is concerned, We say - ALL POWER TO THE PEO- PLE OR ELSE, Bobby Seale is going to be set free, or else. And that goes for any of our leadership- Panther Party or Patriot Party. We're not taking it any more, they’re not ripping off our leader- ship anymore. If any more of our leadership gets ripped off, there are going to be some political consequences, or physical aliena- tion of the Problem. ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE - OR ELSE ii PATRIOT PARTY NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 1742 Second Ave. New York SPIRO “lap dog” AGNEW VISITS BALTIMORE , MD. On January 30, 1970 ‘Lap Dog’ Agnew visited Baltimore, Maryland to talk about nothing. This is no- thing unusual for Agnew to do This fascist fool will talk about everything, but the real problem facing the poor toilers here in Babylon, While the masses of my people are suffering, hungry and constantly living in astate of mi- sery, this Lap Dog Agnew is sit- tingdown at a table with a $100 plate dinner infront of him. This Proves beyond a doubt that this Lap Dog does not have any re- spect whatsoever for the masses of oppressed people herein ameri- KKKa. Agnew is a cold-blooded racist . He endorsed the brutal killing of Orlando Jones that took place here in Baltimore in the early morning of January 16, 1970. He endorses the mass genocide thatis being committed against the cou- rageous Peoples Republic of Viet- nam; he endorses the overflow of narcotics that is being shipped into our community, and he also endorses the extermination of the Black Panther Party, simply be- cause the Black Panther Party is not afraid to expose this fascist nation for just what it really is-- a nation decaying, crumbling away, like soda-cracker when one squeezes it in the palm of his hand, Babylon is falling fast- the capitalist, imperialists, para- sites’ “values'’’ are no longer be- ing worshipped by Third World toilers. We see only the destruc- tion of his values, because his values represent only oppression in the highest form. Agnew should be placed in the hands of the toil- ers in order to cure him. This Lap Dog is sick, he’s got to be sick in the head or a fool. The brazeness of Agnew to come to Baltimore where there are thou- sands of oppressed people hungry with no.food and be omT V eat- ing a $100-a plate dinner, smil- ing. How long must this be al- lowed to continue’ Just how long is this system going to be allowed to continue” ...a system that sucks our blood, a system that eatsaway at r very life, a system of death. Agnew is a murderer, bru- talizer, a terrorist, and, above all, a practitioner of mass geno- cide, a liquidator of human life, not only here in Babylon but throughout the whole world. The cry for ‘‘revolution’ is being heard all over the world, because op- CON’T ON PAGE 17 On the l4th of November 1962 the Ethiopian government an- nounced the final incorporation of Eritrea into the Ethiopian Empire using for a pretext a resolution which it claimed had been passed by the Eritrean Legislative As- sembly. This Assembly had never represented the Eritrean people since it had been formed under the provisions of the unconstitutional British Declaration No. 121 and Emergency Law No, 1, 1955. Celebrating the occasion, the Emperor of Ethiopia declared: From now on there shall be only one nation, Ethiopia. The fed- eration, imposed by circumstances, is gone to no return, By annexing Eritrea to Ethiopia, the Emperor did not only defy the United Na- tions Federal Resolution but also violated every promise and under- taking he had made to safeguard the federation, The people of Eritrea strongly protest against the Ethiopian government’s ‘illegal measures which run against the wishes of the population, They urge the Gen- eral Assembly of the United Na- tions to act without delay in ac- cordance with the statements of the U.N. Commissioner to the ef- fect that, ‘If any of the provi- sions foreseen by the Resolution cannot be fulfilled, it will be for the General Assembly to consider the resultant situation’, They also urge prompt intervention on the basis of the views of the Pa- nel of U.N, Legal Consultants that “If the Federal Act were violated, the General Assembly could be seized of the matter’’. The people of Eritrea demand that the United Nations Organiza- tion grant them their legitimate right of self-determination through a U.N, supervised free plebiscite, They have long been denied the exercise of this legitimate right. The resort to violence by the peace-loving people of Eritrea came only after the failure of pea- , Ae An Ethiopian Blow To Eritrean Sovereignty. THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, The Eritreans Declare Revolution ceful means to safeguard their free- dom, The armed revolution which broke out early in September 1961 under the leadership of the Eritrean Liberation Front was the expres- sion of the indignation of a peo- ple whose rights had been so hor- ribly and flagrantly violated. In the six years that have passed since the Eritrean struggle has developed into a wide spread popular resis- tance movement that has reached every corner of the. land, from hit and run skirmishes, the fight has become a widescale liberation war embracing the entire terri- tory. Reports about the people's strug- gle and the Ethiopian atrocities and massacres have found their way outside Eritrea despite the iron curtain imposed round the country by the Ethiopian occupation author- ities. The Chief Editor of the Swe- dish Magazine, Kvallsposten, Mr. Lars Braw, described the situa- tion in Eritrea as a ‘‘bloody re- ality.’" He had seen 22 gallows in the public square of the city of Keren alone, An Italian journa- list, Mr. Franco Prattico, writing in the Italian daily,, Paese Sera, Spoke of the massacres perpetra- ted by the Ethiopians against the Eritrean people: “‘Our trip had practically ended the previous day amongst the ruins of recently burnt Eritrean villages, Here and there fires continued to rage, Unfortunately the sight has become all but familiar; the sup- Ports of burnt down houses, huge carbonized circles -- the hot re- mains of what once served as fen- ces -- burnt furniture in a sea of ashes, and a twisted sewing ma- chine, The man who had served this land is now a fugitive in his very land}. The plain itself, once of many a colourful hue, stands now naked and desolate extending to a de- pressing horizon. In the village of Ad Sharbot, the Ethiopians, having set fire to the village, opened fire on . cattle and men alike, Those of the inhabitants who had manag- REVOLUTION ERUPTS (Reprinted from SPARK, January, 1970, VOL. I) Spikakulam, (Free India)- That heroic bastion of revolution int the early forties, has once again be- come the center of a widening rip- ple of peoples revolution in India, More than 100 small guerrilla detachments are now operating in the Srikakulam mountains in Andra Pradesh. Peoples: court, comprised of landless peasants, have executed 25 landlords, and distributed lands of 23. Likewise, an armed peasants struggle extends along a ‘front’ of 100 miles in a jungle area of Midnapore district in South-west Bengal. Here also guerrillas dealt revo- jernvoucsracaeevaeaasgoaetsesocanvennucaeuasssucvoevnpoaneanassoraeusseeveaueacaeznseueensegaseeennananseo inte ain IN INDIA lutionary justice before peoples court and executed 12 big land- lords and big businessmen in the region, Bihar, Orissa, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Mysore, Madras, Kera- la--a similar revolutionary fervor has gripped the peoples. “The presence of 3500 armed special police force (in Srikaku- lam) has achieved nothing,’’ cries the monopolist mouthpiece, the Statesman of Calcutta. “‘We must act now...’’ cries a frightened Indira Gandhi, the monopolists’ spokeswoman. Peasants know: it’s the bullet that matters now! ed to flee their homes could see from a neighbouring hilltop the flame eating into their houses and possessions, and hear the painful cries of those of their relations besieged by the raging fires. Thou- sands and thousands of old men, children and women crossed the most difficult and dangerous of ter- rains in order to find refuge in the Sudan from Ethiopia’s vindic- tive reprisal raids, How I wish the world would consider how costly this forceful eviction has e = been to these poor people. And assuming that they find refuge, one can imagine what kind of life awaits them deprived of land, live- stock, work and above all, of the fathers, brothers and husbands who once supported them but now lay under the ashes of what once ser- ved as shelter and home.,”’ The ‘flight of the refugees was also. reported by the British Broadcasting Corporation which, on the morning of March the 8th, 1967, had this to announce: ‘*The Sudanese Minister of In- terior has announced that 20,000 Eritrean refugees have crossed into the eastern Sudanese province of Kassala where they have been of- fered all assistance possible, Their flight, the Minister declared, was the result of fierce fighting in areas close to the Sudanese bor- ders between the Ethiopian army and Eritrean Liberation forces,”’ The plight of the Eritrean people under Ethiopian domination was best expressed by Sheikh Karrar Saleh, a leading Eritrean refugee, who, speaking before the Sudanese Minister of Interior had this to Say: “The Eritreans have undergone Italian domination, the war, and British rule, but never have they suffered the hardships they en- dure under Ethiopian rule today, They are deprived not only of se= curity and work opportunities but also of their very means of living. Things moved to worse whencam- paigns against individuals turned into collective persecution which affected the Eritreans in their FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 13 Possessions and livestock, They have come to witness their women raped, and their. sons murdered, ‘They have on occasions been de- nied permission even to bury their dead, Ethiopia today uses air- craft and artillery in its genocide campaign against the Eritreans whose villages and farms are of- ten burnt to the ground, Looting is wide-spread and stories of jew- elry pulled off women’s ears and noses are all too familiar, Many an Eritrea woman has gone hysteri- ¥ cal on witnessing the, murders of her child before her very eyes. THE WASHINGTON POST, in its issue of April 30th, had this to report: “Ethiopian air force assult planes were dispatched to raze vil- lages in Eritrea’s western lowlands and the Ethiopian Second Division began a systematic pacification campaign in the areas, The local CON’T ON PAGE 17 END POLICE KILLINGS OF BLACK PANTHER LEADERS The Communist Party of Cana- da in company with all democratic Canadians is deeply shocked and angered by the brutal campaign of physical extermination against the leaders and members of the Black Panther Party unleashed by the Administration of President Nixon, The murderous violence being perpetrated against this Black mili- tantorganization which fights for the rights of the Black people in the United States is of the same geno- cidal pattern as the Mai Lai mas- sacres carried through by U.S, armed forces in Vietnam, The December 4, 1969 murders in Chicago of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark brought the total police killings of leaders and members Z of the Black Panther organization since January of 1968 to 28. It is reported that in the past six months alone 40 leaders and 125 members of the Black Panther Party -havei.beens arrested... Many have been charged, simply on the word of police informers, with major crimes including murder. Bobby Seale, national chairman, has been sentenced to four years in prison on the relatively minor charge of contempt of court. This outrageous wave of murders and arrests have been set in mo- tion by the same reactionary, ra- cist, exploiting monopoly interests whose policies are responsible for the U.S, aggression against the Vietnamese people, that lurk behind the political murders of President Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Mal- com X, Medger Evers, Robert Kennedy and United Mine Workers’ leader Joseph Yablonski, his wife and daughter. The Communist Party condemns these illegal police killings, brutal persecution and wholesale arrests of Black Panther leaders andmem- bers as a most outrageous expres- sion of genocidal policies spawned by big monied interests in the U- nited States against the Black peo- ple of that country, We Canadian Communists wish to express our solidarity with the just struggles of the Black people of the United States who, more than a century after the liberation from chattel slavery, are forced to struggle militantly in that land of boasted affluence against inhu- man conditions arising out of wide- spread unemployment, slum hou- sing, poverty, hunger and sickness. We urge all democratic Cana- dians, political parties, trade u- nions, farm organizations, all popu- lar organizations of the people and all public spirited personalities to speak out now against these po- lice crimes against Black ameri- KKKans by the U.S. Justice De- partment, FBI and the police of CON’T ON PAGE 17 THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 14 STATEMENT BY MINISTER Mme NGUYEN THI BINH, CHIEF OF THE DELEGATION OF THE PROVISIONAL REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH VIET NAM AT THE 46th PLENARY SESSION OF THE PARIS CONFERENCE ON VIETNAM In the face of the mounting anger of public opinion which denounces the mass.murder of civilians inSon My village as well as the crimes perpetrated by the U.S, throughout South Viet Nam, the Nixon adminis- tration seeks every means to deny and evade its responsibility. Athis press conference on December 8, Mr. Nixon called the Son My mas- sacre an “‘isolated incident’’ ‘ta cruelty of a few individuals’’. He eulogized the ameriKKKan G.I,s’ “fover whelming record as one of generosity and decency to the South Vietnamese civilians’’! At this conference, the U.S, delegate for his part said that the Son My case was but ‘‘a violation of the U.S, mi- litary policy’’. All these allegations are false from end to end and have been re- futed by actual facts in South Viet Nam, At the previous sessions, our Delegation has shown that over the last years the ameriKKKan, sa- tellite and puppet troops have com- mitted in South Viet Nam not afew but thousands of mass slaughters like the one inSon My. We have also pointed out that the Son My atrocity was not an ‘‘isolated incident ;’ but the materialization of the U,S, ag- gressive policy. Everybody is aware that over these 15 years, the U.S. has carried out the most brutal policy of colo- nialist aggression, It has been us- ing huge military forces together with a more and more fascist pup- pet administration to oppose a whole nation that only wants to live in independence and freedom, Such a policy implies that the U,S, aggressors regard all Vietnamese who do not surrender as their enemy, as the object of their repre- sion, persecution and killing . The population of South Vietnam amounts to 14 million people and the U.S, has had to send against it nearly one million and 1/2 ameri- KKKan satellite and puppet troops! In certain places such as in some villages surrounding Da Nang, the effectives of the aggressor troops even out number the local inha- bitants. In an attempt to subdue the South Viet Nam people, the U,S, has been implementing the most savage po- licy of extermination, It is a policy of ‘burning all, destroying all, kil- ling all,” It has resortedto all kinds of strategies and tactics, each of them aiming at devastating the country and killing people en masse, In its ‘“special war", the U.S. has put forward its ‘‘pacifica- tion’ strategy (18-month pacifica- tion’’ programme, then ‘localized was’” in South Viet Nam, the U.S, implemented the ‘‘two-prongs”’ st- rategy: ‘‘search and destroy"' and ‘pacification.’ Since late 1968, particularly since Pres. Nixon’s inauguration, the U.S, has triedits best to realize the ‘hold and sweep strategy, frantically stepping up the ‘accelerated pacification pro- gramme”, and ‘‘exerting maxi- mum military pressure’’! All those strategies, though different in names, essentially aim at ‘‘exter- minating”’ all Vietnamese who will not surrender to the violence of the U.S, - puppets, and aim at ‘‘paci- address; Please acknowledge receipt of this material to the following Mrs, Pham Thanh Van 49 Avenue Cambacere, 91 Verriere le Buisson FRANCE fying’’ South Viet Nam through blood and fire, As early as in April 1967, a **special adviser’’ of the Pentagon, John McNaughton disclosed that **from now onward the U.S. stra- tegy is clear, To exterminate the Viet Cong, one must burn villages, defoliate forests and macadamize all this country, That is why, the U.S, has re- sorted to many war means of ex- termination and deadly weapons to kill people en masse, Ordinary planes, supersonic jets, B-S2 air- craft, alltypesof war Ships, range cannons, toxic chemical, na- palm, phosphorous, gas bombs.... have been used, All these deadly means have been utilized continu- ally and indiscriminately by the U.S,, such as B-52's carpet-bom- bings over densely populated a- reas,or the use of fighter-bombers to strafe and bomb urban centres. They cynically delimit and regard vast areas of South Viet Nam as “freebombing zones’, here the ameriKKKan G,I,s have been or- dered , “*If it moves kill it, if it doesn’t, burn it{’’ Is this the U.S. servicemens’ ‘‘generosity and de cency towards the South Vietna- mese civilians,’’ as stated by Mr. Nixon? The Nixon administration can never justify its brutal war of ag- gression in South Viet Nam, a war condemned by the whole of man- kind, It is that very policy which led to the Son My atrocity and a series of other mass slaughters that took place and are taking place all over South Viet Nam. The Japanese newspaper ‘*Asa- hi*‘ asserted that the Son My mas- sacre “‘occurred as a logical con- sequence of the nature to the Viet Nam war and the strategy taken by the U.S, forces in Viet Nam. The tragedy comes from the U.S, ‘‘se- arch and destroy”’ strategy...Inthe eyes of ameriKKKan troops, all places and Vietnamese look hos- tile AmerikKKKan writer Lewis Mum - ford wrote: ‘‘The intervention of the U.S, in Viet Nam is entirely without justification in either law, politics or morals and the progres— sive brutality of ameriKKKan met- hods there has placed the U.S, gov- ernment in the infamous category of aggressors and exterminators. The crimes already commited by ameriKKKan forces under orders, from indiscriminate napalm bom- bing to crop poisoning anddefoli- ation, equal the worst atrocities committed by Hitler=*" The above-mentioned U.S, brutal policy was applied by Mr. Johnson and is now carried on by the Nixon adninistration, Noteworthy is the fact that under the Nixon adminis- tration, because of the intensifica- tion of ground and aerial fire, the U.S, aggressors have committed more numerous and extremely barbarous crimes among which Ba Lang An, Thai Hiep, Kong H’Rinh are only typical cases, Recently, on November 12, 1969 the U,S,, Pak Jung Hi and puppet troops perpetrated another mass murder in Kinh Duong Villiage, Thang Binh districts, Quang Nam province, killing 124 villagers a- mong whom women, children anda- ged people. They completley razed that village together with 8 other ones in the two districts of Thang Binh district, Quang Nam province Binh anx Duy Xuyen, killing and kidnapping thousands of civilians. Also in November 1969, the U.S, and its puppets left 175 persons (out of those civilians forcibly her- ded into Go Su‘‘strategic hamlet ,’” Nghia Dung village, Quang Ngai province) to die from starvation and cholera, On November 5, 1969 they intensively pounded the Chau Thuan concentration zone of the Population (Binh Chau village, Quang Ngai province), the area where those who had survived the ba Lang An mass slaughter, were gathered, killing 45 persons and wounding many others. It is clear that the U,S, aggres- Sive policy is the origin of multi- plied crimes in South Viet Nam. For over 10 months now, the Nix- on administration obdurately car- ries on that policy: Consequently, the said administration is now the one fully responsible for those cri- mes. In order to prolong its criminal war of aggression, the Nixon ad- ministration is striving to step up its programme of ‘‘Vietnamization‘’ of the war. It is the policy of ‘*mak- ing the Vietnamese fight the Vietna- mese,”’ “replacing ameriKKKan blood by Vietnamese blood’’ soasto achieve the U,S, design of neocolo- nialist aggression, It is tynomeans “*the way to search peace’’ as cla- moured by Mr. Nixon, Mr. Melvin Laird himself openly said that the ‘'Vietnamization of the war"’ is the way leading to a mili- tary victory. He further did notrule out the possibility of a new escala- tion of the war in casethe program of ‘Vietnamization of the war’’ failed, Mr. Laird overtly stated that this programme is proof of the U.S, keeping its ‘‘commitments’’ to the Thieu Ky Khiem administration and that the U,S, ‘‘will not be driven a- way from this country!" Thieu Ky Khiem are utterly cruel and perfidious traitors. They have been serving one aggressor after a- nother and worship Hitler as their master, Under the Nixon adminis- tration, the Thieu Ky Khiem admin- istration has become fascist to a hig- her degree, It strives tohelpthe U.S, perpetrate innumerable crimes a- gainst the population, In the course of the so-called ‘‘phoenix’’ cam- paign, it arrested, tortured and kill- ed hundreds of thousands of people, It enforces an extremely harsh po- lice regime to repress the popula- tion in urban centres andin the rural areas still under its temporary con- trol, That administration strenghten and widens its penitentiary system and concentration camps to torture, kill, arrest and deport people, ande- ven jail tens of thousands of women and children. In the Bien Hoa camp a- lone, more than 1,500 children are detained and regarded as ‘‘ Viet Cong prisoners’’ (AFP December 12) Along with these criminal acts, the Thieu Ky Khiem administration tries its best to pressgang young men and wrest property from the population ee eee U.S, TACTICS IN VIETNAM So as to serve the U,S, policy of ag- gression. So, it is not casual that the Thieu Ky Khiem administration, in the face of irrefutable evidence, seeks every means to deny the slaughter of the Son My villagers by the ameriKKKan G.1,s The said administration is lin- ked to the criminal policy of the U.S, Many persons in the U.S, andSai- gon political circles have laid bare the traitorous nature and complete illegality of the Thieu Ky Khiem ad- ministration, The South Viet Nam people demand the over throw of it. Yet, while doing his best tomain- tain such a corrupt puppet adminis- tration, Mr. Nixon said at his Dec- ember 8 press conference that the U.S, objective in Viet Nam is to keep the Vietnamese people from having 4 government against their will!*? What an impudent deceitful al- legation! The ‘‘New York Times book Re- view’’ in its December 4, 1969issue quoted an article of ‘‘I.F. Stone’’ which wrote; “*Vietnamization’” means handing over the future of South Viet Nam not to its people but to a discredi- ted military junta, one that jails or brushes aside those very elements that are ready to negotiate with the N,L.F. It is not a new policy, a thoughtful reaction to ameriKKKa’s military and political defeat, but an effort to retreat to earlier policies, though these have already proved a failure’’ The Nixon administration endea- vours to create an atmosphere of artificial optimism, exaggerate the effects of the ‘*Vietnamization’’ of the war, But in fact, it is but an illusion, The policy of ‘‘Vietnami- zation"’ of the war that originates from U.S. previous repeated set- backs, can never save the U.S, from failure, The South Viet Nam people, with their traditional indomitable spirits their boundless patriotism and pro- found hatred for the multiplied cri- mes perpetrated by the aggressors and the traitors, are more andmore resolved to unite and struggle inor- der to wrest back their independence and freedom, defend their homeland and their lives. The more the U,S, and its valets commit crimes, the hardér the blows dealt onto them, and the bigger the failure they pre- pare for themselves. The people of South Viet Nam and their armed forces have repeatedly recorded big victories on the battlefield, as well as on the other fronts, The U.S., puppet and satellite troops have suffered heavy losses. From October 20 to November 9 only, on the Bu Prang-Duc Lap operation theatre alone, more than 3,500 U.S, and puppet troops were put out of action, including 3 badly mauled puppet regiments, In the Mekong Delta area and urban zone, nearly 15,000 enemy troops were put out of action. The military and politi- cal situation in South Viet Nam proves that the way of ‘‘Vietna- mization’’ of the war is the very way leading the U.S. aggressors to complete defeat. If the U.S. government really wants to get out of its quagmire in South Viet Nam, it must put an end immediately to its aggressive war and its criminal acts in South Viet Nam, The logical, reasonable and rea- listic 10-point overall solution of the N.F.L, and the P.R.G, of the R,S.V.N. is the correct basis to settle the South Viet Nam problem | The U.S. government should res- pond- seriously to that solution. It must withdraw rapidly and totally CON’T ON PG. 17 ‘vs yvosonvoovonovnnneicanenvannvaeezicagnnvenvaccsnecacaaseeutaeuasanoeeneagecancaataguosseaceeggenecasveueaanvatarnaneesvceeoetnponenernepenssisenneits APARTHEID AND AFRICAN During the reading of the 1964 Bantu Laws Amendment Act, a Na- tionalist Party member of the House of Assembly, Mr. Grey- ling, stated that‘‘there is no such thing as ‘the rights of a Bantu in the White area. The only rights he has are those which he ac- quires by performing certian du- ties. Those duties which he per- forms give him the right of so- RIGHTS jourt’ here, The officials in \the labour bureaux, in considering whether _ they are going to allow a Bantu to remain here, will have to give priority to the considera- tion of whether that Bantuhas car- ried out his duties as a worker, and not whether he has a sup- posed right which has been -in- vented for him by members of the United Party."’ seve sete eensererevecaeeaeeneueenaseoneseeooneueaeoaseeanueescageeaecesaccaeaeanecocagoenenaaenec enue ceecunseancnnenaneant THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 15 mumncsesticernmernnennvnenmsnenonaeesroianannineevvetaaesaccvee tenement ecco tten tec ee ct ee cceaeaeee eee uae acest creer The court-martial of sixty-four members of the 24th Infantry, November 1, 1917, before an all-White mili- tary tribunal on charges of mutiny and murder, The trial was held in Gift Chapel, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. : WAR CRIMES: FRANKFURT STOCKADE By Mark Lane, ameriKKKan law- yer The five guards held the ameri- KKKan prisoner against the wall of the cell. His hands were hand- euffed behind his back, His ankles were chained together. For more than twenty minutes they kicked him’ and beat him* about the head, face and body. Then one of the guards began to stomp on him Where did it take place? Not in Hanoi, Mr. Lodge. The Black GI, Private Paul V, Johnson, was clobbered in the Frankfurt stock- ade. Pyt. Jerry W. Miller, a Bat- tery, 2nd Battalion, 3rd Artillery was one of the eye witnesses, What happened to Paul Johnson? He was sent to the 97th General Hospital the next morning, where it was discovered that he was suf- fering from ‘“‘permanent brain da- mage’’. Johnson was then sent back to the states for a long confine- ment at the Walter Reed Hospi- tal. Why did the army notact against the lifers who beat the defenseless GI? A major at the hospital ex- plained, ‘‘Well, we just never had any evidence,’’ Major, here is some evidence that the army could have uncovered had it looked around, Johsnon’s lawyer, Mi- chael Young, told me the story. That day I drove out to Kirsch Goren and interviewed Jerry Mil- ler: LANE; What is your name? MILLER: Jerry Wayne Miller. LANE: What's your rank? MILLER: E 2, LANE How long have you been in the army? MILLER: Eighteen months. LANE: Where are you from? MILLER: pi. Leakesville, Mississip- LANE: Was there a time when you were in the Frankfurt stockade? MILLER; Right, LANE: Would you relate what you saw take place there regarding Paul Johnson? MILLER: I was in the box there one time and I saw them haul Johnson down to the box.‘ They had his hands handcuffed behind his back and his feet were cuffed together also, and Sgt. Westmore- land, Sp./4 Johnson and three other guys were bringing him down and they were kicking him.pretty bad and then later they stomped him, you know, on the chest. They had been hitting him and kicking him in the head and on the body. They just kicked him and hit him every- where, Then they threw him in the cell and Sp./4 Johnson said that he was going to break him arm, The next morning when I woke up they said that they took him to the hospital. LANE: Did you see him later? MILLER: I never did see him a- gain. LANE: How long did the beating take place fn your presence? MILLER; It seemed like about 20 or 25 minutes LANE; Do you know why they were beating Johnson? MILLER: No, I don’t, LANE: What was the food like in the hole in the stockade in Frankfurt? MILLER: For ‘breakfast , a bowl of water and some bread. For lunch, water, bread and a small amount of potatoes. Dinner was the same as lunch. LANE: How long were you in the hole there? MILLER: Fourteen days. LANE: Is the food the same all the time? MILLER: Except once, when the one-star general came around. That day we had better food, They was fooling the general about what kind of food we got. LANE; Jerry, if this case came up in court would you be will- ing to testify, to state under oath that Westmoreland and the others beat and kicked Johnson while he was defenseless MILLER: Right, I would. There is your evidence, major, What will the army do now? One man was beaten so that he suf- fered permanent brain damage, the others were starved, the general was fooled, and the army doctors were less than curious. In spite of the weeping by Nixon, Agnew, Lodge, and Laird about the treatment of captured ameri- KKKan Gls and pilots in Viet Nam, can we take them seriously when the United States army brutalizes and starves its own in Germany and in the United States, svuusaocseoeazvengeosegaeneueeszvaecgroecuuecaveancuoearacgaaeevaeccceazvaneeeeemenneerasseneen eS Es s ecaocvaevvvneruconcuenvecenteceecvaecagsanssevsseocssenasnacasnvustevevensesnnnuevaiaerovanueceeguaeeancners eter CHARGES DROPPED AGAINST ARMY NEWSCASTER Attorney Leonard Boudin, domes- tic counsel for Army newscaster Sp/S Robert Lawrence, received word from Saigon Army Command yesterday that all charges against Sp/5 Lawrence shave been with- drawn. The telegram read; Please be advised that this command has withdrawn court martial char- ges against Sp/S Lawrence, Any further action, if any, would have to be taken by his new command.” Signed: United States Army Head- quarters, Area Command, Saigon, RVN (USAHAC, SGN RYN). It is possible, but unlikely, thar his new command will proceed with charges against Lawrence, whotold his audience of soldiers on Jan- uary 3 that the news they were receiving was censored and that he hoped they would help do some- thing about it. The charges he was facing stemmed from an incident prior to his broadcast over Armed Forces Vietnam Network (AFVN). Shortly after his broadcast he was relieved of his duty as news- caster and reassigned as a Chap- lain’s assistant. On January 20 he was transferred to Kontum Pro- vince, retaining the same assign- ment. Capt. Richard Kinaer, Lawrence’s military counsel, pro- tested the transfer along with at- torney Boudin and the Gl CLDC and NECLC, Both the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee and the GI Civil Liberties Defense Com- mittee consider the Army’s move as a response to the widespread support for Lawrence's action and as such a victory for him, for the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights, and for the two Com- mittees, who provided counsel Boudin for Lawrence, VICTIM OF U.S. IMPERIALIST INTERVENTION ‘OVER-KILL' US. TACTICS IN VIETNAM THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 CON’T FROM PAGE 2 YS Z HUEY P, NEWTON, MINISTER OF DEFENSE BLACK PANTHER PARTY Many would-be Black capitalists do not understand the relationship of the Black bourgeoisie to the military - industrial complex con- trolling this nation’s economy. Most of the Black bourgeoisie class is q made up of people who are in professions such as education, Social service and the like. They are also controlled subjects of the mili- tary-industrial complex and have to follow the orders of the rulers. © There is still a close relationship and sense of identity between the Black masses and this bourgeois class because of the element of racism in this country, Racism goes hand in hand with capitalism. I t is in the interests of the Black middle class to enhance their posi- tion by eliminating racism, but racism cannot be eliminated unless capitalism is eliminated, Racism is profitable for the promotion of capitalism historically and presently, For a short time when Europ met Africa there was mutual respect and mutual trade. It was not until the capitalists found it economically advantageous to sever the relationship and subject the Blacks to a slave position that he did so. And he did so because he needed a work force, It was then that he came to his belief that Blacks were inferior, did not have souls, and were therefore less than human. The Black Panther Party feels that this government and the in- stitutions necessary to make the government function are illegiti- mate because they are not relating to the people. Therefore, they have no right to exist. In the interest of the people new institutions should be established and the old ones fade and crumble. With the technology that exists in ameriKKKa there is no excuse in these modern times for people to be without food or other basic necessities of life. There is no excuse for the psychological conditioning man needs to labor in the paths of day to day livng, the positive reinforcement of the values and reason for existence, In ameriKKKa the true basis of creativity is suppressed. The value of man, the purpose of man-- returning to our basic premise -- is to have freedom and the power to create, to engage in productive creativity. this is the freedom we are talking about, the freedom which we think makes life worth livng. Black people have been oppressed so long until we have forgot- PAGE 16 — THE GENIUS OF HUEY P. NEWTON HUEV P. NEWTON BIRTHDAY GENEFIT NEW YORK CITY ROCKLAND PALACE 155 & 8TH AVENUE 12:00 P.M. FEB. 14, 1970 NEW HAVEN CONN. LEIGH HIGH SCHOOL 8:00 P.M. - FEB. 13TH ten how to make a decision, We suffer from what psychologists call a fixation. We have done the same thing over and over again, and in a pathological way, Even if no gratification whatsoever results from the activity we go along with the old outmoded values, values which are in strict contradiction to our very existance simply because we have been programmed, indoctrinated, and totally stripped of our dignity. But now Blacks are demanding change. Historically capitalism was a necessity before technology was developed to the point it is now. There was only a very small amount of wealth and therfore only a small amount of people could enjoy this wealth. People had to go without. But there is no excuse for oppression and expolitation to- day because no one has to go without, Technology has developed in such a way that every person should have an abundance of the things he neéds. It is no longer necessary for him to toil his whole life without even being able to meet his basic needs, There is no excuse for him not to be totally free. The only reason all human beings do not have food, shelter and medical care today is that the adminis- trators are only interested in their profit, This is the nature of the military~industrial complex, The Panther community programs are attempting to spur the community into action -- creative action -- to make decisions and regain the dignity of the people, We join the struggle of any people, all oppressed people all over the werld and in this country no matter what color they are to gain these same rights. These are rights of man and not of any particular group, So the Panthers are in some ways like the psychotherapist in that we are trying to make the people whole again. The people have been made ill by those forces which have con- SEATTLE CLUB ELEGANT PIKE & 12TH STREET FEB. 17TH 9 A.M.UNTIL trolled them in their position of servitude. The first thing we had to PHIL. do is educate the people and make them realize that there are forces CHURCH OF controlling them -- forces that appear to be beyond their reach, The f “i ako eae THE ADVOCATE external forces have become translated into internal forces through the indoctrination of the ruling class. Thus we have internalized cer- tain behavior patterns which we feel are instinctual or a basic part of man, but they are not. Freud developed psychotherapy because he found man was suf- fering from coercion andcontrolled by subconscious forces. Therapy was basically a way of unveiling these forces as a first step of re- gaining control himself, The Panther educational program in the com- 18T H& DIAMOND 2:00 P.M. TO 8: P.M. FEB. 15, 1970 munity tries to unyeil these: forces and expose them, On the socio- DETROIT logical level we agree: Stat burside forces control man’s = behavior patterns, until he can seize con- SHRINE OF THE BLACK MADONNA ‘(7625 LINWOOD AVE. FEB. 15 4:00 PM8:00 PM So we hay@ss tions and # dual nat complex interac- Because of the tions and man’s gram on our hu- to experience killed all over mpting to point of what we are in the face of the Willing to be slaves. sinch of the way to re- ork. And that’ss@bag. She found man was suf- ubeonscious forces, Therapy fs as a first step of re- hal program in the com- them, On.the socio- :forces control man’s he can seize con-| BERKELEY BERKELEY OMMUNITY THEATE GROVE & ALLSTON WAY FEB. 15 7:00PM 12:00 PM nain in contro) Freud deve fering from coer was basically a gaining control h: munity tries to logical level we behavior patte trol of themani So we & tions’ and dual natur! existence manistic We include'the thi uniqueness as a person, The Panthers are being harassed, persecuted and killed all over} the country because we know the truth and are attempting to point it out to the people. Once the people grasp the reality of what we are} saying, the ruling class will not be able to last in the face of the unity of all oppressed people. They are nolonger willing to be slaves, The ruling class, of course, is fighting every inch of the waay to re of tne i. work, And that's a bag. We Other Rallies to be held in Denver, Chicago, Indianapolis, Kansas City and Portland, Oregon. Times & places to be announced. THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 17 THREE KINDS OF JUSTICE On Wednesday, January 14th, a new indictment was handed down in the Melville, Alpert, Huey. conspiracy case by the Grand Jury in New York- This indictment was to supercede (replace) the previous indictment. By way of background, it should be stated that this case involves four white people who have been accused of allegedly conspiring to and actual- ly committing several acts of sa- botage and using bombs, The al- leged acts were committed or plan- ned to be committed at various government and large corporate buildings. If the circumstances of this case seem familiar to you, it is because 21 Panthers in New York were indicted on very simi- lar charges and all but one of those arrested have been incar- cerated since April 2, However, there are some very important differences in the dis- position of the two cases; some of which should be brought forth for examination First let us deal with the ques- tion of bail. Eventhough the charge for the defendants in both cases is the same and similiar argu- ments have been used at the bail hearings in both cases, we see that the attitude of the racist pig po- wer structure is definitely differ- ent in dealing with the two cases. When bail was set for the White people at $100.00, pig judge Frankel declared that the bail was ridi- culously high and ‘‘in fact was the same as no bail at all.’’ Even the defendant Melville, who was allegedly apprehended with a bomb in his possession at the scene of the crime, was shown special consideration when his bail was set at only $100,000. All the defendants were assured that the bail would be set within the li- mits that they could produce. As a result, Alpert and Huey were bailed out almost immediately, and Melville after only two months, All this only illuminates, what black people have experienced for hundreds of years. The pig power structure of Babylon is totally and positively a racist power struc- ture. Not only does it exploit and suppress Black people, as it does all other people, but it also re- presses us, When 21 Black people, who are members of the Black Panther Party were arrested on April2, 1969, on charges totally trumped up (blow up the botanical gardens and department stores filled with other Black people) with absolute- ly no evidence except the word of the lying pig agent, bail was set at $100,000 dollars for all. For nearly ten months, these Panthers CON’T FROM PAGE | 14 Statement by Minister Mme Nguyen Thi Binh its own troops together with those all solution, the P,R.G, of R.S.V.N. of the other foreign countries in the ameriKKKan camp, without pos- is ready to discuss and reach to- gether with the other parties the a- have been in constant bail reduc- tion court proceedings and only one is out of jail. Many of them have no previous records, but all of them have been outstanding organi- zers in their communities for years, This shows clearly that in ra- cist pig Babylon, there truly are three kinds of justice: One is for the rich,such as the demogagic lying politician in New Jersey, Mayor Hugh Addonizio, who, al- though indicted for the grave breach of the power vested in him by the people, has still not been arrested and is continuing to function as Mayor of Newark which is 90% Black. Another type of jus- tice is for » White people who are fighting against the blatant exploitation perpetrated by the capitalist blood suckers here and all over the world. And the third type for Black, Brown, Yellow and Red people in general, and particularly, their liberation fighters. Because of this, Black people must be strongly united in our struggle against the racist pig capitalist powers of Babylon. WE WILL FREE THE PANTHER 21 AND ALL POLITICAL PRISON- ERS BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY SEIZE THE TIME Thieu Ky Khiem puppets, the U.S, ad- ministration is humiliating the U.S. and causing great losses to the a- ing any conditions whatsover, give greements with a view to ending the meriKKKan people, It persistently up the Thieu Ky Khiem administra- tion and let the South Viet Nam people settle themselves their in- war and restoring peace in South Viet Nam, The position of the P,R.G, of the ternal affairs without foreign in- terference. If the U,S, declares the total and unconditional withdrawal from South Viet Nam of its troops as well as those of the other for- @ign countries in the ameriKKKan R.S.V.N, in settling the South Viet Nam problem is quite correct. The attitude of our Delegation at this con- ference table is always serious, lo- gical and reasonable, No slander, no destortion by the Nixon administra- camp within a 6-month period, then the parties will discuss the timetable withdrawal of the troops of the U.S, tion can blur this fact, The South Viet Nat people niet- and of the other foriegn countries in her want the U,S, to surrender nor the ameriKKKancamp, as wellasthe to humiliate it. By obstinately pro- question of ensuring safety for such longing the war, perpetrating abo- troop withdrawals, minable crimes against the South Viet On the basis of the 10-point over- Nam people, refusing to give up the CON’T FROM PAGE 4 Interview With David Hilliard HILLIARD: The Grand Jury is a euphemism for the fascist U.S. government. It’s just a sophisti- cated means they use to insure criminal indictments against a po- litical organization. I’m glad to see some of these pigs being paid in their own coin, but by the same token I take a long distance view of those indictments also because I smell something phony. I think that is just a prepara- tion to come down more heavy on the Panthers and then justify it by saying the government is administering ‘‘equal’’ justice even to the pigs, INTERVIEWER: What about de- yelopments inthe White movement; the increased resistance of GI's militancy and young workers? HILLIARD: I definitely respect GI's and anybody working with the GI's because GI's are in a very strategic location, in terms of mo- bolizing and putting into effect a really revolutionary force, They already have the kind of experience necessary to do a whole lot of things and especially the kind of things we’re talking about. l also think it necessary toteach the GI's through some other means of political education other than our newspapers--to try to set up some of the organizations from the White community in the structure of the U.S. Army. As for factory workers--the ma- jority of the White community fit in that category. They are workers because historically they’ ve played that role. I think there’s been somewhat of a misconception when we talk about the working class and not really include Black peo- ple, Black people were brought here from Africa for the purpose of industrializing this country. Industrialization and technology has put Black people in a back row position in terms of factory employment and any other kind of employment. The workers, the factories, the ILWU, the UAW, all of these are trade unions that are supposed to be a legitimate voice for the work- ing class, but in reality are ano- ther segment of the superstruc- ture. But when we talk about the factory employees and the working class, we’re talking about the real- ly poor people, the people that make the revolution, INTERVIEWER: What kind of mes- Sage can you relay to people about Huey, Bobby, Eldridge, and Kath- leen? HILLIARD: In the last message I got from Huey he was very con- cerned about allegations that the Party was anti-semetic and Huey's taking time out to spell out our Position dealing with the Arab Is- nurtures the illusion of finding a so- lution to the South Viet Nam prob- lem through armed forces and from a position of strength, and so ham- pers the progress of the Paris Con- ference on Viet Nam. The U,S, ad- ministration has repeatedly resor- ted to all manoeuvres and acts soas to downgrade this conference and sa- botage it. Mr. Nixon's press confe- ference on December 8 exposes more clearly this wicked design of the U.S, The Nixon administration must be heid fully responsible for all the con- sequences arising from its aggres- sive policy and obdurate position. raeli conflict, so people can get a more in-depth understanding on what our position is. Besides that he is very agile, he’s on top of everything. He’s also putting between covers the idea and phi- losophy of the Black Panther Party. As far as Bobby is concerned he’s trying to do a lot of writing, We have alot of things to talk about. Our editor, Big Man is coming back from visiting Eldridge and he should have tons of informa- tion for movement people. INTERVIEWER; What about the fu- ture? HILLIARD: I'm waiting to go to trial on the misdemeanor case that ensued from them kicking in Bobby’s door two years ago in Berkeley. They’re recharging me for gun possession. I’m awaiting “the appeal on a conviction I got in the same case where 1 was convicted for the possession of a loaded weapon, I’m in the federal courts the end of this month re- sulting from the alleged threaten- ing of President Nixon’s life. We have a pretty consistent schedule packing these fascist courts all throughout the month of February. I definitely forsee the month of February as a month of action, ef people in the streets. The re- pression will definitely escalate before the year is out. I think a lot of things are going to manifest itself in a revolutonary manner both in the Black, White, and Brown communities because we don't have any other outlet. I think this is truly going to be the year of armed struggle in this country, INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST Dear Comrades, On behalf of the International Socialists, I wish to express our complete solidarity with your or- ganization as it courageously fights back against the brutal, armed re- pression of the U.S, ruling class and its state machine. Your struggle to build a revolu- tionary movement uniting Black and White workers to overthrow. amerikKKan capitalism has beena source of great inspiration to us. We are planning a meeting in Lon- “ don with other socialists and Black people’s organizations is solidari- - ty with you. Please let us know of any ways in which we can be of im- mediate assistance, For example, we would be prepared to launch a fund-rasing campaign in Britain to help pay for the defense of Panthers standing trial. The. violence and brutality of oe serge and imperialism can only be ended by the overthrow of the system throughout the world and its replacement by international working class co- operation and planning. We are all fighting the same enemy, struggling for the same goal. The persecution of your com- rades shows the extent of the crisis facing capitalism and its frenzied attempts to stamp out its oppo- nents, As we enter anew andrevolu- tionary decade, tens of thousands will rally to the banner of Marxism to replace the martyrs shot down by ameriKKKan imperialism. We send you our warmest fraternal greetings, Yours fraternally, Tessa Lindop Secretary - International Socialists CON’T FROM PAGE 13 END KILLINGS the big cities. We make this plea, for the strug- gles against reaction and repres- sion knows no state boundaries. What happens in the United States could happen in Canada tomorrow. Write or wire your protests to President Nixon, He can stop these police killings, persecution andar- rests of Black Panther leaders and members, Let us demand that he do so, Demand that the United Na- CON’T FROM PAGE tions Human Rights Commission investigate and call for world action against the criminal policy of genocide pursued in the U.S.A, Demand that Prime Minister Tru- deau protest on behalf of Canada expressing the anger and protest of the Canadian people to the Nixon Administration. Central Executive Committee, Communist Party of Canada, 13 Erztreans Declare Revolution population has been herded into a series of fortified villages to fa- cilitate military control, Each village numbers about 3000 pea- sants or nomads who refuse to join them are chased from their land under a sporadic scorched earth campaingn,”’ On the llth of June 1967, large concentrations of Ethiopian troops surrounded the villages of Ailat and Gumhot in the Red Sea area, At three in the afternoon, the Ethi- opians rounded up the men of the two villages herded thirty into a house, and then set it on fire. Both villages were burnt down along with nine others, At least 90 fa- milies were made homeless, Enough has probably been said to show” what a tragedy the Eritrean people live today. The tragic situation is the result of the United Nations Federal Resolution which linked the destiny of the free- dom-loving people of Eritrea tothat of the Ethiopian Empire. The reso- lution did not reflect the wishes of the Eritrean people who sought full independence. Neither did this resolution help “‘maintain peace and security in East Africa’’ as its preamble had hoped. On the con- trary, the complete absence of se- curity in Eritrea today makes it incumbent upon the United Nations to reconsider its resolution in the interest of the peace and security it sought to maintain through the resolution, We once again draw the atten- tion of the World Organization to the constantly deteriorating situa- tion in Eritrea, In fact, failure on the part of the United Nations to intervene promptly is bound tomake a peace- ful solution to the Eritrean tragedy yet more difficult. The peace- loving people of Eritrea need prompt and immediate assistance, the kind of assistance that derives from the human spirit upon which the Charter of the United Nations is founded, 2 CON’T FROM PAGE 12 “lap dog” pressed people have learned that a proletarian struggle against these war-mongers, imperialist dogs, is the only cure for this suffering and pain that is being perpetrated by mad dogs like Ag- new, who have no respect for human life. Because this is true, the peo- ple have the right to dethrone him without giving it another thought, Agnew has the nerve to talk about the mass media and how they lie Isn’t it a fact, that Agnew has lied to the toilering masses ever since he entered the political AGNEW arena, pretending that he is for the toilers cause? Yet he can eat a $100-a plate dinner while we oppressed people go hungry and without the basic needs to continue existing. We call upon the masses to rise up and struggle against this fascist regime, rise up like a mighty storm and “SEIZE THE POWER”, the power that belongs to the people. BLACK PANTHER PARTY Baltimore Chapter John L. Clark THE BLACK PANTHER, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1970 PAGE 18 RULES OF THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA Every member of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY thr put this country ¢ cist America must abide by these rules as functional mem- bers of t party. CENTRAL COMMITTEE members. CENTRAL d LOCAL STAFFS, including all captains subordinate to nal, state, and local leadership of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY will enforce these rules. Length of suspension or other dis- ipli necessary for violation of these rules will depend on national decisions by national, state or state area, and local committees and staffs where said rule or rules of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY WERE VIOLATED. Every member of the party must know these verbatum by heart. and apply them daily. Each member must report any viola these rules to their leadership or they are counter-revolutionary and are also subjected to suspension by the BLACK PANTHER PARTY. THE RULES ARE: 1, No party member can have narcotics or weed in his possession while doing party work. 2. Any party member found shooting narcotics will be expelled from this party. 3. No party member can be DRUNK while doing daily party work. 4. No party member will violate rules relating to office work, general meetings of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY, and meetings of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY ANYWHERE. 5. No party member will USE, POINT, or FIRE a weapon of any kind unnecessarily or accidentally at anyone. 6. No party member can j any other army force other than the BLACK LIBERATION ARMY. 7. No party member can have a weapon in his possession while DRUNK or loaded off narcotics or weed. 8. No party member will commit any crimes against other party members or BLACK people at all, and cannot steal or take from the people, not even a needle or a piece of thread. 9. When arrested BLACK PANTHER MEMBERS will give only name, address, and will sign nothing. Legal first aid must be understood by all Party members. 10, The Ten Point Program and platform of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY must be known and understood by cach Party member. 11. Party Communications must be } nal and Local. 12. The 10-10-10-program should be known by all members and also understood by all members. 13. All Finance officers will operate under the jurisdiction of the istry of F ne. 14. Each person will submit a report of daily work. 15. h Sub-Section Leader Section Leader, Lieutenant, and Captain must submit Daily reports of work. 16. All Panthers must learn to operate and service weapons correctly. 17. All Leadership personne! who expel a member must submit this information to the Editor of the Newspaper, so that it will be published in the paper and will be known by all chapters and branches. 18. Political Education Classes are mandatory for general member- ship. 19. Only office personnel assigned to respective offices cach day should be there. All others are to sell papers and do Political work out in the community, including Captains, Section Leaders, ete. 20, COMMUNICATIONS — all c¢ ters must submit weekly re ports in writing to the National Headquarters. 21. All Branches must implement First Aid and/or Medical Cadres. 22, All Chapters, B: s ity of the BLACK PAN- THER PARTY m monthly Report to the Minis- try of Finance. so the Central Committee. pou leadership position must read no less than two hours per day to heep abreast of the ¢ ng political situation. 24. No chapter or branch shall accept grants, poverty funds, money or any other aid trom any goverament agenes without contacting the ational Headquarters. 2 AIL chapters must adhere to the policy and the ideology laid down by the CENERAT COMMIELTEE of the BLACK PANTHER PARITY. 26. AW Branches must submit weekly reports in writing to their re- spective Chapters. E BLACK PANTHE BLACK COMMUNITY NEWS SERVICE PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY EDITORIAL STAFF CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF OF THE THE BLACK PANTHER BLACK PANTHER PARTY Political Prisoner: Political Prisoner: Minister of Defense HUEY P. NEWTON Minister of Defense HUEY P. NEWTON Political Prisoner: Political Prisoner: Chairman BOBBY SEALE Chairman BOBBY SEALE Editor Minister of Information ELDRIDGE CLEAVER Minister of Information ELDRIDGE CLEAVER Chief of Staff DAVID HILLIARD Managing Editor Deputy Minister of Information BIG MAN Field Marshall DON COX Revolutionary Artist Minister of Education RAY ‘MASAI’ HEWITT and Lay-out Minister of Culture EMORY DOUGLAS Minister of Finance Production Manager JOHN SEALE Minister of Foreign Affairs Minister of Justice Co-Editors Prime Minister Distribution Manager ANDREW AUSTIN Communications Secretary KATHLEEN CLEAVER Minister of Culture EMORY DOUGLAS Circulation SAM NAPIER The editorial and production cost of THE BLACK PANTHER News- paper have increased considerably. We would like to continue increasing weekly circulation and our national and interna- tional news coverage. To do this we need your aid, Please send us news items, general information, and contributions. Help us distrihute and get new subscriptions to The Black Panther newspaper. Submit tc: BLACK PANTHER NEWSPAPER 3106 SHATTUCK AVE. BERKELEY, CALIF. (PSS eeS8 SUBSCRIPTION FORM Sg Support Your Newspaper-- Subscribe Enter my subscription for (check box) National Foreign Subscriptions Subscriptions 3 MONTHS: (13 ISSUF'S) . . $2.50 U1 $9.00 6 MONTHS: (26 ISSUES) . $5.00 | $12.00 ONE YEAR: (52 ISSUFS)... ¢- 4) $750) | $15.00 (please print) NAME ADDRESS ’ CITY STATE/ZIP # COUNTRY. PLEASE MAIL CHECK MINISTRY OF INFORMATION, BLACK PANTHER PARTY, OR MONEY ORDER TO. “Box 2967, Custom House, San Francisco, CA 94126 BSS SS a SaaS ee Sse Sa Sea aes October 1966 Black Panther Party Platform and Program What We Want What We Believe FREE HUEY Minister of Defense. Black Panther Party 1. We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community. We believe that black people will not be free until we are able to deter- mine our destiny 2. We want full employment for our people. ; We believe that the federal government is responsible and obligated to give every man employment or a guaranteed income. We believe that if the w hite American businessmen will not give full employment. then the means of production should be taken from the businessmen.and placed in the community so that the people of the community can organize and em- ploy all of its people and give a high standard of liv ing 3. We want an end to the robbery by the CAPITALIST of our Black Community We believe that this racist government has robbed us and now we are demanding the overdue debt of forty acres and two mules. Forty acres and two mules was promised 100 years ago as restitution for slave labor and mass murder of black people. We will accept the payment in currency which will be distributed to our many communities. The Germans are now aiding the Jews in Israel for the genocide of the Jewish people. The Ger- mans murdered six million Jews. The American racist has taken part in the slaughter of over fifty million black people; therefore. we feel that this is a modest demand that we make 4. We want decent housing. fit for shelter of human beings. We believe that if the white landlords will not give decent housing to our black community, then the housing and the land should be made into cooperatives so that our community, with government aid, can build and make decent housing for its people. 5. We want education for our people that exposes the true nature of this decadent American society. We want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present-day society. We believe in an educational system that will give to our people a knowl- edge of self. If a man does not have knowledge of himself and his position in society and the world, then he has little chance to relate to anything else. 6. We want all black men to be exempt from military service. We believe that Black people should not be forced to fight in the mili- tary service to defend a racist government that does not protect us. We will not fight and kill other people of color in the world who, like black people, are being victimized by the white racist government of America. We will protect ourselves from the force and violence of the racist police and the racist military, by whatever means necessary. 7. We want an immediate end to POLICE BRUTALITY and MURDER of black people. We believe we can end police brutality in our black community by or- ganizing black self-defense groups that are dedicated to defending our black community from racist police oppression and brutality. The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States gives a right to bear arms. We therefore believe that all black people should arm themselves for self-defense. : 8. We want freedom for all black men held in federal, state, county and city prisons and jails. We believe that ail black people should be released from the many jails and prisons because they have not received a fair and impartial trial 9. We want all black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their black communities, as defined by the Constitution of the United States. We believe that the courts should follow the United States Constitution so that black people will receive fair trials. The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution gives a man a right to be tried by his peer group. A peer is a person from a similar economic, social, religious, geographical, en- vironmental. historical and racial background. To do this the court will be forced to select’a jury from the black community from which the black defendant came. We have been, and are being tried by all-white juries that have no understanding of the “average reasoning man” of the black community. 10. We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing. justice and peace. And as our major political objective, a United Nations-supervised plebis- cite to be held throughout the black colony in which only black colonial subjects will be allowed to participate, for the purpose of determining the will of black people as to their national destiny. s When. in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and naturg’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal: that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life. liberty. and the ptrsuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men. deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that. whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new governorent, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizit powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and bappiness. Pru dence. indeed. will dictate that governments long established should) not be changed for light and transient causesvand, accordingly, al) experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable. than to right themselves by abolishing the forms ty wWhiteh: they ure aecustomed. But. when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pur- suing invariably the same object. evinces a design to reduce them tnder ab- solute despotism. itis their right. it is their dutyoto throw off such govern- ment. and to provide new guards for their future security. i