Vol. 5, No. 8

THE BLACK PANTHER 23 Black Community News Service WeEkLY THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY ee ae WOMEN’S LIBERATION AND GAY REPORT ON THE TRIAL OF LONNIE McLUCAS eo sf LIBERATION MOVEMENTS f a a a eee eee cre na” Tae Troc iT 5 ? bon IN IDE. WELFARE OPPRESSION IN MOUNT VERNON, W.Y THE PENTAGON._BY MICHAEL “CETEWAYO LETTER FROM HUEY ABOUT THE PIG HARRINGTON OF PHILADELPHIA THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 2 * OINKS THAT PIGS WILL FURTHER THEIR SHOOT TO KILL CAMPAIGN PIG HARRINGTON On Tuesday August 4,1970, a fool pig made a statement at the Na- tional Convention of the Frater- nal Order of Police, This fool was John Harrington, president of the Fraternal Order of pigs, (FOP), The statement that was made by the pig was: ‘The pig officers may start 4 shoot to kill cam- paign if they did not receive more public support. If more public sup- port does not materialize for pigs and if judges don’t stop being per- missive, then the feeling of pigs is maybe we better (sic) resort to the old Mexican deguello, a shootout in which we take no pris- oners.'* Rizzo was there and he made a statement saying ‘This will never happen in Philadelptua as long as I'm the Pig commis- Sioner, 99 per cent of my guys would have nothing to do with something like that. We don't need that kind of thing. We, will fol- low the laws of the land and they apply equally to both pigs and citizens," Now we all know that these pigs are fools, Anytime they can oink such Hes to the people, ‘knowing that the people are aware of their murder, How can Harring- ton say he may start something that has existed here for many years? And how can Pig Rizzo say that his pig force could never do this when they murder Biack People daily in cold blood. These Pigs are fools, and fools will be dealt with, We say that these pigs do not have any respect for Black people and it is time for the peo- ple to form self defense groups throughout the Black colony. Huey Says, ‘*The pigs must withdraw immediately from the Black com- munity and cease their wanton murder and brutality upon Black people or face the WRATH OF THE ARMED PEOPLE,"* DEATH FOOLS! TO THE PIGS AND Delores -Community Worker Black Panther Party Community Information Center 3625 Wallace st. BA2-088S SISTER MARGARET WILL CONTINUE APPEALING HER CASE WITH THE WELFARE DEPT. UNTIL THE RACIST PIGS SEE THAT THEY CANNOT CONTROL BLACK PEOPLE'S WILL OR DETERMINE OUR DESTINY Point No, 2 of the Black Pan- ther Party's 10 Point Platform and Program states; WE WANT FULL EMPLOYMENT FOR OUR PEO- PLE, We believe that the federal government {s responsible and ob- ligated to give every man em- Ployment or 4 guaranteed income. In October 1969, Sister Mar- garet Turner went to the welfare office in her district for additional assistance, This additional assis- tance was for babysitting and car- fare, so that she could attend O,LC (Opportunity Industrialization Cen- ter) for a trade to be able to offer her family and herself the best standard of living possible. She attended O,1,C, until Nov, of 1969 then she began doing commu- nity health work under the sup- ervision of the Black Panther Party. In Febuary the Party opened a Free Medical Center, ar 1609 W, Susquehanna Ave, the Mark Clark free Medical Center, of which she operated, In March a nigger lackey named C.L, Terry called the sister and informed her that she would be ordered to pay back all of the school allowance she had re- ceived since she left the O,LC, She also told the sister the de- partinen of welfare was charging her with fraud, for receiving funds aside from her regular assistance under false pretenses, This sister had been in the Party long enough to know her “‘legal’’ rights so she called a lawyer from the lo- cal Welfare Rights Organization, and informed them of what hap- pened, In the meantime the Sister's check had been cur, and welfare was trying to scare the sister into paying the money back, The law- yer contadted the caseworker @igger Terry) to replace the money that had peen cut from the sister's check and also explained why welfare could not take the sister to court, After this he Started proceedings for an appeal for the sister to receive the ex- tra allowance as long as she was recelving training at the health center under the supervision of a doctor, The primary appeal hearing went on Thursday Aug 6, 1970 at 10:30 a.m. where the pigs re- fused to listen to the statements from their own manual, that stared that you can get training from a non-profit agency, Black Panther . Party, they refused to listen to anything the sister or her law- yer had to say, After the pig caseworker said thar Miss Turner was affiliated with the Black Pan- ther Party and the center she worked in was one of the Black Panther Party's free programs, This clearly shows that the pigs have no regard for people who think for themselves, or who will hot accept thelr keep niggers in thelr place training, Sister Mar- garet is still appealing this case and will do so until the racist pigs see that they cannot control Black people's will or determine their destiny in the Black com- munity, DEATH TO THE FASCIST PIGS! ON WITH REVOLUTION! M, Turner DECADENT HOUSING CONDITIONS IN A BLACK COMMUNITY On Wednesday August 5,1970, at approximately 1:30 p,m,, me and another brother were walking thru the community and we came to the corner of 28th and Oakdale Sts, As | looked up the street, my eyes came upon 4 sight that quickly re- minded me slow plot of genocide that the pigs have planned for Black people, 1 walked down the block to talk to some of the re- Sidents about the conditions of the houses there, I talked to Mrs. Cannon, who bad lived there for almost 20 years. She told me that She and a few more people had called the pigs in city hall anum- ber of times concerning the un- healthy and unsafe conditions thar exist in their block, mainly,the 24 vacant, yet unboarded, houses. After further investigation, I found that these same pigs that Mrs, Cannon was trying to con- tact were the owners of these de- cadent, run-down, vacant houses. I checked out the conditions of each of these houses then | went with Mrs. Cannon to her house where she showed me the kit- chen ceiling which was falling in. She then took me upstairs to the MRS, ———— Memphis, Tennessee is a city in the southern part of racist Baby- lon, It is the city where Martin Luther King was murdered. We all know that the assassination of King was nothing more than a C.LA, plot, planned and carried out by this fascist power structure to eliminate all persons and indivi- duals that are struggling to bring about a change of this decadent American society, Conditions of racist discrim- ination, oppression and exploita- tion along with human degradation have been subjected to even up to this present time. Brothers and Sisters that had been kidnapped and railroaded through the racist court System - during the 1%8 riots are stillconfined, Some because neither they, nor their families can raise the ransom demanded by racist judges, others have no ransom at all, Because of niggers moving in the best way they knew how during the riots of 1968 and destroying a great deal of the avaricious busi- nessman's property, the pigs have OF PHILADELPHIA — | IN BLACK COMMUNITIES THROUGHOUT BABYLON approximately a month and a half ago and the pig still hasn't sent anyone. We, the people of the Black com- munity, accuse the pig officials in city hall and the slum land- lords throughout the city, of asa- TYPICAL HOUSING CONDITIONS FOUND bathroom and showed me the tol- let and how ict was only held to the wall by a thin copper pipe. She told me she had asked her pig landlord a number of times about fixing up these conditions, but lke the low lifed pig that he is, all he would oink was, ‘'I'll Send someone around next week to fix things up."’ Well, thar was distical plot to commit genocide of Black people. We further ac- cuse the maniacs that run the pig power structure of this (Tate, Rizzo, etc.) of a mass plot to dehumanize Black people, We recognize In the final analysis, that the only way in which we will get decent housing {s when werise up lke a mighty storm to des- troy every last pig, beast devil that is oppressing us and stopp- ing us from ving as human be- ings. Then we will definirely see justice done. And this is a fact, so later for the pigs. WE WANT DECENT HOUSING, FIT. FOR THE SHEL- TER OF HUMAN BEINGS, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! SEIZE THE TIME! Joe Harvey Community Worker CANNON MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE: CITY OF 300,000 OPPRESSED NIGGERS Stepped-up their fascist cactics, The pigs have set up pig ourposts in the colony where they distribute food stamps to the people, they have what they call a free lunch program, which consists of feeding hungry people, cold sandwiches on day old bread, These activities are there to decelve the people and kill them with sugar coated bullets, Along with these foul tactics of trickery, the pigs fly over the Black community at night in heli- copters, These pigs shine large floodlights down into the colony in- discriminately, They shine their lights into peoples homes and on the brothers ds they congregate on the block, shouting through mega- phones "'O.K, niggers let's break it up." Memphis has more than its share of Black lackeys and nigger rent-a-pigs. In all Black com- munities across Babylon, the power structure, In an attempt to repress the rising revolutionary spirit of the masses, has flooded the colony with drugs. Pimps and pushers are off in the colony Gealing out death to the people in_the form of heroin, cocain LSD capsules and Red devils, The same is true of Memphis, Tennessee, Planned conditions of indecent housing, unemployment and hunger all the basic needs that the people must have to live, are denied Black people of Memphis. Black lackeys constantly rise the people up and then sell them out for their own personal gain. Such is the plight of the Black people of Memphis, The repression mounts daily, there have been 300 cases of pig brutality since the summer began and 9 brothers were ripped off in the month of June. The chief of pigs, Lux stated on T,V, that he gives his pigs guns for the Purpose of ‘shooting to kill’’. The people of Memphis must move to deal with these foul pigs and take up arms in defense of our basic human right - the right to deter- mine our destiny, To the pigs of Memphis, we say repression only breeds resistance, and Black people WILL resist. DEATH TO THE FASCIST PIGS Nelson Winston-Salem, N.C.C.F, . et it me. Earl Caldwell, a Black corres- pondent with the San Franciscobu- “eau of the New York Times, was found guilty of civil contempt by a Federal judge after he refused to turn over information about the Black Panther Party to agrand ju- ‘The New York Times refusedto support him in any way, andatthe Samé time its managing editor, A, M, Rosenthal, sent a memorandum to all Times staffers reassuring them that the Times is preparedto defendits reporters if they run in- to trouble while doing their job, The Times wouldn't back up Caldwell, Rosenthal said, because there is no reason wiy a Times reporter shouldn't be willing to _ BLACK MEDIA WORKERS DEFEND EARL CALDWELL: REFUSES TO PROTECT REPORTER NEW YORK TIMES thal did not attempt to answer Caldwell's contention thathis cre- dibility, his promise to Protect Sources, and his ability to func- tion in the Black community would be destroyed if he testified be- hind the closed doors of a grand jury room where the public would have no way of knowing what ques- tions he was answering, A recently formed organization of Black journalists called the Na- tional Association of Black Media Workers adopted a program of Support for Earl Caldwell at its first conference in Jefferson City Mo. The Media Workshop and a group of journalists called Black Perspective will carry onthe bat- tle in New York. “‘authenticare’’ his stories, Rosen- Liberation News Service IN ORDER FOR BLACK PEOPLE 10 ACHIEVE THEIR BASIC NEEDS AND DESIRES THEY MUST FIRST RELATE TO THE BASIC RIGHT OF SELF-DEFENSE The time when Black people Sought to acquire their basic needs anddesires non-violently are long gone. The murder of Dr. King clearly revealed to Black people that they had no rights which the White man was bound to respect. This fact manifested itself recent- ly with the acquittal of two White racists who had viciously mur- dered brother Henry D. Marrow, a twenty three year old married father of one in Oxford, N.C, The all White racist jury took Jess than 24 hours to acquit these yellow racist perverted pigs who had shotgunned the brother, crip- pling both of his legs, then shot him through the head ar point blank range, killing him instantly, The brother was never at any time armed, clearly showing no justification for his murder. This cowardly act of wanton murder of our people was carried out in the eyes of dozens of mem- bers of the Black community who went to court and testified as to the fact that the brother was shor in the head as he was trying to crawl away from his racist mur- derers, Acts of murder and brutality being inflicted upon Black people is nothing new to Black people, An examination of the history of N.C. STARTS FREE CLOTHING PROGRAM | Necessities such as food, cloth- mE and housing should be pro- ded for every individual from day he is born, These are 8 that everybody needs In or- ‘to survive. Yet because we dn a society where a few Own the things chat every- Wy needs, some people can't . We question, why should be overflowing with woalth hers suffer because they Black people since our forced mi- gration to this racist infested country has seen over fifty mil- Hon Black people murdered with- out justification. Recently here in Winston- Salem, a fifteen year old bro- ther by the name of George Cald- well was brutally beaten by cowardly pigs who pulled out riot pump shotguns on brothers aad sisters who rushed to the bro- ther’s ald as he was being beaten, Less than a week later a six- teen year old sister was beaten and maced after being kidnapped by racist pigs itching to murder unarmed Black people who were watching. Attacks such as these are evi- dence that in order for Black People to achieve their basic needs and desires they have to first relate fo the basic right of all People and that is the right to Protect oneself whenever ar- tacked. The Black Panther Party advocates that people siiould arm themselves for selflefense, HOW LONG, HOW LONGI POWER GROWS OUT OF THE BARREL OF A GUN! SEIZE THE TIME} OO Os om Go Ores Go nes Oe Gnees Qa Qe @ em WINSTON-SALEM CF. i everybody can live comfortably Since we don’t live In a so- clety where this is true the N.C.C,F, of Winston-Salem has implemented a Free Clothing Program to provide clothes for those people in the community that don'thave. The program star- 50 to 75 people from the com- munity came to get clothes, I I I I I —_—e—o j pigs. e ted August 1, 1970; on that day | I THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, A raed wang wn UGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 3 ‘- ‘ LUMPEN SURIVAL: JUCHE “The Lumpen are all those who have no secure celationship or vested interest in the means of Production and the institutions of capitalist society’’. (excerpt from the Ideology of The Black Pan- ther Party by Eldridge Cleaver, Minister of Information). never been given a chance to fully develop, the reason being that Street life demands such negative qualities as individualism, mis- trust, and is rife with the profit motive (capitalism), Due to the efforts of revolutionary comrades on all THE LUMPEN BROTHERS AND SISTERS OFF THE BLOCK The lumpen by the very nature of their existence have been de- nied everything. They have been stripped of even the most basic human right--the right to live, Produce, and make their right- ful creative contribution to soc- jety, the world, and history. The lumpen (decendants of the field niggers of chattle slavery) Hve Strictly on a day to day basis, and aS many will tell you home is where night fall catches me Though the lumpen are looked down on by other strata of society, and are subjected to titles such as “‘bums’’, “‘loafers’’, ‘‘thugs’’ etc., they @he lumpen) have pro- found creativity borne of the harsh- ness of their existence, This cre- ativity, deep as lt maybe, goes totally unaccredited by other less oppressed sectors of Babylonian life, The people who look con- temptiously at the lumpen, are the Same pcople who attempt to emu- late the life styles of “Leave it to Beayer’’, and ‘Donna Reed" in vain efforts at transcending racial /class barviers, rather than wholly eradicating them, Much of the lumpen population consist of the ‘illegitimate capi- talists’’ those who exist off what- ever they are able to obtain through methods deemed {Ilicit by super gangsters and criminals of the po- wer |Structure, However, many have Socialistic tendencies that have levels, thepeople are ag Jong last beginningto put into practice soc- falism that is in conformity with the conditions of urbanized Baby- Jon. The situation I am speaking of specifically can be found in a vacant lot on the corner of 84th and Bast I4th Oakland, California, Some lumpen, righteous field nig- gers, have implemented areal soc- jalistic program that deals with the most fundamental factor of all, food, Smoke canbe seen ri- sing from the lot three time a day as food is being prepared for the lumpen community, The meal is not a delicacy, but the food that comes off that stove made from Scrap metal, and fueled by wood is basic, nourishing filling, and very tasty, As always, the fas- cist dog pig told these brothers who are trying to bring some ray of light into their bleak existence that you can't feed people outside because of some stupid, irrelevant city ordinance that says in ef- fect that the people can't have an open fire, These brothers, being the lumpen that they are, told the pigs in so many words that their fire can never be put out, This nameless program that feeds people is a prime example of the humanitarianism displayed by those who don’t even have a place to call home, thanks tothis wretch- ed system of dehumanization, ex- Ploitation, and murder. It is these same people on the last rung on the ladder of society that history will record as the vanguard of the proletariat. And it is with the claiming of their rightful social he- ritage that will bring the fascist dictators of Babylon to their well deserved graves! One of the brothers, Jimmy, who served in the pigs'military years ago as a cook now turns his skills to the needs of the community, Jimmy's philosophy is not abstract or sickeningly complex; he simply Saw a need among his people and moved on it. These niggers didn’t discuss it over a conference rable or engage In {idiot struggles over whose going to head what depart- ment, or like the petty bourgeois intellectuals who talk about pros and cons, make trips to Washing- ton to rally support, get govern- ment funds or grants, and they certainly had no desire to act as lobbyist to ‘some demagogic pig politician in order to ‘serve the people,"* The lumpen move on the Instinct of survival and it is these people whom we can rely on in time of all our armed confrontation, These niggers understand that the logic of cupitalism is: ‘He who has BROTHER JIMMY nothing shall have less, and thar which he has left shall be taken away from him’, for they are vic- tims of it. THE LUMPEN SHALL CONDUCT THEIR STRUGGLE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STREETS! ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! EAST OAKLAND COMMUNITY CENTER ULTIMATUM: EITHER FIGHT IN THE PIGS ARMY, We know that the only reason these pigs are in our community is to brutalize and murder us. In order for these fools to im- Plement this genocidal plot against us, various tactics are employed, Today, Black people have come to recognize the majority of these moves made against us for “exact- ly what they are, That fs, for the MOSt part, we can see very clear- ly how and why these pigs move against us, One attempted genocidal tactic employed today, which may not be $o easily recognizable, is the use of Black men as cannon fodder inthe avaricious wars of these greedy Recently, in Roxbury, an 18 year old brother was charged with breaking and entering into the store of one of the greedy, racist capi- talists in our comununity, As a re- sult of this ‘‘criminal ‘* act, he OR GO TO JAIL! soned. This type of ultimarum Is belng handed down quite regularly in our community, to young broth- ers who pass through these pigs’ courts, A,blood who is paranoid or has been so programmed about “going to prison’’ may see this “‘choice’’ as an out for himself. And this is just the attitude the pigs want to instill in him. These ‘‘decrepit old witches*’ have things so planned thar if they can't rip off brothers in the street then they can always send them to places like Vietnam or Cambodia and have them killed in an “act of war,"’ The Black Panther Party says in our platform and program that, “We want all Black men to be exempt from military service,’ What we are Saying is that it is a contradiction for Black men to fight in the fascist forces of Baby- lon, to inflict U.S. imperialism side the belly of the beast.” So, what we have to say to these fools is that we want no part of your compromises, We are not so afraid of your jails that we can be co-opted into fighting against a people who are exploited and op- pressed in the same manner and by the same forces as Black peo- ple in this country, And also, we refuse to submit in any way to any of your criminal attempts to commit genocide against us. Ra- ther, we promise to join the mill- tary forces of the people's army avd wige a war of National Sal- vation and total destruction to all pigs who occupy our Black commu- nities in Babyloy aad fight capt- talist wars of aggression abroad, ALL POWER TD THE PEOPLE! DEATH TO THE FASCIST; ave. We say that if these CLOTHING, ONE OF THE BASIC @ was given a choice by these pigs: abroad and at the same time, at- Diana | NECESSITIES, ALL OF IT BE- ] either voluntarily join the m{li- tempt to defend our communities ; LONGS TO THR PEOPLE! tary and ugree to fight in the pigs’ from the fascist brutality of the Boston Chapter Grae Opes: Game Gomes Gam: Gree: army, or submit to being impri- same racist forces here ‘In. Black Panther Party » THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 4 BROTHER JAMES THOMPSON MURDERED BY RACIST, FASCIST PIGS IN HARLEM James Thompson "Tee" of 225 w, 12%h st. spoke out loud against the war in VietNam andblack oppres- Sion, ‘‘Tee’’ was shot and killed by fascist pigs, Friday night, July 3ist, at ap- proximately 11:30, James Thomp- Son, 23, was registering a verbal complaint about the racism and fascism that is so prevalent here in racist Babylon, in front: of the Sakarak Lounge between 129th and 130th st. on 8th Ave. Two fas- cist gestapo pigs ( one black the other white) Ralph Sommer , 29, and Samuel Johnson, 40, drove up and opened fire without warn- ing from the car, The nigger pig shot first, twice without warning from the car, then his White mas- ter felt he had the right to do it too, SayS seven eyewitnesses to the murder, (Names are withheld due to the animalistice nature of the pigs.) A total of 9 shots were fired, The pigs in a vain attempt to justify what they had done in their vicious and primeditated murder of ‘'Tee'’, made this report on the incident:James Thompson was causing a disturbance and brand- ishing a knife, Thompson charged them and slashed Sommer on the wrist. Both officers then fired a total of 7 shots dropping Thomp- Son to the street. Thompson then got up again, two more shots were fired and he dropped, There's 4 peoples versionanda pigs version. I'm more inclined to believe the poeple's versionbe- cause the pigs version just doesn't gel. Why? 1) Seven eye- witnesses say that the pigs fired from the car without warning, The pigs say they got out of their car and ordered him to stop shout- ing drop the knife. 2.)The people say the pigs shot the brother in the head first and he dropped then they continued to shoot him inthe upper part of his body, ‘'Tee'’ never got up, The pigs say they had to shoot the brother a total of seven times before he fell and then ‘Tee’ got back up, charged them again and it took two more shots to down him, Which in itself Is a contradiction, 3.) the pigs say “Tee charged them and slashed one of them on the wrist at which time they opened fire and fired 4 total of seven shots. Tee got up again afterward. This is beyond belief because from the range ar which the pigs fired and dealing with the fact that the New York pig dept. carries 38's, 45's or -357’s as pack pieces. One shot would have finished him. Pigs who are you trying to fool? We the people deem this act of the New York Pig Dept. mur- der in the first degree and find pigs Ralph Sommer and Samuel Johnson guilty of carrying out this brutal act against the people, The conviction is in and the Sentence is death and it will be carried out in levels or stages, The first stage was carried out on Saturday,August 1, 1970, at ap- proximately 6;00 p.m. The brothers off the block ripped off two pigs, beat them, took their guns and badges and left them left them lay, ‘Right on J.C, you're a bad revolutionary,’’This is and was only the first stage of the sentence. Everyday we'll mover to a higher level. So to pigs a word of advice, when you walk down the streets at night make sure it’s In threes and fours because twos won't work anymore, When you go out to eat make Sure you carry a ‘taster along, when you take a bath make sure it’s water {n the tub, When you ventured out ar all you'd better have a bullet- proof shield for your head, cause we're ready with everything from lye to lead, and for the ‘‘sal- vation, Uberation and freedom of our people we won't hesitiate to either kill or die’’, DEATH TO ALL FASCIST PIGS} SEIZE THE TIME} Bernice Jones Harlem Branch Black Panther Party RACIST WINSTON-SALEM SCHOOL BOARD PLAN FOR SCHOOL DESEGREGATION MEANS TERROR FOR BLACK CHILDREN The racistWinston-Salem school board headed by mad-dog Maready, and backed by the local fascist pig force (Tucker's raiders) has hatched a school desegregation plan, which they have submitted to the State Court. They (the school board) went behind closed doors with those that would profit most from government funds (the to- bacco industry) thar will come Pouring in once a desegregation plan is submitted and implemented, to put this stupid scheme together. The plan they came out with was so disgusting - even they (the school board) say they could not approve it — but will submit it anyway. LIARS - how could they submit Something neither they nor the peo- ple of Winston-Salem can approve of anyway if they are serving the best interest of the people. This plan closes two of the 3 remaining high schools inthe Black community (Carver School and Anderson, leaving only one Black high school - Atkins). Ik (the plan Huey would say, “a newspaper 2s the voice of a party, the voice of the Panther must be heard throughout the land.’ Proposes to bus Black students to the all white high schools, Park- land, East Forsyth and North For- syth (remember when that racist pulled that shotgun on Blacks last year at North?) We can look for the same and possibly more {n- Sane actions this year. As far as the grammer schools, they will cluster grades 1, 2 and 3 (this clustering process busses our kids out and white kids in - this will be done in such a fashion that in most grammer schools including those in our community, whites would be inthe majority and Blacks in the minority. This is very dan- gérous because our kids at thar young age will come to believe jive that racist teachers will wry to feed them in these schools about them not being able to change their oppressive conditions because they are in the minority, Black people BEWARE of the effect this move will have on our kids}|{ All of this bussing is supposed to take place - tell us Maready Newspaper at the formation 0.4',P, One TEAR (oleae print) NAME ADORESS cry STATIC @ PULASE mar CHECE OF MOMET C8008 TO Cater ny sutscnpbon tor leneck bea) I MONTHS. (19 [S5U)5) * MONTHS, (20 LSSUNS) (S52 [S5UrS) where are these busses coming from? Isn't it true that the County cannot, according to State law, buy busses for your dumb plan? We think you should know Black people DO NOT want Carver and Anderson closed and we ARE NOT going to Place our kids lives in jeapordy as we did last year - for those mad KKK's to try to intimidate and murder. If you persist in your mad scheme we will make you see the folly of your stupid plan, We are saying that we see through all the Hes and games; that we are tired of this crap and will not indulge in the madness any longer. Stop this madness now or face chaos in the coming school year, We want Community Control of our schools and we will have this BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY! ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE Kathy H. aS Black Panther Party July [97--Minister of Defense, ities It: Newton (ricia) and Chairman, Uobby Seale (left), reading an early edition uf 11,P.1' here of Lidruke Cleaver, Minister of In- Netiene! $2.50 J 3.00 ) $730 COUNTRY MOMESTRY OF (NT ORMATION BLACK PANTONE PARTY, Har 296), Cortom Howse, See Francizee, CAMIN WELFARE OPPRESSION IN MOUNT VERNON, N.Y. The end of last month, a sister by the name of Dorothy Earlcame into the Black Panther Party com- munity information center, locared at 45-8 East 3rd street, Mount Vernon, New York for help, She had been seeking help from the local Welfare Department here in Mount Vernon ever since she and her four children came here from Georgia, Mrs. Earl has been stay- ing with her sister since she ar- rivéd.As she could not find a job right away she went to the Wel- fare Department for help, At that time she could no longer stay with her sister, since it was crowded . When Drothy went to the Wel- fare Department for help, they as- Signed her a case worker andgave her $142.00 to hold her over un- til they could get her a place to live which they promised to do as Soon as possible. They promised the Sister that they would move on getting her a place and wouldgive her a check starting on July 2nd Dorothy never received a check nor did she get a place to live, She went back to the Welfare De- partment to Inquire as to why she hadn't received the check or Place as promised. They gave the sister the run around and told her that she would get the check and a place and again gave her more money to hold her over un- til they move on this, the sister was give $50.00 which was to hold her for the week end, Dorothy set out to look for a place of shelter for her and her family. The sister found a place an apartment with four rooms, She called her case worker and related this to him (Mr. Sacchet- ti) he told her that he didn’t think that the place was suitable for her without even attempting to look at it, At this point the sister didn’t know what to do or who she could ask for help. So she sent two of four children back to Geor- gia to live with her family until she could find a place for them, she thought that this would be best for them, But, this didn’r work out for Dorothy either be- cause the sister that she was liv- ing with needed the room for her family which meant that the sis- ter had to continue to look for a Place to live. She called Mr. Sacchetrl and told him again of her situation, that she needed a place and food for her children. This was July 10th the case worker told her thathe couldn't do anything about her situation and again gave her the run around telling her that she would have to walt until next week, This is when Dorothy came to us for help and told us her situation and right away we got on the case to in- vestigate and found out why this sister couldn't get any help from these fools, Defense Captain Eddie Hull set out to get the sister a place to stay and some money from the Welfare Depart- ment; he went there with the sister to inquire as to why they had gi- ven the sister the run around and wouldn't get her a place to stay, When he first approached them they tried to givs him the ru around so he told them who he was and that he was there to. . sent this sister and see that she got her rights, A right to have them help her get a place to live and money for food. They told him that they couldn't do this or anything right then, Ed- — die told them that he knewthagir was a law that they had to get this sister a place if it meant getting her a hotel room and he — also asked him the (case worker) why they hadn't sent the sister the check as promised Mr. Sacchetri went and checked the sister record and {t seemed that they hada’r even made any move to get Doro- thy a place or check where she could move on her own to get a place to live, Dorothy’s case is not an iso- lated incident, Ir is a historical fact that Black People have always seeked refugee and better jobs in the North only to find when they get here thar it is the sameexist- ing racial oppression only more deceitful and in a disguise of nice smiles, We understand that until our people are eduacated they will continue to fall Into the trap of running from one form of oppres- Sion because the oppressor has not seen it fit to create enough jobs for its people, therefore them to beg for their basic neces- sities (land, bread, clothing, - ing, justice and peace.) The creat- ed Welfare system will never 1 the basic needs of the poor and oppressed people until the people — rise up and demand that which is rightfully theirs, a equal share of the wealth of this country based on to each according to his need and ability to produce, ; The Black Panther Party has set * out to educate the people on all levels of oppression and the necessity to move agaonst the op- pressor and his oppressive forces. We have to constantly deal with defeatist attitudes among our peo- ple because they still have some hangups about moving against these : fools who oppress us dally, ] They feel that it would be a*‘non- 7 violent’’ move to do this but, we can’t talk about ‘‘non-violence™ when those who oppress us do not practice it, The people must come to understand that when we talk about moving against those who oppress us daily this is not vio- lent. It's violent when we go these fools and ask them for food and clothing for our children and they refuse, it’s violent when we beg for shelter and ir is denied us, Because ir is the right ofevery man, woman and child to have the best that man and technology can give. Therefore, we must become a united people North, Soth, East and West and deal a final blow to the oppressor and its oppres- sive forces! tian ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE} DEATH TO THE FASCIST PIGS! Rivera Black Community Information Center + ALETTER FROM HUEY TO THE | REVOLUTIONARY BROTHERS AND SISTERS ABOUT THE WOMEN’S LIBERATION AND GAY LIBERATION MOVEMENTS During the past few years, strong movements have developed among women and among homosexuals seek- ing their liberation. There has been some uncertainty about how to relate to these movements. i i j | ! Whatever your personal opinions and your insecurities about homosexuality and the various liberation movements among homosexuals and women (and I speak of the homosexuals and women as oppressed groups), we shouldtryto unite with them in a revolutionary fas- hion, I say ‘‘whatever your insecuri- ee are’ because, as we very well know sometimes our first instinct is to | want to hit a homosexual in the mouth and want a woman to be quiet, We want | to hit the homosexual in the mouth be- cause we’re afraid we might be homo- i sexual; and we want to hit the woman or i shut her up because we’re afraid that she might castrate us, or take the nuts that we might not have to start with. We must gain secuyity in ourselves T and therefore have respect and feel- i ings for all oppressed people. We must ne use the racist type attitude like the White racists use against people i because they are Blackand poor. Many times the poorest White person is the most racist, because he’s afraid that ehe might lose something, or discover something that he doesn’t have; you're some kind of threat to him, This kind of psychology is in operation when we view oppressed people and we're an- ye) with them because of their parti- culay kind of behavior, or their par- ticular kind of deviation from the es- tablished norm, Remember, we haven't establisheda revolutionary value system; we're only in the process of establishing ie I don’t remember us ever con- Stituting any value that said that a revolutionary must say offensive things towards homosexuals, or that a revolutionary should make suye that women do not spear out about their own particular kind of oppression, Matter of fact it’s just the opposite: we say that we recognize the women’s ] right to be free. We haven't said much about the homosexual at all, | and we must relate to the homosexual movement because it’s a real thing. _® And I knowthrough reading and through & my life experience, my observations, | that homosexuals are not given free- | dom and liberty by anyone in the so- ciety, Maybe they might be the most oppressed people in the society, —o—oe—9--8— o— o Ee THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 47,1970 BAGE 5 And what made them homosexual? Perhaps it’s a whole phenomena that I don’t understand entirely. Some peo- ple say that it’s the decadence of cap- italism, I don’t know whether this is the case; I rather doubt it. Bul what- ever the case is, we know that homo- sexuality is a fact that exists, and we must understand it in its purest form: That is, a person should have freedom to use his body in whatever way he wants to, That’s not endorsing things in homosexuality that we wouldn’t view as revolutionary, But there’s nothing to say that a homo- sexual cannot also be a revolutionary. SUPREME COMMANDER, BLACK PANTHER PARTY And maybe I’m now injecting some of my prejudice by saying that ‘‘evena homosexual can be a revolutionary.’’ Quite on the contrary, maybe a homo- sexual could be the most revolution- ary. When we have revolutionary con- ferences, rallies and demonstrations there should be full participation of the gay liberation movement and the wo- men’s liberation movement, Some groups might be more revolutionary than others. We shouldn’t use the ac- tions of a few to say that they’re all reactionary or counterrevolutionary, because they’re not, We should deal with the factions just as we deal with any other group or party that claims to be revolution- ary. We should try to judge somehow, whether they’re operating sincerely, in arevolutionary fashion, froma real- ly oppressed situation. (And we’ ll grant that if they’re women, they’re proba- bly oppressed.) If they do things that are un-revolutionary or counter-revo- o— 8 —— 8 — 0 — 0 — 0 —— OO 0 —- 0 — 9 — Oo — menses lacie encpeanig tas ies aw Greig OOS GOO Oe Oe ee lutionary, then criticize that action. If } we feel that the group in spirit means i to be revolutionary in practice, but they make mistakes in interpretation of the revolutionary philosophy, or they don’t understand the dialectics of the social forces in operation, we ¢ should criticize that and not criti- cize them because they’re women try- 1 ing to be free, And the same is true ¥ for homosexuals, We should never say j a whole movement is dishonest, whenin fact they’re trying to be honest, they’re i just making honest mistakes. Friends | are allowed to make mistakes, The } enemy is not allowed to make mis- i takes because his whole existence is a mistake, and we suffer from it, | But the womens liberation front and } gay liberation front are our friends, i they are potential allies, and we need i as many allies as possible, e We should be willing to discuss the | insecurities that many people have a- | bout homosexuality, When I say ‘“‘inse- 1 curities’’, I mean the fear that they’re some kind of threat to our manhood, ] I can understand this fear. Because of the long conditioning process which | builds insecurity in the American male, homosexuality might produce certain hangups in us. I have hang- ups myself about male homosexuali-. ty, Where, on the other hand, I have no hangup about female homosexuali- ty. And that’s phenomena in itself. I think it’s probably because male homosexuality is a threat to me, may- be and the females are no threat. We should be careful about using those terms that might turn our friends off. The terms ‘‘faggot’’ and ‘‘bunk’’ should be deleted from our vocabulary, and especially we should not attach names normally designed. for homosexuals to men who are ene- mies of the people, such as Nixon or Mitchell. Homosexuals are not ene- mies of the people, We should try to form a working coalition with the Gay liberation and Women’s liberation groups. We must always handle social forces inthe most appropriate manner, And this is real- ly a significant part of the popula- tion both women, and the growing number of homosexuals that we have to deal with, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! Huey P, Newton, SUPREME COMMANDER, Black Panther Party i | I i I I i i I I i I I i i | I i i | OOO OO Oe —2o— 2 — 8 —- 8 —- 0 — 9 — 0 —- 6 — 6 —- 0 —— 8 — 8 —— 0 ——- 0 — 8 = 8 —- 9 -— 9 — 8 —- 9 =O — 0 jeep 1. “THE:BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 6 WASHINGTON STATE FREE BUSSING PROGRAM The Black Panther Party has established the free bussing pro- gram throughout the state of Washington, The purpose for this is to visit the brothers and sis- ters in prisons, state and fede- ral institutions to establish a close relationship between the community and the prisoners. Then the community can find out the specific case of these broth- ers and check out the parole board and see how racist it is. We found out that many families and friends cannot afford transporta- tion to these prisons. So thefami- les can’t visit their loved ones, The result is that the prisoners feel that no one even cares about them thus leaving them at the mercy of those sadistic pigs in prison, Saturday July I, 1970, The Black Panther Party along with members of the commiumity gathered in front of the Community Information Center to go to Monroe Prison. The people were very happy with the bussing program because it provided free transportation, en- abling them to visit their relatives being held in the prison, It also gives a chance to establish some type of communication between the community and the prisoners. Some of the women helped prepare the food for lunch, We talked on the way there about the prisons and what type of treatment the brothers are receiving. Many of the brothers that are railroaded to prison don’t even have hearings. The trials are brief and one sided. These cases are exactly whatthe Black Panther Party's 10 =Point§ Platform states; we want all Black peo- ple when brought to trial to be tried by a jury of their peer group or someone from their community as defined in the Constitution of the United States. all of brothers and sisters who have been brought to trial, were not judged by a jury of their peer” group. In fact we are usually at the mer- cy of racists and bigots who have no understanding of the average Black man in the Black Community; the two situations are different as the day and night. After the brothers: trials they are sent to prisons with ridiculous sentences. For example a brother we know Is serving a 6 year prison term for allegedly carrying an illegal weapon. He didn’t kill anybody, he wasn’t threatening anybody, and he didn't rob anybody, The brother didn’t even have a gun in his posses- Sion when he was snatched off the Streets, A case such as this brother's is only one In athousanu, He didn't have a jury of his peer group, His case shows just how corrupt this country’s judicial System is. It is not only a very racist system but very corrupt and unbalanced. About six years agoa young Bleck man by the name of Bonnie Dinish was murdered. The man who did it only got a year and a half for his crime. Now how in the hell is somebody going to get away with killing a man serv- ing only 4 year and a half, When a Black man gets six years for Supposedly carrying a fire arm, You can get more time robbing bank than you can for taking a human life, So that just shows the people that this government puts more value on money and mater- jals than on human life, Op- pressed people have no rights thar the oppressor is bound torespect. So Black people had better wake up to all of the fascism that Is running rampant throughout Baby- jon, In many cases a lot of pri- Soners are tortured because they refuse to accept the inhumane con- ditions that are thrown upon them. They are il! fed; the food is in- fested with worms; it is spoiled and no good. It is a daily ex- perience forbrothers to be thrown in the hole for days, weeks at a time, Some of the people are be- coming community workers to help establish a strong firm bussing program. Sowithin a shart while we will have drawn up a weekly bussing schedule to present to the community ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE] SEIZE THE BUSES, FREE ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS] PIGS SHOOT BROTHER KILLING HIM | PI WILLIAM E, TUCKER During 4 search for a purse snatcher, & young Black brother by the name of Earl Howard was pointed out by the victim (who was riding around in the pig car) as the accomplice. He was then arrested and they continued the search for the other suspect. The victim was returned to her car wheee the incident had happened IN FACE NSTANTALLY AE nee PIG ROBERT LANGE and the pigs resumed their search, The pigs said that the brother had used abusive language, sothat at the rear of an alley the brother was asked to get out of the car. Many who saw this said that the pig began to punch the brother in his ribs and face (this pig was Black). In an effort to protect himself the brother began co block THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY CALLS FOR A REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE’S CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION The basic human right to life, liberty andthe pursuit of happiness guaranteed in the present American Constitution has and still is being refused to Black and other op- pressed people. This present day Constitution tends to apply only to those who hold a ‘superb posi- tion’’ in this soclety (those fil- thy rich businessmen and ‘‘fork*’ tongued politicians) excluding ex- some of the blows. The pig re- ported that the youth beganto fight him back and make threatening movements toward him, Ar this point, the Black pig drew his gun and (he reports)he losthis balance after backing into the car; and shot the brother in his face kill- ing him instantly. The pigs then called the Homo- cide Division andreported that they had found a body In an alley on the West Side, The other pig (White) declinedto make any state- ment. He did, however, agree with the other pig up to the point of when the brother was asked our of the pig car In the alley. Both pigs were released after so- called extensive questioning on $5000.00 bond each, What if a brother had ‘‘ACCI- DENTALLY* shot 4 pig??? The community should have control over these So-called public ser- vants, Do you know any Earl How- ards in your city who just seem to be ‘‘accidentally’’ shor up by these pigs? THE FASCIST PIGS PEOPLE DEATH TO ALL POWER TO THE clusively the poor and oppressed, The Constituion and the laws of the land serye the interest of those who control this society and not those being controlled, In fact, these controllers are the great, great grandpiglets of the racist foul hogs who wrote the mess. Where they got the auda- city to pull this jive on the peo- ple must lie beneath the mud they wallow in. They (the pigs) actual- ly expect the people to respect laws that do not respect us. To do that would be to willingly ac- cept injustice, This we must not and will never do. If we are to remain in this country we will need laws, Laws ly | that respect us all, that serve our interest and guarantee our human rights. Realizing this along with the actual condition here, the Black Panther Party calls for 4 “Revolutionary People’s Consti- tutional Convention,” for the pur= pose of writing 4 Constitution that is relevant to us all and is ru- ly of the people, for the people and by you the people. ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE Gerald Wood Washington, D.C, Chapter Black Panther Party JIMMY LEE JAMES 0.C, ALLEN JAMES WAGNER Inside the double gares of Cali- fornia “Correctional _Insti- tutions"’,..known to the masses of people as concentration camps or pig pens, ultra capitalism, ultra racism, andultra injusticereigns. Within the walls of Soledad the contradictions are quite clear, Demarcation lines are definitely drawn between the pigs and the people, The heightening of the con- tradictions have become so Strong, the walls are beginning ‘to vibrate with the frustrating ten- Sions on the verge of explosion. The proclaimed purpose of any institutionalized pig pen Is to re- habilitare or resoctalize the bro- thers who find themselves within their decadent walls, For the bro- thers this can only mean to pas- Sively accept the conditions the masses are faced with daily... Poor housing, high prices, low- paying or often times non-existing jobs and of course the continual genocidal attacks on our com- munities by the local fascist arm of this society...the pig. The characteristics of this fas- cist country {s manifested in the Programs and attitudes of the guards and administrators who act as "'keepers of the law’’, In many State institutions, inmates are JESSE LEE PHILIPS WAYMON HALL WALTER WATKING ROOSEVELT WILLIAMS ALFRED DUNN JOHN WASHINGTON J.C, SHEFFEDL WALTER JOE WATSON vanes pa? rary! ryarre TEMTTV CIAITIAG ‘THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 7 “DOC” THE SOLEDAD 15 NEXT VICTIMS OF POLITICAL FASCISM forced to make clothes, shoes, jewelry, handbags, etc. which are re-tagged and sold on the outside for a large profit for the state. Products the inmates make themselves are sold at four times the value In little stands within the prisons, The inmates receiv- ing only a part of the profit. This is just one example of man's ex- Ploitation of man on a lower level. Exploitation on the one hand and harassment and brutalization on the other are emphasized andcon- doned. Tensions build to a cli- max 4s the guards perpetuate ra- cism, produce these same at- titudes and instigate any and all conflicts between inmate and guard and inmate and inmate, After an instigated fight between Chicano and White, or Black and the Chicano... brothers are shipped out left and right with no warning or notice, The con- stant harassment by the fascist guards who show no concern nor respect for the brothers human rights are enough to make any man go insane, especially when the pigs start messing with his mail and his visits from family and friends, Already In the pig pen for trumped-up charges, and BUSSING PROGRAM TO SOLEDAD PRISON Prisons are nothing more than concentration camps for the thou- sand of brothers who are incar- cerated throughout this country. The pig officials, in their attempt to prevent brothers from commu- nicating with the outside world, make certain that the brothers are imprisoned In distant places, or they shortstop letters from them to someone on the streets. The pigs mainly do this In order to destroy the brothers’ faith in the masses of the people and to keep them unaware of what's hap- Pening in this decadent country. Recent attempts to railroad brothers vocal in their demands for humane treatment while with- ing their fascist walls further clarify the need for contact with the masses on the outside. The Black Panther Party, in moving forth co fulfill the basic 08 and desires of oppressed ople, have initiated a free buss- Program which provides chap to prisons for those "people having loved ones who are Prisoners in these fas- prisons. On Sunday, August approximately forty persons a in the Black Panther te, dad State Prison, The bus left Los Angeles at 3:00 a.m. and ar- rived at Soledad about 8:15 a.m. At this time breakfast was served, and after eating, the people visited the brothers until 3:00 p.m, After visiting hours were over, every- one returned to the bus and had dinner, While riding back, the peo- ple relaxed, ate snacks, read the Black Panther Party newspaper, and talked about their exchange of information with the brothers held there, The question of success is never raised--success {s measured by the response of the brothers who share precious moments of com- munication. with their loved ones, The political prisoners atSole- dad said, ‘‘right on’’, to the free bussing program and that they think it is a beautiful program. To thepolitical prisoners atSole- dad we say “right on” and we will continue to have free bussing pro- grams uni] the wall of these fas- cist prisons come tumbling down, FREE ALL POLITICAL PRISON- ERS BLACK PANTHER PARTY So, California Chapter constantly being given unjust sent- ences, brothers face additional cases of assault to murder. Bro- thers considered too vocal or friendly finds themselves in the hole incommunicado with no pri- vileges. They're at the mercy of a superintendant, who can let them out or keep them in for any length of time. There’s now 15 brothers from Los Angeles county who are being held in the hole in the old wing of Soledad, They are under sus- picion for the murder of a guard in the North side (the last inci- dent which took place within this dungeon), These brothers are given no change of clothing, no shoes, no privileges, no deo- dorant, no toothpaste, no exercise, with the exception of a ten min- ute shower every five days, The “*hole’* is a small 7 X 5 cell in ‘which they are locked up 24 hours andsometimes even the lim- ited communication between each other Is prohibited. All their pro- perty has been taken away and they are harassed constantly by the D.A, and prison administra- tors to take lle-detector test. On Tuesday, August 4th, this attempted railroading was ex- Posed, aS an anonymous letter reached the mother of one of the 15 brothers. Mrs. Bessie Phil- Ups of 600S, Bullis Rd, inComp- ton, California decided to call upon the Black Panther Party for help, This started a chain of events, culminating in efforts to contact the families of the other brothers, Attempts have been blocked and sometimes aborted, but slowly the parents and love ones have been notified and warned of this latest plan to snuff out the lives of some strong rev- olutionaries, The brothers, spirits lifted by the efforts made on the outside to stop this judicial hang- ing, have intensified their resist- ance by calling for ahunger strike, Presently being held incom- municade are; (Although the witnesses said he wasn't inside when the shooting occurred, he was still sentenced to Ufe in prison,) O,C, Allen, 25 years old, was due for parole three weeks ago, instead was thrown into the hole, Waymon Hall, 22 years old, was sentenced for so-called strongarm robbery, Roosevelt Williams Jr., 27 years old, victim of the courts on a so- called robbery charge, Jimmy Lee James, 23 years old, although he JERRY COLEMAN LA FRANCE WHITE JEROME MILLER had @ alibi witness, who testi- fied he was sick at the time of an alleged robbery, was convicted and sentenced to one to life in prison, Jerry Coleman, 23 years old, is being held on an armed robbery charge. Other brothers being held are Alfred Dunn, J. L. Sheffedl, LaFrance White, Jerome Miller, Walter Joe Watson, John Washington, Walter Watkins and James Wagner, They sit locked up for twenty- four hours while the fascist dogs are attempting to concoct a case, exposing to the people once again the states goal of genocide for all oppressed people. They are victims of the ‘‘death raffle’ that has attempted to rip off other revolutionaries. It is time to pull our brothers from the depths of those dingy holes to the light of freedom and revolution. Ir istime to strike out against all lackeys, pigs and fools who stand in our way and to fight for liberation and freedom of all Black and op- pressed people, LIBERATE THE SOLEDAD 15 FREE ALL POLITICAL PRISON- ERS BLACK PANTHER PARTY So. California Chapter ‘THE BLACK’ PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 8 THE PENTAGON... THE BABYLONIAN WAR MACHINE... THE MILITARY- ECONOMIC POLITICAL FOUNDATION OF THE AMERICAN EMPIRE -_—_—_— > & See THE PE The Pentagon is in a profound State of anxiety, rage and fear, They realize thar no war machine can = but for so long - survive in the face of defear on the barrle field, an economy that {s suffering from 4 recession (bottom falling out) and inflation (top blowing off); bitter racial animosities and class antagonisms exploding in the nation, rebellion within the mi- litary ¢Stablishment, e ., We are witnessing the dissolu- tion and collapse of the **Ameri- can empire’, We are witnessing the beginning of the end, However to think for one moment that the “American empire’’ will simply crumble and fall without the rulers of that empire attempting to pre- Serve its existence by taking what- ever maniscal steps that it might deem necessary is an inexcusable folly that will in effect result in sheer reactionary sulcide, At must be fully understood thar to deprive any imperialist nation its ability to wage successful wars is equivalent to depriving it of its very existence. This is ally true In the case of America; for its entire economy is based upon the production of goods for military purposes, A brief explanation may help in * gaining some understanding of this state of affairs...The *'Baby- » Jonian War Machine” is far more than simply the military es- a es 7 ~ - Yat ——/ / . : ~ —_— + EEE NTAGON tablishment...Far more than simply that...The “Babylonian War Machine" is in fact the most colossal and blood-thristy Ogre that ever stalked the planet, not only militarily, but also economi- cally. Militarily the Legions of Rome, Attila the Hun, the Mon- golian hordes of Genghis Kalin, and the Nazi “Blitzkrieg” army, look Uke peace demonstrations compared to the ‘*Babylonian War Machine’ and economically its wealth would make the Pharoahs of Egypt, the Sultans of Baghdad, and the Popes of the Vatican, look like welfare reciplents.,.The Baby+ lonian War Machine is the mi- litary-economic-political founda- tion of the American empire.,,tt is a nucleus of power, made up of an interlocking network of “super-rich'’ industrialists, and financiers, powerful politicians and the military establishment which constitutes its backbone and singularly most powerful com- ponent part, Attheir command and disposal is the entire economic wealth of the nation in the form of land, natural resources, the means of industria! production, utilities, transportation facilities and human beings. To serve in carrying out thelr ends, they em- ploy 4 vast array of smaller politicians, businessmen, bureau- crats, advertising men, public relations personnel, lobbyists, writers, journalists, technicians, Scientists, labor unions, large sections of the working class, S0- called educators and clergymen and others, At the apex of this pyramidal Structure {is an aggregation (amount; number) of the most fiendishly diabolical, paranotd, power - crazed and murderous beasts assembled in the annals of history. In terms of military might and destructive capabili- tles they have surpassed the wildest dreams that ever danced in the depraved mind of Adolf Hitler. They have at their disposal every conceivable im- plement of human destruction, They have ih fact already em- ployed everything from handguns to lethal nerve gas to gigantic flame-throwers to the Atomic bomb and if they deem its use necessary they have multiple war head intercontinental ballistic missles and the hydrogen bomb. They have In four years unloaded more bombs upon a small Asian nation (Vietnam) than all those dropped in Europe during World War II, and they have massacred over a million human beings in that same country in less than a decade. They are dedicated to the proposition that ‘‘might makes right’ and that any person, group or nation that resists the imposi- tion of thelr will upon them should be purged from the planet. They are totally devoid of any sense of human compassion or moral con- sciousness, Immediately beneath them Is a group of yampires - disguised as human beings - who have amassed unimaginable wealth by way of merciless plunder, ruthless ex- Ploitarion, vile treachery and deceit and the shameless enslave- ment of entire nations of people, An insatisfiable lust for wealth constitutes their reason for being, and being has no meaning without wealth, They evaluate all that exists in terms of profit and loss, whatever need done to maximize profits and minimize loss, they will not hesitate to do, They look upon all humanity and and be all the universe as existing solely for their exploitation, Re- gardless how horrendous and despicable 4 crime might be if it brings them profits, it is not only justified but noble and praise- worthy, They have at their dis- posal all of the advantages of modern technology to assist them in thelr endless quest for wealth. Together these two groups re- present the absolute epitome of evil . They are the leaders of the military establishment and the “super rich’’ capitalists of America, Right after World War II they decided to form an alliance for the purpose of facilitating the at- tainment of their individual and mutual ends, namely; world mili- tary and economic domination. As a result of many complex and in- teracting domestic and inter- national developments of social, political, and economic origin, their alliance has become solidified to such an extent that their interests are now in- extricably intertwined, one cannot exist withour the other, The "‘super-rich’’ capitalists by way of experience realized thar the greatest profits were made during times of war; they concluded that if a state of permanent war could be maintained there was Irerally no limit to the wealth thar could be accumulated, They therefore dedicated the grearer part of pro- duction to supplying the needs of the military market, The military establishment in its turn was busy provoking wars, creating training and supplying armies in the neo- colonized countries in Asia, Mrica, and South America, at- tempting to suppress revolu- onary movement throughout the world; the maintaining of over 3,500 U.S, military installations in foreign countries and 6,500 at home, with 4 standing armed forces of 3,5 million men; staging coups and over-throwing what they define as being ‘‘communist backed governments’’ among count- less other things. In order to carry all these operations out the "U.S, Defense Department” has 4n annual budget of over 80 billion dollars (almost half the national budget), Since war is the ne- cessary pre-condition for the justification of maintaining and further developing the military budget and establishment, the mi- litary establishment makes cer- tain chat there will be a war going on somewhere in the world from which the military andthe "‘super- capitalists’’ can profit .Sim- plistically put, the astronomical profits are made by thispro- cedure: Military goods are manu- factured, These goods (everything from boots to bombers to enormous weapons systems like the 4,5.M, and M.LR,V. to space ships) are expendable In nature, that is, they are made to be destroyed and then made again and destroyed and made again ina perpetual cycle, Some of the goods are sold to foreign countries, where they are destroyed in armed conflicts or training and then re- placed. Other military goods and equipment become obsolete as a result of new technological advancements, when this happens they are replaced with more advanced equipment (l.¢. over 20 billion dollars has been spent building missles that become out- dated before use), Each step of the manufacturing, transpor- tation, sale, advertising etc, of the countless military goods made and all the parts needed to make them, results in instant profits being made by the capitalists who control it, The profits are instant because the manufacture of military goods is paidin advance through Defense Department con- tracts; they in many cases make extra profits by declaring cost- overuns.. That is stating that the original sum received for what- ever reasons given ~ wasn't enough to fill the contract (Le, General. Dynamics receivedthe contract to manufacture 2,726 F-111 fighter jets for 5,5 billioa dollars, because of so-called cost overuns,is now up to 7.5 billion, Lockheed recelved the contract for the grand C-SA transport jet for 2 billion, now the contract is up to abour 4 billfon). All of this is done in the name of stopping “communist aggression’’. The money for it comes out of the pockers of the masses by way of eyec rising taxes. The dynamics, causes, methods and history of this phenomenon are far more ex- tensive and complex than the brief illustration offered here of course. This phenomenon has been termed ** Pentagonism"', The vehicle used to carry it out is the ‘‘Baby- lonian War Machine’’. Brother Huey P. Newton, Min- ister of Defense of the Black Panther Party correctly defined Power as being: ‘'the ability to define phenomenon and make it act in adesired manner,” Interms of its ability to do that- par- ticularly dominate, manipulate, own and Control~ the" Babylonian War Machine" is at this juncture the most sinister, powerful force in the world, In a capitalist country of America’s magnitude a country where capitalism has not oaly developed to an unpre- cedented historical level, but has in fact gone berserk, power is measured in terms of wealth and to that extent the war machine has the greatest wealth, and that wealth is backed up by guns and bombs. The economy of the nation is based on the production of war goods. This is a warfare state. The Babylonian War Machine is the vehicle that propels the economy and the Pentagon sits in the driver's seat. The power of the Pentagon is far greater than that of the federal government, Contrary to popular belief the presidency of this foreign policy he, for part, relays orders to governmental agencies, instances he is not even. about certain foreign policy vities until after they have b initiated, and then he prese the situation to the pop Because of the prestige that attached to his office it is take for granted by the population ¢ the decision to make the : eminated from him, and that is exactly what the population is — supposed to think. He fs allowed to run the show domestically only — because he, in essence, consented to allow the forces of the Pentagon to determine foreign policy. John F. Kennedy was assassinated by the C.I.A, because he attempted to exercise too much power over foreign affairs. His successor Johnson knew exactly what his” Place was,,.and he stayed in it. The true rulers of the nation, the men who when push comes to shove make the crucial decisions, are _ for the most part unknown to the general population, And many of those who are well known are t thought of being as powerful as— they actually are, 7 Some of these groups and indl= viduals are the members of the — Joint Chiefs of Staff (Admiral Thomas Moorer, General Carle Wheeler and William West-" moreland of the Army and Gen= eral Join P. McConnell of the Air Force), Richard Helms; director of the C.I.A, and several other C.LA, and former C,L. men; certain key men inthe N.S,A, (National Securiry Agency) and D.LA, (Defense Intelligence A- gency); there are also several re~ tired high ranking military men who are now employed by large corporations. Working »hand and glove with — them are members of the Coun of Foreign Relations, and owners of the largest corporat: whose interests are for the part represented by the Chief ecutives of the corporations. __ There are 22,000 corporations: that are considered major dée- fense contractors aud there are. 100,000 corporations that are sub-— contractors, The top ten of this group received 11.6 billion dollars — in defense contracts in 1968:Gen- eral Dynamics; Lockheed; Gen- ecal Electric; United Aircraft; McDonnell - Douglas; American Telephone and Telegraph; Boeings Lint - Temco Vougnt; North A- merican Rockwell, and Genecal Motors. These toptenalsoemploy over 1,000 retired high-ranking military men whose main function is co act as advisers and facilitate getting defense contracts for the corporations. Other corporations whose roles are indispensible in the function- ing of the war machine are: Ford Motors, Standard Oil of New Jersey, Mobil Oll, Chrysler Corp, | 1.8.M., US, Steel, Dupont de Ne- mours (Dupont Corp.): R,C.A.: y Goodyear tire and rubber; Union Carbide Corp; Alcon; Dow Chemi- cal; Allied Chemical; Anaconda; and General Food Corp. Thechief banks are Bank of America, Chase Manhattan, and First : surance; John Hancock and - ““CETEWAYO”’ MICHAEL TABOR continued from last page Usht. The reason given for this THE PENTAGON... THE BABYLONIAN WAR MACHINE... THE MILITARY- ECONOMIC POLITCAL FOUNDATION OF THE AMERICAN EMPIRE large corporations are for the most part owned by families; all of the members of the various families are not policy makers; only the principle ones, (i.e. there are about 1,600 DuPonts but only a few of them are policy makers) The owners and executives of the large corporations also sit on the board of directors of corporations aside from their own, One example is Chase Manhattan Bank the board of directors includes the chairman of Standard Oil of Indiana; Metro- politan Life; Penn Central; A.T. and T.; U.S, Steel; General Foods Corp; the President of Anaconda and Allied Chemical and Standard Ol of New Jersey. Some of the owners of large corporations; executives; govern- ment officials; politicians and other members of the Pentagon power structure are; Nelson Rockefeller, governor of N.Y. David Rockefeller, Chairman of the Chase Manhatten Bank; James Stillman Rockefeller President of First National City Bank; Henry Crown; owner and Roger Lewis president andchairman of General Dynamics; James Roche, Chair- man of General’ Motors; J. K, Jamieson President of Standard Oil of New Jersey, General David Sarnoff Chairman of R.C.A,, Se- cretary of State William Rogers; Henry Kissinger Presidential ad- visor, John N, Mitchell Attorney General; Secretary of Treasury David Kennedy; Chairman of the House Armed Services Com- mittee M, Rivers, Chairman of the Senate armed services com- mittee Jolin Stennis; McGeorge Bundy head of the Ford Founda- tion; Robert McNamara President of the World Bank; and of course President Nixon to name a few, Robert McNamara deserves particular mention. McNamara trantferred from the Presidency of Ford Motors in 1%0 to become Secretary of Defense under the Kennedy Administra- tion. His principle task was to Systematically structure and Streamline the Babylonian War Machine and he did precisely thar, He coordinated the activities of the numerous component parts of the machine, In order to achieve greater efficiency; he also cen- tralized these activities in the Pentagon, The forces of Pentagonism are extremely desperate at this point quite simply because the Baby- Jonian War Machine has gone berserk, Like Dr. Frankenstein's ‘monster it has become uncon- trollable and {s in the process of devouring itself, those who created it, and the people of the world, “This state of affairs is the re- sult of numerous complex and in- that have developed and developing with such in- tensity thar the forces of Penta- gonism now see their empire crumbling beneath them. The developments that have transpired were Inevitable; that had in fact been predicted by many over 50 years ago, However owing to an insatiable lust for wealth, compounded by political ineptitude and short-sightedness the rulers of the “‘American empire’ were unable to foresee these develop- ments, and if they did see them they were certain that they could contain and control them, As 4 Spanish philosopher put it, ‘‘those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat their mistakes"’ and this is clearly whattherulers of the American empire failed to do. They refused to recognize that the ‘*Freedom Train’’ cannot be derailed, Revolutionary wars of national liberation all over the world have gained unstoppable momentum. From the islands of the Phillipines to the swamps of Indo- China, to the tropical jungles of Africa, and arid deserts of the Middle East; to the tin mines of Bolivia the peoples revolutionary liberation forces are adminis- tering devastating death blows to the neo-imperialist puppet re- gimes that are backed by Ameri- ca, The most devastating blowhas been delivered by the Vietnamese people directly to the *’Babylon- fan War Machine this blow has reverberated around the world countless times and with each trip its Impact becomes more devas- tating for it has served to inspire and stimulate revolutionary movements throughout the world. Maintaining a permanent state of war is a necessary condition for the forces of Pentagonism to profit, but it is equally necessary that those wars be contained to a pre-determined level. Although the Incredible advantages of modern technology has enabled American industry to reduce some of its dependency upon raw ma- terfals from Third World coun- tries. With each successful re- volutionary struggle in the third world; America finds itself cut off from spheres of influence; sources of cheap raw materials; areas of investment; cheap labor; markets for their military equip- ment; and other advantages, One of the priorities on the list of revolutionary governments is to nationalize the economic holdings that the imperialists have in their countries. When the revolutionary government came co power in Libya in 1969, the first thing they did was to force the British and the Americans to close down their military bases inthat country, and put the personnel they had there on the first thing smoking back home, The fact that America closed down the enormous Wheelus Air Force base in that country is significant, for it underscores the fact that the powers of the Pentagon are up- move given by the administration was that closing the base down was part of the cut in the military budget; bur the true reason for the withdrawal was that the re- volutionary government in Libya threatened to nationalize the oil properties owned by Ameri- can oil companies. Libyan oil wells pump out 3,000,000 barrels per day. If it were not for the fact that the Babylonian War Ma- chine {s tled down in Indo-China and the explosive situation that exists in the middle-east, the Babylonian War Machine would have rolled on that country, As soon as the objective conditions are favorable if the revolutionary government stays in power and remains revolutionary, they will undoubtedly rip-off the oil com- panies, Last week the revolu- tionary government in Algeria nationalized the ofl holdings of Royal Dutch Shell which is the largest corporation in Europe and its American affiliate Shell Oil is the 16th largest corporation in this country. Algeria alsoripped- off the holdings of Phillips Pe- troleum, the 38th largest cor- poration in this country, The vic- tory of each revolutionary Struggle also enhances the strength of the socialist camp led by the People’s Republic of China, which is this country’s most dreaded foe. Like all machines and power mechanisms the Babylonian War Machine Is only as strong as its weakest part, and its weakest part is its domestic scene. Despite the mounting international con- tradictions the Babylonian War Machine could roll on for some time if it were not for its domestic crisis, The forces of Pentagonism have attempted to create a calm andstable domestic situation by buying off the indus- trial workers with higher wages and greater fringe benefits and implanting {n thelr minds an Ir- rational and paranoid fear of com- munist invasions. And they have atrempted to buy off Black people and other minorities with anti- poverty-funds and by passing sham civil rights laws, among other things, Their efforts to buy off Black people was doomed to backfire by nature, Instead of buying the masses of Black people off, they have triggered a potentially ca- tastrophic force manifested inthe new style Black Liberation move- ment led by the Black Panther Party. Added to this the war in Viet- nam and the uncovering of at- rocities committed against the Vietnamese people has been In- Strumental in alienating a signi- ficant number of white youths from the American system, and gen- erating rebellions on the college campuses from coast to coast, America now finds itself con- fronted with a revolutionary force in the mother country that has displayed a high degree of re- yolutionary know how and can do, The Weathermen are creating a Stormy climate in the mother country. And ff that wasn’t bad enough the economy is having its top blown off and its bottom falling our in the form of inflation and re- cession. The unemployment rate now stands at 5% and before the year is over it will hir6% at least, This situation has led to demands for more jobs even higher pay and strikes by the working class, In a frightened and frenzied at- tempt to establish order in the house; the forces of Pentagonism; like a rabid mad dog is biting everything in sight; they have un- leashed the repressive forces of the Babylonian War Machine upon the nation full steam ahead, The top forces of Pentagonism have taken over domestic affairs in all but name, The critical de- cisions affecting the domestic Situation are now eminating our of the Pentagon, THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 9 Their crazed endeavours to keep the roof from caving In have already included, putting feeble minded, panic stricken pigs in the U.S, Supreme Court to In- terpret the constitution - which has always been repressive - in such a manner that fascism has been ushered in upon the stage of American history according the so-called American demo- cratic processes, the local, state and federal police agencies greater funds and more modern weaponry - automatic rifles, tunks; etc, The activities of these agencies have also been brought under greater centralized control, The staunch Pentagon fun- ctionaries in Congress and the fascist legislation after another, and they are just warming up, Those in the administration who are critical of government policy are being fired and replaced with pigs of definate right-wing men- talities; new agencies are being created for the purpose of bringing government operations under greater Pentagon centralized con- trol, An example of this {fs the new department of budget and management, They have unleased an attack upon those of the mass media who they consider to be too critical of government policies and their so-called opponents in congress and the senate, They are intensifying their program of genocide against Black people and other domestically colonized min- orities with special emphasis upon the Black Panther Party. They are indicting, arresting and convicting revolutionaries and al] who oppose their insane activities on false conspiracy charges and also openly shooting them down in the streets. They have heightened their attempts to win even Stronger support from the white working class by further ex- Ploiting their trrational and de- praved racist attitudes and thelr imbecilic patriotic sentiments; thereby further condirioning them to accept and condone allgovern- ment actions regardless of how barbaric and adverse to their true needs they may be. Like the de- privation of all civil liberiles; higher taxes and the extermina- tion of Black people, These and numerous other steps have al- ready been taken by the Pentagon. Fascism {is a reality in Ameri- ca at this very moment and the tragic truth of the matter and the reality of the situation is thar things are going to get alot worse before they get any better, What has gone down thus far is but a mere dress rehearsal. The real show hasn't really begun. Yes, we are watching the fall of the American empire, however in thelr maniacal efforts to hold on to that empire the rulers of it will not hesitate to drag all of humanity into utter oblivion, As we engage In futile dialogue over whether we should be vio- lent or non-violent, stab each other in the back; vainly hope that Black capitalism will better our economic plight; look to powerless and treasonous Black politicians as a vehicle of positive change; shout pleas of mercy to a mystical dubious force in the sky; plunge into poisonous bags of scag; extoll the beauty of Blackness; scream I'm Black and I'm proud" do the funkey chicken to & Motown beat; murder-mouth about what you gonna do; say “right on'’ and remain ‘turned off’; the Ogre of Fascismrapidly devours us, The powers that be have de- creedtharthe only nigger is adead nigger, We are being extermin- ated in a thousand and one different ways, and the pigs are making no distinctions between niggers who wear afros and dashika's andthose who wear their hair near bald and Brooks Brothers suits. Being Black in America or negro has become a crime punishable by death. The only thing that the pigs of the Pentagon haven't done is to run us wholesale Into the gas chambers, and thar is. forth- coming. Can you dig being pro- cessed into a ‘Black Lampshade''? The question is not whether you like or dislike violence, The question {§ not whether you think you will win or lose, The question is do you want to live and if you want to Live, you must equip yourself with the necessary ideological, organizational and material tools to ensure your sur- vival namely; a realist and cor- rect political perspective, aunited front, and military equipment, if you think for one moment that you can save yourself by being peace ful and cool forget it, cause the name of the game ifs ‘’tag"’ and you are ‘‘it’’, Recently in Macon, Ga, the Black community de- manded better housing, schools, hospital service; a stop to police brutality and such, The white racist, sadistic Mayor R, Thomas replied by issuing ‘‘shoot to kill’ orders to his police force and stated that he would arm and de- putize 1,000 white citizens, The revolutionary people of the world are hip to the fact thar the only people really capable of de- Stroying the “Babylonian War Machine"’ and the wicked Ameri- can empire are those who live in the heart of it, and the pigs of the pentagon know it too, Like the oppressive, morally decadent and power crazed Babylon of old, its modern day descendent capitalist America will perish, it was con- demned from birth, but the righteous people of this nation must not be allowed to perish with the pigs. The only way we can survive {s to create a society based upon love, human dignity and mutual prosperity. We must unite and collectively destroy the pigs of the Pentagon, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE SEIZE THE TIME Michael ''Cetewayo"' Tabor N.Y, 21 DEATH 10 THE FASCIST PIGS NE THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 10 FELLOW BROTHER INMATES OF WEST GREYSTONE SALUTE OUR FALLEN BROTHERS! On Saturday, August 15th, Memorial and Funeral these brothers. We were also showing due respect to these highly courageous brothers who died attempting to liberate thein- selves as well as the Soledad Brothers, We did not eat the noon meal that many did not Also we requested that the radio be turned off that afternoon during the day, funeral (1-4p.m.). These brothers think of Services were held in Oakland for brothers Jonathan Jackson and William Christmas who were killed in a gun battle with the fascist police after liberating themselves from a Marin County courtroom, Saturday, brothers in jail houses all over the state of California and in many other jail houses across the coun- try, paid due respect and tribute to laid down lives for a cause. We could surely sacrifice a so-called meal. We realize that some people only ‘*themselves”’ eat ‘‘all day’’. their and did not go along in showing this respect, This is understandable, although not justi- fiable. These brothers demonstrated a whole hell of a lot of heart in what they did. They deserved this tribute and symbol of respect, POWER TO OUR BROTHERS! POWER TO THE PEOPLE! INFORMATION CONCERNING THE KID- NAPPING OF JOHN CLARK, DEFENSE CAPTAIN, BALTIMORE CHAPTER, BLACK PANTHER PARTY Tis information concerning the kidnapping of John Clark, Defense Captain of the Baltimore Chapter of the Black Panther Party has been compiled to bring themasses of people up to date on the latest events concerning the kidnapping of our comrade awsy from the peoplehe loves and has vowed to serve. 1. Jolin Clark was kidnapped away from the people on July 30, 1970, This 1970 act of slave catching was carried out and could only be carried our with theaid and assistance of Donald Pomerleau, and his racist 2, lt has been established that the scurvy pigs. kidnapper had been in Baltimore for over two weeks and had planned his method of kidnapping with the collusive help of the Baltimore pigs. 3, Ar this time, the Baltimore city pigs have yet to prove the slave catcher Valdez ever properly iden- tified himself other than by name and other than to say he had come to take John Clark to California on a still unclear charge of burglary. 4. The very factthat the Baltimore pigs helped in aiding this kid- papper take John out of the legal jurisdiction of Maryland 4nd to help him tnove to another states’ CORRESPONDANCE FROM JAIL “FROM ROMAINE “CHIP” FITZGERALD THE NATURAL AND SOCIAL PHENOMENA OF DEATH I I z — liberation is aborted, There are two causes of death, natural death and social death, Natural death is the Inevitable evolutionary result of the new per- SS petually replicing the old—achild **Chip’’ Panther Political Prisoner on Death Row Brothers, sisters, and revolu- tionary comrades, our struggle for national liberation requires sacrifice. A subordination of individual interest to the collec- tive interest of the masses, We are representatives of this collective interest and responsi- ble to their needs and desires. Our present situation dictates what is necessary for the trans- formation of an oppressed society to a liberated society. Our uncom- promising stance must not be made passive or cowardly by in- timidation of death by the fascist imperialist mother country, Historically the slave master has always indoctrinated the slave with fear of death--the slave master’s consequence for any assertive struggle for freedom. The phenomenon of death was and/ is given a sinister of fright- ful distorted definition, Because of the mental fixation (indoctri- nation) perpetrated by the slave master, whenever Black people think in terms of or see death it terrifies the fantasies andima- gination of the unknown, he taught and ingrained into our minds, thus John Clark, Political Prisoner born today will die of old age tomorrow. Social death is the un- fortunate results of man's rela- tionship to his énvironment, including other men. The term social death means untimely or accidental death caused by the external environment; for exam- ple, famine, Improper health con- ditions, exposure to extreme heat or cold etc, Natura] death is In- evitable and unavoidable. Social death is not natural or inevitable but determined by objective con- ditions, We can regulate or elim- inate social death at our own dis- cretion. So death can be defined in terms of natural (internal phy- siological) phenomenon or social (environmental) phenomenon, We must guarantee an end to social death. The Black Panther Party is in a very fragile position in relation~- ship to the oppressors ability to subject us to social death, We, the fighters for liberation, driven by the urge to be free, are the destructive clog in the fascist State apparatus and exploitation. Our primary concern Is to edu- cate the oppressed masses, destroy the mental fixation and myths of our tormentors” invinci- bility. The Black Panther Party is a manifestation of Black people’s self-determination to purge from society social death-- the effect of capitalism, However, the immediate result of struggle between the have and have-nots, oppressed and the oppressor or national liberation against nation- al colonization will be social death (there can be no progress without struggle and sacrifice) the end result will be a society free of antagonistic contradiction. The possibility of death is considered but it is not the determining fac- tor in our practice, If we accept the pigs’ definition of death and fall to develop our own, then we are guilty of reacting to the op- pressors’ mental instrument of repression with emotionalism and irrationality, But the Black Pan- ther Party responds basing our practice on the highest interest and largest number of the masses. We are under the authority of the people. We must sacrifice. In order to live and be free we must be prepared to die. Bro- thers like General Dessilines of Haiti and Nat Turner are monu- legal jurisdiction while he still faces so-called legal proceeding in the state of Maryland is a clear violation of Maryland's state extradiction laws, S, John Clark's legal right to have his rights protected by benefit of attorney were denied with the help of the Baltimore city pigs. , 6. John Clark was moved from Maryland without being allowed to contact his family, friends, or law- yer to help him out of his predica~ ment. 7, At present, John Clark is being held in Los Angeles in jail, 3,000 miles from the place the slave catcher first kidnapped him, 8. At this time, John’s bail, if any, is unknown, We do know that once it is set, it will have to be delivered to a true bailboadsman in California, Along these samme mental landmarks and witness of victory over fear slave mentality, Brother Malcolm X refused to succomb fo intimi. dation of consequence becatise he demunded Black people must con- trol their own destiny by any — means necessary -- even the sa- erifice of his life, The revolu- tionary examples of Bobby Hut- ton, Spurgeon ‘‘Jjake’’ Winters, Walter ‘'Toure’’ Pope gives us a clear idological bearing as to — what must be done, Seventeen year old Jonathan Jackson (brother of Soledad 3, George Jackson) ang the three Black Prisoners of War — from San Quentin, is a manifes- tation of the times, Brother Jon political prisoners by any necessary was in fact an to free all oppressed people. people who evaluate only inte of quantity it was a failure. Loo ing at the dual nature of things, the revolutionary evaluates in terms of quality and quantity, The — quality of the Brothers’ practice, — the beauty, the uniqueness was the superiority of his love for @ people and their freedom, over the fascist judicial terrorists’ th of death. In revolution we we die -- WE NEVER SUB Thar is the victory, The Black Panther Party recog- nizes the struggle has advanced to a higher level. We are strug- gling for human rights--the prerequisite for self-determina- tion. Therefore, civil laws that aren't responsive or refuse to recognize the human laws of self- determination warrant no respect or adherence in our just struggle for national Hberation, We must Seize The Time! The Time bb Now! The reality of NOW dic-— tates the priorities and necessi- ties, Later for subjectivism, ego __ tripping, small group mentality and cliquism. And most important is TOTAL disregard! for the pa- per pigs’ threat of consequence, ; “Wherever death may surprise us it will be welcomed, provided that this, our battle cry reach some receptive ear, that another hand stretch out to take up wea- pons and that other men come for- ward to intone our funeral dirge with the Staccato of machine guns and new cries of battle and vic- tory.’’--Ernesto “‘Che"’ Guevara SEIZE THE TIME,,,NOWIII . BLACK PANTHER PARTY So. California Chapter : Romaine ‘'Chip"’ Fitzgerald (Political Prisoner of War) DENOMINATIONS TO BE SET A- SIDE FOR THIS BAIL, DONATIONS | SHOULD BE SENT TO: . BLACK PANTHER PARTY c/o Legal Defense 1248 North Gay St. ae In our struggle to free our peo- ple from the slave master, ( always be confronted with of repression, the slave c \ - DEATH TO/THE, FASCIT, BLACK PANTHER PARTY: Baltimore Chapter 9 | Black Cominu tity Informa 1248 North Gay St. 342-8536 Coates é Another vital and necessary level has been reached in the revolution- ary struggle in America, The people have clearly demonstrated that a point has been reached where they will no longer sit back and passively ac- cept fascist oppression under the guise of justice, 17 JONATHAN JACKSON Murdered by pigs When courageous brother Jonathan Jackson stepped off into a superior court in San Rafael, California, lib- erated brothers James McClain, Wil- liam Christmas and Ruchell Magee and demanded that the ‘‘Soledad Three”’ be set free, they letitbe known to the tyrants, who are sitting in the so-called high places of justice, that the time has come when the people refuse to allow any longer their des- tiny to be determined by laws, de- crees, and authorities that were made not to benefit them, but instead to con- tinually oppress them, The daring and courageous actions of these four brothers havemade it blatantly clear that the oppressed people are ready and willing to take whatever steps necessary in order that they may determine their own destiny in spiteof all of the oppressive laws, decrees and authorities. There is asaying, ‘“There are athou- sand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is striking at the root,’’ ‘These four revolutionary brothers, daredto strike a highly devastating blow to the fascist American judicial system which is one of the basic roots THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE u ANOTHER VITAL AND NECESSARY LEVEL HAS BEEN REACHED IN THE REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE IN AMERICA of the racist, imperialist system in the United States, This is the same corrupt, racist judicial system that Black people have been dragged before for centuries and accused, tried, and convicted of so- called crimes which have seldom amounted to anything more than some JAMES McCLAIN 37 Murdered by pigs sort of attempts to relieve or liberate themselves from the vicious clutches of a barbarically-inhumane, capitalist system, Quite naturally the lackeys and puppets of the’ ruling class have tried desperately to cover up and dis- tort the true revolutionary content 9 this genuine revolutionary action, But no matter how hard they may try to cover up or distort the truth, in the final analysis the facts will continue to speak loudly for themselves. These four brothers came right down front with guns in hand and right- eously ‘‘took’’ the initiative out of the hands of the oppressor and put it into the hands of the oppressed and while doing so they displayed the ut- most of courage. Skill is a factor in fighting strength; but it is definitely not the determin- ing factor, Courage is the decisive factor in fighting strength, the courage of daring to struggle and dar- ing to win victory. This is the type of courage that brothers Jonathan Jack- son, James McClain William Christ- mas and Ruchell Magee showedin con- Murdered by pigs fronting a cowardly, brutal enemy who had them completely out-numbered and out-armed but definitely not ‘‘out- maneuvered”’, The actions of these brothers were. a living example of the type of courage necessary to gain the intiative from an WILLIAM CHRISTMAS 27 RUCHELL MAGEE 31 Wounded by pigs oppressor. The courage of these bro-, thers demonstrated a highly developed revolutionary consciousness, A revolu- tionary consciousness of brothers who had been the unwarranted victims of the wanton oppression of the fascist so-called penal institutions combined with an uncompromising revolutionary consciousness of a beautiful young bro- ther with a_ whole lot of heart who sprang from a courageous new and arising generation that has shown with- out a doubt that they will no longer passively accept the mockery of justice as given out in the courts of America, These brothers took the revolution- ary struggle in America forward to a new level of struggle, a level that must never be retreated from, butfrom which we must diligently strive further ahead toward our ultimate goal of the total and complete annihilation and burial, of a decadent, racist, capitalistsystem. POWER TO OUR COURAGEOUS FALLEN BROTHERS! ALL. POWER TO REVOLUTIONARY SOLIDARITY! Collective of Revolutionary Solidarity West Greystone, Santa Rita A REVOLUTIONARY FUNERAL GUARANTEES THAT GUERRILLA GHOSTS WILL HAUNT THE REACTIONARIES REMINDING THEM OF THEIR GUILT, UNTIL By Tom Hayden Jonathan Jackson, William A revolutionary funeral proves to sacrifice everything for justice, often more real in death than WARRIORS AMONG THE LIVING TAKE THEIR ULTIMATE REVENGE profound company of fallen bro- Christmas and James McClain have been laid to rest inthe hearts and minds of the people. Two thousand revolutionaries, standing in the hot streets of Oakland outside Father Neil's church, pledged their lives in soli- darity with those who fell in Ma- rin, A new image had risen from the dead, an image (wrote George Jackson) of the Black Communist Guerrilla in the highest state of development, ‘with courage In one hand, and the assault rifle in the other’’. From the depths of O Wing at Soledad came the message; "We bury the body but embrace the ongoing spirit’’. the true life of a revolution, Ord- inarlly fear of death is the great- est too! of the master class.Ord- inarily death is the most fright- ening and depressing prospect be- fore a people. In the case of op- pressed people, death is only fur- ther proof that suffering is their permanent lot. Life is so bad, suffering so great, that people traditionally ure consoled during funerals by the hope of justice after death, But murderous oppression con- tains its own contradictions: gen- erations of misery eventually lessen the fear of death, and per- mit the coming of warriors willing This freedom from the fear of death is one of the greatest tools of the liberation movement. It was this freedom which dom- inated the Panther revolutionary funeral, The Party has taken the position that a slave who dies 4 natura] death cannot balance two flies on the scales of etern- ity . In this spirit Huey declared at the funeral that it is not for the dead that we should mourn, but for ourselves. ‘'They achieved freedom wille we remain slaves". The Panthers have achievedthe power to redefine life and death, Those who have fallen, still live through their examples. They are people who walk around the streets breathing, As in Vietnam, where countless streets, schools and factories are named after dead patriots, here the names of Bob- by Hutton, Bunchy Carter, John Huggins, Fred Hampton, Mark Clark and others are conferred on the people's parks and com- munity centers. Their sacrifices stir others: for example, those who bravely defended the Los An- geles office last December tell of gaining strength from photos of their dead comrades looking down from the bullet-ridden walls. The Panthers lve not only in the shadow of death, but in the thers and sisters. In a revolu- tionary movement, the dead are the most beloved members, The reactionaries have every reason to be terrified of a party which can hold revolutionary fun- erals, Through murder andterror the reactionaries would like to be able to forever forget the peo- ple they have exploited. But in- stead of Intimidating life, terror only fertilizes the sofl of revolu- tion. A revolutionary funeral guarantees that guerrilla will haunt the reactionaries, re- minding them of their gullr, until warriors among the living take thelr ultimate revenge, ONARY FLAG OF THE BLACK PARTY, THAT DRAPED OVER THE ‘OF OUR REVOLUTIONARY BROTHERS EULOGY DELIVERED BY HUEY P. THE JACKSON FAMILY HUEY DELIVERS EULOGY NEWTON. SUPREME COMMANDER, BLACK PANTHER PARTY, AT THE REVOLUTIONARY FUNERAL OF COMRADES JONATHAN JACKSON AND WILLIAM CHR ST. AUGUSTINES CHURCH, 27TH AND W ISTMAS pst STREETS, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA, AUGUST 15. 1970 While # ts viewed as a tragedy, and many would weep jor Jonathan Jackson and William A, Christmas, the Black Panther Party serves not- ice that i ts not brothers Jonathan Jackson and William A, Christmas for whom we should weep, They have ac- hieved freedom and we remain slaves. Uf we must weep let it be for those of us who remain in bondage. The Black Panther Party will follow the example that was set forth dy these courageous revolutionaries, The people refuse to submit to the slav- ery and bondage that is required in order for us to live ac few more years on the planet earth, LF THE PENAL- TY FOR THE QUEST FOR FREEDOM {S DEATH---THEN BY DEATH WE ESCAPE TO FREEDOM. Without freedom life means nothing. We have nothing to lose but our shack- les and freedom to gain. We have gathered today not only to give res- pect fo Comrades Jonathan Jackson and William Christmas, but also to pledge our lives to the accomplish- ment of the goals exemplified tn the actions of brothers Jonathan Jackson and William Christmas, THERE ARE NO LAWS THAT THE OPPRESSOR MAKES THA T THE OP- PRESSED ARE BOUND TO RESPECT, Laws should be made to serve peo- ple. Paople should not be made to serve laws, When laws no longer serve the people, it is the people’s right and the people's duty to free themselves from the yoke of such laws. Oppressed people in general, and Black people in particular, have suf- fered too long ond we must draw the line somewhere, There is a big dif- yence between thirty million un- eyvmed Black people and thirty million Black people armed to the teeth, We are not alone, We have allies everywhere, We find our comrades wherever in the world we hear the oppressors whip, People all over the world are rising up, the high tide of yevolution is bout to sweep the shores of America -- Sweeping away the evil gentry and corrupt officials, Our comrades Jonathan Jackson and William A, Christmas have taught us ec revolutionary lesson, They have in- tonsified the struggle and placed it on c higher level. A picture is worth a thousand words but action is supreme, Comrades Jo- nathan Jackson and WilliamA, Christ- mas have made the ultimate sacrifice, They have given the revolution their lives, “ALL POWER TO THE REVOLUTIONARIES!” “Al Power lo the Revolution- aries?’ “All Power to the People?’ “Death to the Pigs?’ These were the words of the people that come to the revolutionary services for Wil- liam A, Christmas and Jonathan P. Jachson, held at St, Augustine’s Church, Saturday, August 15, 1970. About 3,000 people stood outside St, Augustine's Church, They came to salute two revolultonaries, Rev. Karl Neil presided at the full dress Panther Funeral for the follen free- dom fighters, The people widerstand that these two Obrothers were “'Panthers’*--revolutionaries in the truest sense--in doth their spirit and their social practice, The words to ‘Seize the Time’’ (by Elaine Brown) played quietly in the background, ‘Well you believe it, my friend, that this silence can end, we'll just have to get guns and be men.’ (from ‘The End of Si- tence’) ‘Oh I heard the people say, what will you give in your woy? ! saw them turn, stop, listen to the people cry and say, Just a LIFE is all I got.** (from Assassination’) The Eulogy for William A. Christ mas and Jonathan Jackson was given by the Supreme Commander, Black Panther Party, Huey P. Newton, The people responded with “right on” as Huey said, ‘While it is viewed as a tragedy, and many would weep for Janathan Jackson and William Christ- mas, the Black Panther Parly serves notice that it is not brothers Jonathan Jackson and William Christmas for whom we should weep, They have achieved freedom and we remain slaves."’ ‘If wo must weep, let it be for those of us who remain in bondage."" Within the crowd, one sensed a determination; a determination that slavery would die with this genera- tion, and that humanity and its future would be founded on this determina- tion. At the conclusion of the services, the revolutionary flags that were draped over the casket were presented LETTER FROM POLITICAL PRISONERS AT SOLEDAD PRISON pigwa pe P, Newton: of the present knowledge that the funeral of the brother of anne George L, Jackson, Jonathan P, Jack- son, is due to be conducted in a man- ner befitting to a true revolutionary freedom fighter, Saturday, Awpust 15, 1970, we the following Black prisoners oes on 'O Wing*’ at Soledad pri- Warl L, Satcher Huego Pinell Edward Whiteside Madison Flowers — veapeied ere st our re te as expressed wishes that our namos be read at the brothers’ fimoral as being presented in full ceremonial revolutionary dress; in mind, body and spirit, And that these few words be said tn our behalf; as coming from every Black man in prison in the state of California, who may not know Broth- er Jonathan, but know wll his broth- er George: “Right oni...to the first Of a new breed of freedom fighters to ever tread on American soil in the his- tory of the United States. We bury the body, but embrace the ongoin, spirit of Jonathan Peter Jackson!* ALL POWER TO THE VANGUARD} to the families of these two warriors, A final salute to the people's revolu- tionary ‘‘warriors’’ and dispensers of revolutionary justice was given by the people as the func ral procession de- parted, The people have begun to relate to the courts for what they are-- the protectors and ‘‘justifiers’’-- abologists for the genocide and murder of Black and oppressed people, And they (the people) are also relating to the example set by these brothers as to how ‘‘the court of the people’’ must function at this time, They feel, as Eldridge Cleaver states, in **Con- versations with Eldridge Cleaver’’, (by Lee Lockwood) “The relationship between myself and the power struc- ture of the United States of America has been made crystal clear... They can call me their fugitive; [ call them my fuzitives, They want fo arrest me; I want to arrest them, They want to execute me; / want fo execute them,"”" Of the poor oppressed Black people in Babylon, their are millions of Jonathan P. Jacksons’, William A, Christmas’, and James McClains’. The 9,000 people from the community that attended the revolutionary services for these two brothers feel as Eldridge feels about this racist pig power structure, and they came last Satur- day to show that, and salute two rev- olutionaries. ‘IF THE PENALTY FOR THEQUEST FOR FREEDOM iS DBATH--THEN BY DEATH WE ESCAPE TO FREEDOM," All Power To The Peop! THE CHRISTMAS FAMILY 3000 People Attended The Revolutionary Service 2 if St) Panthers Carrying Casket of Jonathan Jackson Long Live The Revolutionary Spirit of Jonathan JACKSON and William CHRISTMAS A Salute To Two Revolutionaries “rt BLACK’ PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 14 TO THE PEOPLE REGISTRATION FORM FOR REPRESENTATIVES or INDIVIDUALS FOR THE REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE’S PLENARY SESSION Temple University Gymnasium Broad & Montgomery Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania September 5-7, 1970 UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTIFIED OF CHANGE CHECK-IN CENTER IS, CHURCH OF THE ADVOCATE, 18TH, & DIAMOND ST. CHECK-IN TIME STARTS FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 4th AT 12 NOON THRU SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5th, 4 P.M. PLENARY SESSION STARTS MOUNT VERNON, N.Y. SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 5th AT 7 P.M. The ruling _ class pigs of Mount Vernon are working overtime ar thelr fascist and . racist attempt in tricking the people of the Black colony. One of the first tricks used, ob- viously wastoplace three nigger (Mod squad) pigs in the heart of the Black community in order to stop the traffic of drugs. People open your eyes, have the drugs left the community? Quite thecon- tary, in fact, there has been a considerable influx of drugs inthe Black community on a much high- WE SUGGEST TO ALL PEOPLE, REPRESENTATIVES AND PARTIES OF ORGANIZATIONS TO ARRIVE EARLY AS POSSIBLE STARTING FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 4th,12NOON SO THAT EVERYONE CAN BE PROPERLY ASSISTED IN GETTING HOUSING AND OTHER NECESSARY INFORMATION THAT MANY THOUSANDS WILL NEED TO KNOW FOR THE DURATION OF THE PLENARY SESSION Please check all appropriate squares Cut along this line and Mail this section of the Registration I AM COMING TO THE REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S PLENARY SESSION. I WILL NOT NEED HOUSING ARRANGEMENTS. ©) I WILL NEED HOUSING ARRANGEMENTS. er level and the increase is now reaching near epidemic pro- portions. Wecan see very clear- Oo I WILL NOT NEED TRANSPORTATION. ly, that drugs are part and par- () I WILL NEED TRANSPORTATION. cel of this, racist capitalisticsys- tem, which places more emphasis on private property and dollars rather than relating to the value of human lives. Drugs are big money and the profits that are reiped from them are used to fill some ~ far pig's pockets and help him to. maintain his position of influence and power in the community, As we look around us we can also see that the drugs are serving another purpose which isthe systematic genocide (mass extermination) of our Black youth and to keep their knowkedge at a low level. The type of knowledge {5 necessary to expose the na- STREET ADDRESS........+++--> CITY ccc cs 0 STATE. cocccctcccccecscdiboocccccse ture of this decadent American _ Society andto struggle againstits = oppressive and exploitetive cap!- HOME PHONE...........+..-ORGANIZATION..........NON ORGANIZATION....--+++- talist system, Another trick being used ts that of the increasing crime rate in the City of Mount Vernon. As a result of this *so-called"’ increasing crime rate, the pigs here became the first city in Babylon to receive a grant of $30,000 to be used to install electronic sur- veillance equipment, This equipment will be located on Fourth Ave. which is located in the Black community, OTHER MEMBERS OF MY ORGANIZATION WILL ALSO ATTEND, HOW MANY? I WOULD LIKE TO ESTABLISH A CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION INFORMATION CENTER IN MY AREA, (IF THIS IS FOR AN ORGANIZATION ,PLEASE SEND NAME, ADDRESS AND OTHER PERTINENT PARTICULARS) PLEASE SEND REGISTRATION BLANKS, INFORMATION ETC. SO THAT I MAY AID THE PLENARY SESSION BY DUPLICATING AND DISTRIBUTING MATERIALS, LEAFLETS, POSTERS, BUMPER STICKERS ,ETC. I WILL ENCLOSE $ TO HELP WITH THE COST OF THE PLENARY SESSION. TREE PEC eee ee Pe ee PHONE(FOR ORG.).....+--++00++0 ADDRESS. wees e eee CITY. .ceee STATE...++0< a THE REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE’S CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION IS PROJECTED TO November4,1970, ELECTION DAY. LOCATION and PLANS WILL BE DEVELOPED at the PLENARY SESSION but this is the primary shopping area where all of the stores are owned by those who do not live in the communt!- ty. Therefore, all of the profits are being taken out of our community by’ greedy businessmen who live in such prosperous communities as Scarsdale, Bronxville, Larchmont and Rye. The pigs will install this equipment on all of the light poles. The equipment is weather proof and non-destructi- ble and will function 24 hours a day, A receiving room is being Installed at the local pig department where pic- tures will be received and allow the pigs to constantly ‘‘spy"’ Their big in- terest however, is not to protect lives bur, to protect the stores (private property) of those who exploit us every day. Since Fourth Avenue is the main shopping area Panthers andcommuni-— ty workers selling papers there will also be kept under constant surveil- lance, Lately, the fascist F,B,1 pigs have found it necessary to terrorize the Black community by asking the people ‘and ex-community workers about ‘what's going on up at the Panther office?’ Perhaps these sadistic per- verts wish to murder another Panther and say that members of the Black Panther Party did it (as they have our brothers and sisters in New Haven.) Panthers do not kill other Panthers only pigs kill Panthers. During the week of July 18-25th, a series of robberies were committed in MAIL THIS REG. FORM 10: BLACK PANTHER PARTY Wash,, D.C, Ministry of Infor. 2327 18th Street, N.W Washington, D.C, 20009 (202) 265-4418-19 National Headquarters Ministry of Information 1048 Peralta St, Ww. Oakland, California (415) 465-5047-48-49 the business areaof Fourth Avenue. The racist pigs worked over time in trying to pin these ‘'so-called’’ bur- glaries on the Black Panther Party, the people have judged us through our practice and they know that we will never committ any act or crime what- soever against the people, Our job Is to serve the people and educare by example through our programs { Liberation School, Free Lunch Pro- grams, Free Breakfast Program, Free Health and Medical Clinic, Commu- nity control of police, Etc.) The pigs have ‘never Liked any of our programs because they are based on socialism (sharing) and not capita- lism (exploiting), We started Libera- tion school at our office on Friday July 17, 1970 with a Free Lunch in- chided, Since that time, the pigs know that our children are being taught our true history and role in the present day society. They are taught Black His- Chicage Ministry ef Infermation 2350 W. Madison Chicage, Ill. (312 243-8276 tory and exercises (pu1ia strong bod- ies), play games and march, they sing revolutionary songs and yell "'Free Huey, Free Bobby, Free the N.Y, Panther 2], and free all political pri- soners’’, The pigs definitely do not relate to this and sometime around early Sunday Morning, July 26, 1970, some racist pig threw a huge rock threw the center of our office door. Glass was shattered all over the place, It was obviously thrown with the force of Mad man, Despite these foolish acts, our Libera- tion School will continue, We will not be intimidared by racists, pigs or niggers! Eddie Hull Black Panther Party Community Information Center Mount Vernon East Coast, Ministry of Infor. 1370 Boston Road Bronx, N.Y 11212 (212) 328-9911-9009 yo “ » ae oes ORL #9, sean ¥ OK ee ¥ P “ Ps ‘ + 4 oi “ THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21,1970 PAGE 15 . a Where is Freedom when a peoples right to ‘‘Freedom of Speech’’ is denied to the point of murder? When attempts at ‘‘Freedom of the Press’’ brings bombings and lynchings? Where is Freedom when the right to ‘‘peacefully assemble’’ brings on massacres? Where is our right to ‘‘keep and bear arms’’ when Black People are attacked by the Racist Gestapo of America? Where is ‘‘religious freedom’’ when places of worship become the scene of shoot-ins and bomb-ins? Where is the right to vote ‘‘regardless of race or color’’ when murder takes place at the voting polls? Are we free when we are not even secure from being savagely murdered in our sleep by police- men who stand blatantly before the world but yet go unpunished? Is that ‘‘,,,equal protection of the laws’’? The empty promise of the Constitution to ‘‘establish Justice’’ lies exposed to the world by the reality of Black Peoples’ existence, For 400 years now, Black People have suffered an unbroken chain of abuse at the hands of White America, For 400 years we have been treated as America’s foot-stool, This fact is so clear that it requires no argumentation, REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION PLENARY SESSION TEMPLE UNIVERSITY GYMNASIUM SEPTEMBER 9—/ PHILADELPHIA,P.A. — 4 — MME BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 16 REPORT ON THE TRIAL OF LONNIE McLUCAS AUGUST 12, 1970 MENTALLY DEFECTIVE PIG, GEORGE SAMS, LIEDON WITNESS STAND AGAINST LONNIE McLUCAS, BOBBY SEALE AND THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY IN GENERAL ~ j : . GS ¥ = > eS oe ee Miller testified that George Sams’s 1,Q, has jumped from 64 to 85 or above since the time he has been In jail (a period of one year), The defense questioned the pig doctor as to how he had reached these conclusions within a period of only two hours, How could a doctor objectively reach any kind of concrete and thorough concli- Sions about 4 mental patient in a two hour examination on 4 pa- tient as serious as had been des- eribed of Sams. To make tharkind of diagnosis, the pig doctor re- plied" it was enough there’, The < pig doctor admitted that in the past, Sams had been confined in ee three different institutions, and Lonnie McLucas, Political Prisoner Held by Fascist Pigs of Connecticut For over a month and a half, the pig press all over this coun- try has been printing their usual propaganda and Hes to the peo- ple in RE: To the trial of Lonnie McLucas and the New Haven 9, All of these lies have been per- petuated by Richard (Pig) Nixon, Hoover, Mitchell, Ahernetc.--the Same tools of the fascist ruling class, The same pigs who con- trol the media, also control what's happening inthe courtroom. Those same pigs are responsible for the press printing that Lonnis is 4 murderer, confusing the minds of the people. Those same pigs are responsible for the trial being held in a courtroom which seats only from 25 to 30 people. Thelr reason for doing this is so that they can keep the truth from the people. The pigs don’t want the people to enter the courtroom and $ee the mockery of justice that is constantly being displayed, A Black man is being tried for a crime which he did not commit, a crime which some Black lackey pigs has openly admitted, but yer the trial of the New Haven 9 and Lonnie McLucas continue to ride Straight through all the coastitu- tional riglits that all people are suppose to have, Bur then, that is the major contradiction of Amer- fean Democracy, The Black man has no rights guaranteed to him by the Constitution of the United States of America, Thar constitution only serves she pigs of the power structure, and it grants them immunity to all the crimes whict(they commit a- gainse the people. That is why we must re-write the constitu- thon of this country and make relevant to Black people and other oppressed people needs. Only a new constitution could serve as the basic weapon for issuing cor- rect justice in courts to oppress people, and certainly, the jails of this country would house the real criminals: definitely men like Hoover, Nixon, Agnew, Mitchell, Ahern, Rockefellers, Duponts and all the oppressors of the people. Lorsic’s rial is « perfect example of racist injustice. This week revealed the continuation of the pig plot oationally to try to discredit and destroy the Black Panther Party. Lonnie McLucas along with Chairman Bobby and the rest of the New Haven 9 are being railroaded down the rails of U.S, fascism, Every Black man, woman and child is subjected to being a victim of that railroad, elther one way or the other, Last week's trial began on Tuesday, August 4th, The states doctor testified that George Sams, the crazy pig that he is was sane, and was properly allowed to testify as a state's witness. What the pig press did not tell the people was chat this pig psy- chiatrist, Doctor Miller who is superintendent of the Fairfield Hospital is incompetent. The hos- pital thar he supervises, houses the so-called criminally insane, Dr. Miller's hospital has been accused of criminally assaulting patients, unexplained deaths have eccurred there, and in general, the hospiral is operated as a mad house with the so-called Dr. Mil- Jer’s being the mad men and not the brothers and sisters whohave been pot there by this insane so- ciety. So how could this pig psy- chiatrist Miller have any cred- ibility in judging another man, But history shows that pyschia- trists have always been used by the ruling class co suppress the people and their struggle. Hitler used psychiatrists to commit sane Jews to mental institutions in order to perpetuate genocide, The fascist US. government Is using the same tools of oppression and fascism to perpetuate genocide a- gainst Lonnie Mci.ticas, the New Haven 9 and all Black people tn particular, The pig psychiatrist testified thar he had been appointed by the state, The defense argued that we would like to have our own doec- cor. Of course, the pig judge over- ruled this, Miller said that Sams had never been declared ine anc and that his power to remenibes is excellent had been officially classed as a » dingerous mental defective, “a ¢ moron’’, and later, he was des- eribed as an Inmature, unstable Personality of border line intel- ligence, But now, according tothe psychiatrist (who works for the fascist state) George Sams has a warm attitude is co-operative and certainly possesses no tendencies of being hostile. In fascist Amer- ica as long as Sams was a threat to the society he was a crazy nigger, but now that he has be- come 4 too! of this fascist gov- ernment who have plans to com- mit genocide against Black peo- ple, Sams is warm and co-op- erative, he’s a good house nig- ger, who loves his master. The pig psychiatrist reached his con- clusions by saying that when he met Sams, Sams showed respect for his elders by offering him his chair, Miller said that showed thar in growing up Sams had learned respect for his elders and had learned to be co-operative. What @ fool Miller is, and what a racist he is, George Sams is a product of a racist society and coming from Mobile Alabama, he learned to stand up for the White man, And the co-operative--that Miller diagnosis, that is called bootlicking, George Sams is a bootlicking nigger, that's our diagnosis from the perspective of revolutionary psychiatry i.e. pig Miller needs to read Franz Fanon, Pig Miller played his role for the state, throwing out little lines that Sams had repeated to him, The defense argued, but as al- ways, the pig judge overruled mo- tions and bootlicking crazy nigger George Sams was allowed to tes- tify on Thursday. There was Wednesday, Thursday’s session of the trial was a carbon copy of all the historical experiences of Black people. The nigger who sells his peo- ple down the drain by lying and expecting favors from the mas- ter. George Sums entered die courtroom all dressed up in what looked like crumbs from the mas- ter’s table. He looked at Lonnie with an expression of hostile glee, quite a contradiction to what the pig psychiatrist had testified to on Tuesday thar pig George re- veals no hostile tendencies, He sat in the witness stand looxing at Lonnie and repeating by heart whar all the tapes had said. His coolness on the stand must have been contributed ro the mild tranquilizers that pig Dr. Miller talked about, The pig press never printed that in order for Sams to function half-way understand- no courr on ably, he bas to be drugged very heavily. In Sams testimony he did his best to try and make Lon- nile look bad, (Frances Carter had testified that Sams hated Lonnie) for the first time during the en- tire trial, George Sams said that Lonnie had poured hot water over the body of Alex Rackley, Sams tried to make it look as if he was horrified at the con- ditions of Alex Rackley (when the pig limself had ordeced and car- ried out almost all of the torture), He sald to sooth the pain of Alex he had poured cold water upon his body. George Sams has been plainly programmed by the pig Structure, it’s because of this that he contradicted his own original statement and those of the pigs who have testified, including Lo- retta Lukes, George Sams was such a brutal person, Loretta Lukes testified that he put a gun to her head, threatened to kill her, beat pregnant sisters in the stomach, so everything that he says Js irrelevant as far as creating conditions for the peo- ple to judge Lonnie McLucas and the New Haven 9, Sams was very dramatic in his testimony about the murder, It was clear that he is out to save his own brutal hide by crying to implicate Chairman Bobby, Sams lied by saying thar he received orders from Chairman Bobby to off Alex Rackley, He also threw In the name June Hilliard as one of the people pre- sent after talking about Alexbeing tortured, The fascist government of this country is trying to rid the Bleck Panther Party of irs entire leadership, and Pig Nixon, Hoover and all the rest of the scum will at every turn use any of its pre-planned fascist court scenes to try to implement Party leadership, George Sams is also trying to He abour members of the New Haven 9 hoping thar he can cause a split and weaken thelr spirits. Like art the trial he said that the New Haven Chapter suspected Brother Edwards of being a pig. Sams final act at the judicial circus was to involve the name of Attorney William Kunstler, The pig said that after he had given orders for Alex to be murdered, members of the Party split for New York. Where they went to Kunstler’s office who inturnfound overnight sleeping quarters at a friend of Kunstler’s home. The fascist government, in addition to perpetuating madness intrying to destroy the Black Pan- ther Party also is trying to re- press our attorneys and other al- lies. We all know how the pig Judge Hoffman in Chicago placed contemm charges on attorney Kunstler there in addition tociting Chairman Bobby for contempt also. Sams staged his most dramatic speech for last. He said that af- ter he received orders from na- tional to off Alex he then went to Chicago where he received or- ders to off Deputy Chairman Fred Hampton, The maniac said be- cause Deputy Chairman Fred and the Party was doing some work with the Afro-American Patrol- man Ass, (the only Black group of policemen who came out de- nouncing Pig Daley's outright murdering of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark) that Deputy Chair- man Fred's action were counter- revolutionary, He said that hehad been put under house arrest and bedten with a carbine. He said that he left Chicago (F.B.L agents didn’t recognize him) and moved on to Detroit, Where he then fled to Canada, There the pig working with all the fascists tried to de- vise a plot to discredit the Party in Chicago, the facts about the AAPA and point out Fred’s mur- der being something which was previously ordered by his own comrades, Landon and Rory’s names were constantly coming up during the trial, either as those who gave orders or those who questioned (his) Sams orders, Pig Sams said Landon told him if Kimbro and Lonnie were ner- vous, that he should off them too. There is no doubt in any sane person’s mind that George Sams is a crazy nigger andshould not be allowed to walk free within the confines of even maximum security with political prisoners. The defense will cross- examine the pig on Friday, Sams was cross-examined to- day by the defense attorney, he was able to maintain his cool- ness until the defense began and questioned his activities as a member of the Black Panther Party. Almost all of his state- ments were contradictory. He even said that the plg DeRosa and the F,B.1, agents who testi- fied last week must have made mistakes copying his statements. He said that much of Pig Warren Kimbro's testimony were lies (Warren Kimbro turned states witness after his brother (# pig) came up from Florida (not Phila, as our paper printed in trial news two weeks ago), Sams stared that he joinedSNCC in 1967, he was a body guard for Stokely Carmichael he said that he joined the Panthers in 1968-- Carmichael told him to join the Black Panther Party so that he could find out about them. He said that he maintained his alle- giance to SNCC during the entire time that he was a member of the Party, When Chairman Bobby expelled him for stabbling a bro- ther in the leg Stokely was the one who interceeded to have him reinstated, ince the trial Stokely has not come forward to interject anything into the insanity of George Sams) in the mean- time Lonnie and the other Pan- thers are facing railroading and Chairman Bobby faces the chair, Cross - examination of this Black lackey pig will continue on Tuesday. While the fascist court goes on People are still being denied en- trance because the courtroom is too small, The racist pigs are be- coming even more up tight. They are constantly harassing the peo- ple. Lonnie’s spirts are very high—- he is very strong, And now that Huey walks the Streets, one more warrior for the people's struggle makes us more determined in our struggle, The people's spirit will dictate the outcome of this fascist trial and not the fascists, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE DEATH TO THE FASCISST PIGS BLACK PANTHER PARTY Connecticut State Chapter RoseMarl DEFEND LONNIE McLUCAS SEND CONTRIBUTIONS TO: COMMITTEE TO DEFEND THE PANTHERS P.O. BOX 628 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10025. wather sister was busted and brought here to Niantic Concen- tration Camp. She was placed in an isolated room directly beneath immediately d communicating with her and we were told that her name was ida Walston alias Carmen Jeffcote.. Believing her to be a righteous revolutionary we re- _ quested to have her united with us, which was too quickly granted, was then placed in isola- ‘tion along with Rose, Ericka, Frances, and myself. After living with her for a weex, _ ft was hard to believe thar she was 4 comrade, Besides her nas- SS, provocative nature and " perverted attempts, she was con- stantly disrupting our collective, trying to force her foul ideas on us and degrading the Black Pan- ther Party's philosophy, This caused disunity, and distrust. Then came her plot for an es- cape. Ir all seemed reasonable until we started diggin’ on Ida's determination for this escape to take place in December; no: be- fore nor after thar time. Direct- ly after the plan was thought out and Settled the slimy pig guards and the crazy matrons vamped on our living quarters, While they ransacked our rooms we were placed in a small room and Ida was visiting with two detectives. After ber two hour visit with them she came in very unconcerned REPORT ON LONNIE’S TRIAL Again the fascist courts have moved to a higher Jevel In the repression of justice inthe courts of fascist America. On Tuesday, the prosecutor rested the case (needless to say, it Is obvious ‘that the pigs have already reached a decision as to how they will judge the brother.) The trial session on Tuesday began when the defense stated to the court thar it will my to prove that Sams set the murder of Alex Rackely up to make himslf look good in the eyes of Stokely Carmichael, whether Stoke- ly knew about it or noi. George Sams had sald earlier that he was Carmichael’s man and that he was never fully trusted by the Panthers. Sams in court told all _ Sorts of wierd tales. He said that when he went to Chicago, when the raid-occurred there, he was In the Chicago office at the time, but had walked out of the build- ing with a gun when the police had the office surrounded, thar they had shined a light on him, bur thar they had let him go to his car and drive away becuuse ne pigs didn't recognize him even : they had surrounded the - house looking for him. The pig Sams ended lis testimony by re- hg that he voluntarily sent for he FBI in Canada, irst to take the witness stand be cross-examined by the Thursday was the states , a Doctor Miller, The de- fense in trying to prove that the orge Sams to testify, one must ‘ move 4s part of the railroad Lonnie and the of the New Haven 9, The ge moved that the psychia- t was Incapable of making any oO pean Sout. George THIS IS TO INFORM THE MASSES OF PEOPLE AND OUR COMRADES _ THAT “A SOW IS ON THE PROWL” PEGGY HUDGINS POLITICAL PRISONER about the intrusion. Later we found out that the jack pot was found in Ida’s room, They con- fiscated a written statement con- cerning the escape for some un- derground press, money and dis- covered in her room wood from the window frame thar she had left unconcealed, Also she had saved various letters from the women population which caused them to be locked up. From our rooms they took our childrens’ stuffed dolls, poems, black underwear, and letters from our comrades on the outside, Because of this vamp we were locked up for a week and our communica- tions with the women and com- rades were almost completely cut off. This whole December plot would have taken place about the same time Mark Clark and Fred Hamp- ton were killed, the L.A, Com- munity Centers and office were vamped on and the pigs were plan- ning to vamp on the New Haven Chapter. It was also to work in coordination with the swines’ plot to wipe out the chapters on the East Coast, by using the excuse that they were searching for fugi- tives. It didn’t become clear to us that Ida was a sure enough pro- vocateur agent until it was time for Frances to go out on bail in January, Ida devised another set up but this time she was going to use just Frances and didn’t want the rest of us to know. We talked about what Frances hadre- lated to us and confronted Pig Ida with our suspicions. Of course she Led through her gums and got very nervous. The neat night she still wanted at least one to go with her, When we refused be- cause authorities bugged her, she escaped on her own, Stealing state keys and a car that supposedly broke down. She was immediately caught and spent five hours in the administration office with pigs and other institution authorities. She was put back in our block after a week of lock-up, She confessed a- bout her collaboration with the pigs and that the institution was THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 17 - Then she made a last desperate effort to clean up the job she had failed, This time it Involved Charles Garry and other lawyers, She wanted her confession to be brought to court. She claimed that she could bring this confession In as proof thar the pigs were try- ing to wipe out the Party, We didn’t believe her because she had Hed so many times before, She would have gotten in court and renigged and made the Party look foolish. We had her removed from our block, where she had been since February 16, the day the guards jumped Rose, She was not silenced, however. She con- tinued to blow madness andunder- mine the Party (along with Loretta Lukes). Recently we found out that she has been sentenced to fifteen months to three years for fleeing State property. The maximum time ls LOyears, This makes us even more sure that she is a pig--she pro- bably won't even do 15 months, We want to warn everyone that she will be returning to Sacra- mento, California, to face ano- ther charge within the next few days. We want to tell all comrades, the people and all prisoners, that she Is a provacateur agent under the guise of being a Partymember. Don't fall --remember her traps-~ 29 for yet’ years old, fat nosed, short natural, big lips, about five feet eight in- ches, knock kneed and long crus- ty nails. You can't miss her, ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE DOWN WITH PROVOCATEUR AGENTS, LACKEYS AND PIGS! Peggy Hudgins Political Prisoner of War PROSECUTION RESTS CASE, JUDGE DENIES DEFENSE WITNESS TO TESTIFY IN THE CASE OF LONNIE McLUCAS -- NEW HAVEN 9 relate fully to Sams past mental history. On several occasions the pig prosecutor objected to ques- tions asked by the defense, i.e.; Defense: Doctor, would you read from your notes, the information you obtained, in order to come to the conclusion that Sams was mentally capuble of testifying? When this was asked, immediately, the prosecution objected. The most relevant aspect of Wednesday's trial was when the defense (Michael Koskoff) read FREE LONNIE! the entire Black Panther Party Ten Point Platform aad Program, the 21 rules and cight points of attention. Heaiig this read within the confines of judicial fascism, our Party Program was used as an education tool for the jury and the people who had come into the courtroom, Attorney William Kuntsler was also put oa the stand to refute pig Geocge Sams story that he had visited Kuntsler In his office the day after the murder, and that Kuntslec had put him Gams) and some other Panthers up in a lady friend's home of Kuntsler’s, Kunstler was ‘‘right on’! on his denouncing George Sams as a liar. Kuntsler related thar on the day Sams stated he had gose to Kwntsler’s office, he (Kuntsler) was in New Haven, helping those members who had been busted, Kuntsler said that brave and proud women and men of the Black Pan- ther Party were being intimidated and persecuted by the U.S, gov- ernment. The defense made motions to have all charges appealed, the motion of Course was denied by the pig jucke. Defense wimesses were brought to the stand--sister Ukale Kupenda of the D.C, Chapter of the Black Panther Party who lived with George Sams for two months, was in 4 position to testi- fy to the craziness of pig.Sams. She was denied from testifying by the presecutor, 4nd ob- Jections were sustained by pig judge Malvey. The judge is barring aay testi- mony about Sams, therefore with each of the defense witnesses who have been placed on the witness stand, judge Mulvey has bla- tantly and unconstitutionally pre- vented the defense from putting on 4 crucial part of their defense, This is the most outrageous tac- tic thar the fascist judge has used in repressing truth from the peo- ple. No one is allowed to testify presenting evidence about George Sams character, his truthfulness, reputation and acts, The judge continued his fascist tactics in Friday's court session, Pan- ther Brother Zayd from New York--was swift and challenging to the pig prosecutor's questions when he took the stand on Fri- day, We know that the entire court scene is a farce, and it is there that the righteous brothers and sisters are using the pigs’ arena to educate the people to this. Lon- nie McLucas is on trial now, bur basically, Black people are vic- tims of this kind of injustice. The oppression of Black people dictate the manner in which the Party must move now, Every Black person in this country must understand that which is happen- ing in New Haven; right in the courtroom is a sinall example of what the pigs have in store for every Black woman and man in every courtroom all across this racist land, Judge Mulvey is not allowing Lonnie’s defense to present wit- nesses of Lonnie’s peers to re- inforce Lonnie’s innocence, Ir is a clear indication that we as a people have no rights guaranteed us by the constitution of this coun- try. That is the main reason why brothers like Jonathan Jackson, 17, James McClain, 37, William Christmas, 27, and Ruchell Ma- gee, 31, are and were justified in their assault upon the pig judge, the racist jurors and the fascist police of San Rafael, Revolu- tionary suicide is an educarional tool for the people. We must take that example of resistance as future ploys to be applied in every courtroom scene allover this bloody country when condi- tions prove favorable, Lonnie’s railroad is almost over. We said at the beginning of the trial that the pigs would hur- riedly move in an unconstitutional manner and try to convict Lonnie, This has happened. It is at this point when the people must dis- play their verdict of guilty against the fascist government of this country and its racist and boot- licking tools of oppression, BLACK PANTHER PARTY Connecticut State Chapter NEW ORLEANS PIG FORCE ON THE MOVE AGAINST THE PEOPLE The New Orleans pig force, un- der the leadership of Chief Pig Joseph Giarrusso, has stepped up their acts of wanton aggression against Black people, Everyday they become more openly fascist and everyday they terrorize the oppressed colonies throughout the city. No longer can they fool the people by pretending to be the * **good guys"’ don’t #0 around kick- ing people’s doors down or bear- ing old ladies with black jacks or shooting unarmed kids. They know that only pigs do these type things and they also know that pigs should not have power. So, the stage is be- ing set and the pigs are on the Move, They've got special equip- ment and arms coming into the city in their preparations for what could be the last and final act.... a “'power play"’ about freedorn. The “‘play’’ will end with the peo- ple in power or it will be contimied from 4 police state type set up which will be a breeding ground for revolutionaries . Either way the coming armed confrontation goes it won't really end until the power is in the hands of the peo- ple. The masses of the oppressed people in this city have tasted a little bit of freedom and they like the way ir tastes, So, now they want it all .,.they want all that’s due them and they arenow very de- termined to make it. They are determined to get some of that freedom by any means nec- essary, and ain’t no pig withagun gonna stop them..,unless that pig is bullet proof and doesn’t bleed, And the people know that a pig will bleed and that a pig will die and the people will not hesitate to kill for their freedom, nor will they hesitate to die for their freedom. Huey P. Newton saidthat ‘the spi- rit of the people Is greater than the man’s technology"’ andthe Nation- al Committee to Combat Fascism is instilling the spirit of revolu- tion in the very hearts and souls of the people. We will do no more singing unless we are singing songs of death to the oppressor;we will do no more marching unless we are marching on the heads of the exploiter. The people realize also that there are Black, Brown, Red and Yellow pigs as well as White pigs and that those pigs must be dealt with in the same manner, A pig is o pig is a pig is 4 pig) "We must deal with bootlicking nigger pigs like Sgt. Perry White andthe two Rapheal brothers from therat family,..as well as off-white pig Magri of the P,A,N,O, pig asso- ciation, So, bring in your guns, pigs! The people will be ready. You can kill a revolutionary but you can't kill 4 revolution. You can kill a freedom fighter but you can't kill freedom fighting. ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! FIRE POWER TO THE REVOLU- TIONARY SHARPSHOOTERI AND DEATH TO THE FASCIST SWINE] -New Orleans, La, C.C.F. ‘* Freedom for everybody or freedom for nobody.”* 2) POLTCTE i fais were te 49412 IT THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 18 BOBBY'S APPEAL PART V B, THE COURT'S WRONGFUL DE- NIAL OF APPELLANT'S SIXTH AMENDMENT RIG"ITS REQUIRES - REVERSAL OF HIS CONTEMPT CONVICTION, Reversal of appellant's (Bobby) conviction is required because the wrongful denial of the right to present 4 defense is so funda- mental that conduct stemming directly from that denial cannot warrant such punishment, It is ap- pellant’s (Bobby) position in Argu- ment VI, infra pp. 119-36, that Since the contemptuous cts charged involved no more than ap- pellant’s attempts to present his Sixth Amendment claims, to pre- serve those claims for appellate review and to present some de- fense on his own behalf, they can- not constitute the substantive crime of contempt as defined in 18 U,S.C. *401, 66) But appel- lant’s convictions must be re- versed for the independent reason that they directly resulted from the trial court's violation of his most fundamental rights. 6) Argument VI makes clear that 14 of the 16 allegedly contemp- tuous incidents consisted of re- marks by appellant that were necessary, or that he at least reasonably believed necessary to preserve his claims for appellate review (infra pp. 119-29) and that the remaining two Incidents were wholly inconsequential (infra pp. 129-30), (END OF FOOTNOTE) The right to present a defense to criminal charges, either per- sonally or through counsel of choice is the most basic right afforded a criminal defendant, without which all other guarantees concerning criminal proceedings are meaningless since the defend- ant has no way to Invoke them. lt was this most fundamental of rights that appellant was denied, He was ordered to sit through a tial conducted in the absence of his chosen counsel, at which he was in fact not represented, and was prohibited from speaking In his own behalf. Congress surely cannot have Intended to make the contempt power available to pre- serve order, and especially to en- force the unlawful limitations on appellant, during a proceeding so fundamentally lacking in fairness. Compare Dancy v. United States, %1 F.2d 75 (@.C, Cir. 1966), 67) @7) There a defendant who was erroneously denied counsel at his preliminary hearing assaulted an officer who was testifying against him. He was subsequently con- victed of assault, but the court of appeals reversed, reasoning: It is contended by the United States that the absence of counsel at the preliminary hearing on the nar- cotic charges furnishes no ground for reversal of the assault convic- tion. This seems to amount to a contention, which we cannot accept, that even if appellant were pre- Judiced by denial of his statutory right there can be no remedy. To borrow a maxim from the civil side of the common law, where there is a wrong done, with in- jury, there is a remedy, Appel- lant.,.became engaged in an ad- versary proceeding in which the law contempted he could have pro- fessional assistance, This lawwas disregarded, Ik is probable that had his right to assigned counsel been observed the conduct which led to the charge of assault would not have occurred... The absence of counsel,,.was...a factor which defendant had a right to bring to the attention of the jury in pre- senting the entire setting of his offense, (61 F.2d at 78-79) (END OF FOOTNOTE) The court's error in denying appellant's right to be represented by Garry requires reversal of the contempt convictions for a second reason, The advice of counsel is essential if an aggrieved defend- ant is to have any idea how tocon- duct himself during a criminal trial, Only an attorney can ad- vise him as to the correctness of a court’s orders, as to when those orders should be obeyed, and the consequence of disobe- dience, and as to when he should protest or accept court and prose~ cution actions. The Supreme Court has already recognized that the assistance of counsel is necessary if a suspect or defendant is to intelligently de- cide whether to answer police questions, Miranda v, Arizona, 384 U.S, 436 (1966), how to plead to 4 criminal charge, White v, Mary- 59 (1963), what —_ : land, 373 ¢ sort of defense to offer at a cri- minal trial, Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U,S, 335 (1963), and what sort of argument to present at a sentencing hearing, Mempa v, Rhay, 389 U.S, 128 (1967). G7A) Any action taken by an unrepre- sented defendant at such *‘critical" decision-making stages cannot be held or used against him, Cer- tainly a defendant's decisions as to whether to make a motion or objection at trial and as to the language and manner of so doing, are as ‘‘critical’’ and as legally complex as those involved in Mi- randa, White Gideon, and Mempa, not only because the decisions may affect the outcome of the particular proceeding, but because they may, if badly or untimely made, lead to criminal contempt charges, More- over, in this case the trial judge failed to fulfill a court's special responsibility to explain to an un- counselled defendant called upon to make significant decisions, the alternatives open to him and their legal ramifications. Under these circumstances, the erroneous de- * nial of appellant's chosen counsel constitutes a defense to the con- tempt charges arising out of his vain attempts to protect his rights during trial, @7A) We also direct the Court's attention to the Supreme Court's decision in Coleman v, Alabama, 38 U.S.L,Wk, 4535 (1970), an- nounced June 22, two days before this brief was filed, reversing a conviction on the ground thar the defendant was not represented by counsel athis preliminary hearing, and detailing the assistance and Protection which an accused would receive from ‘‘the guiding hand of counsel" at such a hearing. (END OF FOOTNOTE) u IN IMPOSING AN AGGREGATE SENTENCE OF FOUR YEARS FOR CRIMINAL CONTEMPT WITHOUT ACCORDING APPELLANT A JURY TRIAL, THE COURT BE- LOW VIOLATED HIS RIGHTS AS DEFINED IN BLOOM V, ILLINOIS, 391 U,S, 194 (1968), AND CHEFF V. SCHNACKENBERG, 384 U.S. 373 (1966). A, ASSUMING THAT 16 SEP- ARATECONTEMPTS WERE COM- MITTED, THE COURT ERRED IN IM POSING AN AGGREGATE SENTENCE IN EXCESS OF SIX MONTHS WITHOUT ACCORDING APPELLANT A JURY TRIAL, Appellant was summarily con- victed of 16 different contempr- uous acts, and sentenced to three months on each, the terms to be served consecutively and thus amounting to an aggregate sent- ence of four years, In Cheff v. Schnackenberg, supra, the Su- preme Court ruled, exercising its supervisory power over the federal courts, that a jury trial was re- quired in all contempt cases re- sulting in sentences in excess of six months. Bloom y, Illinois, supra, found the same rule applic- able to state contempt proceedings by virtue of the jury trial provi- sions of the federal Constitution, regardless of whether the con- tempt was classified as direct or indirect. 68) 8) The court noted that direct contempts were ordinarily dealt with summarily but, while recog- nizing*'a strong temptation to make exception for the rule we estab- lish today for disorders in the courtroom...,"" found that''no such special rule is needed’’ G91 U.S, at 210), (END OF FOOTNOTE) The direct court's action pre- sents the question whether a court can, in one proceeding, by charging a contemnor with & multiplicity of separate ‘‘acts"’ of contempt and sentencing him separately on each act, give him a potentially infinite sentence withour benefit of jury trial, Appellant submits that such power is in clear violation of the spirit and philosophy of Cheff and Bloom, supra, Summary punishment for con- tempt in the federal system repre- sents an extraordinary concentra- tion of despotic power in one indivi- dual, The trial judge decides what constitutes a crime, since con- tempt is legislatively defined only in the vaguest and broadest terms; @9) what the penalty shall be with- out any legislative Limits; whe- ther to prosecute and on what char- ges. He acts as prosecutor, judge and jury at a “‘trial’ conducted in the absence of procedures de- signed to control the exercise of arbitrary power by such officials. His decisions are subject only to a necessarily incomplete appellate review since insummary proceed- ings the trial judge relies heavily on his own impressions of the contemnor’s conduct, G9) 18 U.S.C, * 401 (1) penalizes “‘misbehavior of any person in... (acourt’s) presence or so near thereto as to obstruct the admin- istration of justice.’’ See generally GOLDFARB, The Contempt Power (1963) pp. 67-70, (END OF FOOTNOTES) It was in recognition of the extraordinary. potential for abuse suggested by such a regime that the Supreme Court in Bloom over- ruled its earlier decision inGreen v. United States, 356 US, 165 (1958), and provided that the sum- mary contempt power could be ex- ercisedjonly to impose a penalty exceeded six months the Court found it essential to provide ‘‘a right to jury trial as a protec- tion against the arbitrary exercise of official power’’ G91 U.S, ar 202), Since Bloom’s concern was with placing some limits on the power of the trial judge over con- temnors, it is clear that a jury must be provided as a buffer be- tween judge and contemnor where the latter {s threatened with a four- year term of imprisonment, re- gardiess of whether thartermcon- stitutes an aggregate of lesser terms. Indeed Bloom was based in part on explicit recognition of a trend toward increasingly severe sentences in contempt cases, (60) and designed to avoid the danger of imposition of such sentences without any trial. (0) The court specifically noted that convictions for criminal con- tempt have frequently and increas~ ingly resulted inextremely serious penalties, citing Mr. Justice Gold- berg's dissenting opinion in United States v. Barnett, 376 U.S, 681, 728, 751 (1964), and Note, 1967 DUKE L, J., 632, 640-41, Despite this trend toward in- creasingly severe sentences in contempt cases, the sentence im- posed on appellant in the Instant case is of almost unique severity. By far the longest sentence noted by authorities commenting on the increased severity in criminal contempt sentencing is the four- year sentence upheld in United States v. Thompson, 214 F.2d 545 @d Cir.), cert. denfed, 348 U.S, 41 (194). See, e.g., Note, 1967 DUKE L, J., 632, 641 n. 44; Note, Procedures for Trying Contempts in the Federal Courts, 73 HARV, L. REV, 353, 357 (1959); Justice Goldberg’s dissent in Barnett, su- pra, 376 US, at 752-53 n. 35, Apart from the 4-year 13-day Sentence subsequently imposed on attorney Kunstler in the same trial out of which appellant’s contempt convictions arose, the only cri- minal contempt cases appellant's attorneys have found, in an ex- haustive review, In which the sent- ences for contempt exceeded ap- pellant’s, involved one Mayberry whose sentences were affirmed by the supreme Court of Pennsyl- vania, Commonwealth v, Langnes, 434 Pa. 478, 255 A.2d 131 (1969), cert. granted sub nom, Mayberry ¥. Pennsylvania, April 6, 1970, No, 1389, upheld Mayberry's ag- gregate 1]-22 year sentence for wealth v, Mayberry, 255 A.2d 548 (Pa, Sup. Ct. 1969), upheld May- berry’s 5-year aggregate sentence for contemptuous conduct in ano- ther court proceeding. (In both cases the court relied on DeSte- fano v. Woods, 392 U.S, cases, while completely out of Line with sentencing practice in criminal contempt cases, illustrate the danger inherent in the practice of the court below. (END OF FOOTNOTE) It is only if the aggregate sent- ence is considered determinative of the right to jury trial thar the Bloom ruling places any realistic limits on the summary contempt, power. The ‘‘crime’’ of contempt is so vague that as a practical matter a court may endlessly mul- tiply the number of acts of con- tempt that have been committed (unless, of course, the crime of contempt is defined as the entire course of trial misconduct, as ap- pellant urges in Argument IC, infra, that it should be), If a court can add a six-month sentence for each act of contempt without pro- viding a jury trial there is noprac- tical limit on its power to punish, (61) It ts significant that the trial court imposed identical three- month sentences for sixteen inci- dents involving extremely varied | conduct. (62) This supports a con- clusion that the citation of partic- ular incidents was a relatively arbitrary means of arriving at a lengthy aggregate sentence. (61) Past cases demonstrate the potential for abuse of such a doc- trine, by showing the ease with which separate acts of contempt may be enumerated, Thus inSach- er v. United States, 343 US, 1 (1952), the contempt citation con- tained 40 separate specifications of direct contempt. One of the con- temnors was charged with 23 sep- arate contemptuous acts and ano- ther with 18. Gee Appendix ar 182 F.2d 416, 430-53), In Offutt vy. United States, 346 U.S, 11 (154), the defendant was cited for 12 different acts of direct contempt. See also Commonwealth v. Langes, supra n.60, (62) The incidents differ as to length, type of language used, whe-_ ther the jury was present at all during the incident, and whether the jury, if present, was excused because of the incident. (END OF FOOTNOTES) Bloom could not have contem- plated the kind of nullification of its ruling represented by the de- cision below, It was written in the context of a tradition of imposing a general sentence for contempt even where numerous contemp- tuous acts were cited; (3) or al- ternatively, imposing concurrent sentences for separate contempt convictions. (4) Thus the Bloom Court, which apparently assumed direct contempt at least would be subjected only to minor penalties (65) (and thus not ordinarily re- quire jury trial), could not have contemplated that courts would at- tempt to impose consecutive, sep- arate sentences for individual acts of contempt in the course of atrial without providing a jury, (64) See, e.g., Yates v. United States, 227 F.2d 848 (Sh Cir, 19S}, Parmelee Transporta- tion Co. v. Keeshin, 292 F.2d 806 (7th Cir, 1961); 294 F.2d 310 (th Cir. 191), rev'don other grounds, sub nom, In re McConnell, 370 ULS, 230 (192). (65) 391 US. ar 210, As noted supra n, 60, the sentence imposed by the court below is of almost unique severity in the history of criminal contempt, The traditional penalty for direct contempt sum- marily adjudged, has always been a petty fine or, at most, a few days imprisonment (infra, p./173 n, 254; Note, 63 MICH, L. REV, 700 (1965), and the tread toward continued on page 21 Special Processing Battalion GPs), Ft. Dix is a unit of some 8 or 9 hundred lower ranking enlisted men that have gone AWOL and have been dropped from the olls of their original unit and assigned to SPB. Since its beginning as a unit, SPB has been a center and source of dissent on the base at Fr. Dix. For over two years members and organ- teers of the American Service- men’s Unton have been organizing in SPB among the anti-war and anti-military GI's, This release is an eyewitness account by ASU - spokesmen from that unit on the latest repression of the resist~ | ance movement in SPB, This re- pression has taken the form of blatant racism against the Afro- American and Puerto Rican GI's assigned to SPB. As of this release 21 BlackGlI's have been charged with assault on White GI's in the unit, These charges are frame-ups of the worst kind. The Brass thar run SPB and Fr. Dix are trying to break up the resistance movement on the base by using racism to divide the GI's. Divide and con- quer. These racist attempts will not work because members of the ASU have been organizing in the unit and are showing the White GI's what racism has always been, a tool of the Brass to divide our movement, EYE WITNESS ACCOUNT OF THE S.P.B. REBELLION | dier, The Black Gl was arrested around 8:00 a.m, and was locked up in ‘the cage", a large enclo- sure walled with steel mesh, in the Operations Section of SPB un- til the following morning, July 23, He was given no bedding and his meals were brought to him by armed guards, He was not allowed to see a lawyer and he wasn't formally charged with anything. In 4 conversation overheard on the telephone by an ASU mem- ber In SPB between Lr, Carmi- chael, Confinement Officer for SPS, and Lt. Col. Friedman, Post Stockade Commander, Lt. Col. Friedman said, "'l want all pre- trial confinement prisoners to stay in SPB, there is no room for any more prisoners in the stockade,"’ Lt. Carmichael said, “no, something is going to hap- pen in SPB, We can’t keep these people here. a riot may break out."" This conversation took place on Tuesday, July 21. Lt, Carmichael knew what was going to happen. He knew that the charges on the man were frame-up charges. The Afro- American soldier was a leader among the Black Gi’s in SPB, And it is extremely unusual, even for SPB, that a man would re- main in the cage all of one day and a night. Wednesday night, 10:00 p.m., July 22, leaders of the Black GI's BLACK G.l,.....CANNON FODDER IN THE IMPERIALISTIC WAR MACHINE The chain of events over the past 10 days has been a long and harrowing one for the men in SPB, Gestapo tactics have been used against these men, such as total restriction of all personnel of the unit to the barracks under armed guard. These men have been charged with nothing andare being deprived of every right they have under the constitution. The guards are issued orders to shoot to kill any of the personnel of SPB that may try to break re- striction, One man, Pvt. E-1 Wil- van McClendon has been charged 4 L : with Article 134 under the (UCMJ) Uniform Code of Military Justice breaking restriction and he 6 6a Special Courr -Mar- with a maximum penalty of 6 months confinement at hard bor, This is only one of many hain of Events: Wednesday, July 22, an Afro- n Gl was arrested and d with assault on a basic - of the 6th Btn. near SPB. trainee was not present to ify the Afro-American sol- and the Puerto Rican GI's in SPB came around to the five barracks of SPB and told the Blacks and Puerto Ricans that a meeting was being held outside about the fact that a brother was locked up in the cage unjustly. The racist Brass in SPB said later that the meeting that took Place with over 250 Black and Puerto Rican GI's present was called to “get together to break windows and lights.’’ The avowed purpose of the meeting was to free their brother locked up in that cage. To prove that the confinement of the Black soldier was a provo- cation, while the meeting was go- ing on seven carloads of MP’s pulledthelr cars upinfront of SPB Operations. Also, there was a truckload of 30 MP’s dressed In riot-control. gear in the area, A confrontation developed be- tween Black and Puerto RicanGl’s and the MP’s. After about 15 min- utes the men returned to the bar- racks and resumed the mecting, It was planned in the meeting that instead of falling into the regular morning formation, the next morning they would leadtheir own formation behind the regular one. ‘The next morning the Black GI's followed through on this and held their formation in protest of the open racism In SPB. First Sgt. Mahan told all the Puerto Ricans in formation to fall out and form up in front on the regular formation, which was now al] White. Several of the anti- racist White GI's started chant- ing and yelling at the Sergeants and Brass, Mahan ordered the pla- toon Sergeants to get the White GI's out on details immediately, The White GI's were loaded onto trucks under guard and taken to detalis on the base, Before this, First Sgt, Mahan read off the names of 5 Afro- American soldiers. The five men were taken to Lt. Carmichaels' office and charged with assault. They were charged with beating up an informer. At this time some sixty Black GiI's went to see Col, Bitwell, ex-CO of SPS, just relieved by Col. Cook, to see what the Colonel would do about freeing their Black brother, The Colonel said thar he wouldn't release him, The Afro-American soldiers walked out of his office enmasse in pro- test. On Thursday, the 23rd, allper- sonnel of SPB were restricted to the barracks. Armed guards were put in front of all the SPB buildings. Guards, with 12- gauge riot shotguns patrolled the area around SPB, Lr, Carmichael and Capt, McCarthy patrolled the area in a jeep, with loaded .45 pistols and night sticks. On Friday morning nearly all SPB personnel were given passes to get them out of the area. Things were quiet over the weekend, On Tuesday night, the 28th, an MP was beaten up in the area, A trainee was beaten and robbed, And the telephone center near SPB and the Oth Tng. Btn, was wrecked. On Tuesday afternoon at the 1:00 p.m. formation, Col. Cook, Commanding Officer of SPB said that because the men in SPB had been AWOL, that they must have problems. Then he said that all men with problems would be al- lowed excess leave time to take care of their problems. This was said, obviously, because the Colonel wanted to clear out SPB for the time being. Wednesday, the 29h, at 4:30 p.m, formation, Lr, Carmichael and Capt, McCarthy called out the names of 8 Black soldiers. There were 25 to 30guards armed with .45 pistols surrounding the formation. The § Blacks were charged with assault on 5 White soldiers. The 5 Whites were standing beside the officers, One of the Black men asked the officers why they were being put in the cage, Capt. McCarthy told the man, "I'll tell you later,"’ After the 8 Black men were taken to the cage, the 5 Whites walked through the formation and fingered 13 more Afro-American GI's. These men were also put in the cage. Capt. McCarthy sald to the for- mation of some 150 SPB per- sonnel, ‘‘there are 140newspaces available in the stockade for SPBers. And I will do my best to fill them."’ And riot-control MP's stationed at Ft. Meade, Maryland have been on alert for a week, The officer also said, ‘These people (the 21 Black men just arrested) are going to the stockade, they are charged with assault and will get 2 to 8years,”’ McCarthy then brought up a White Gl with a puffed faced. He said, “This is what they did," Wednesday night, 6;00 p.m., curfew starts. The men are con- fined to their barracks and guards are given orders to shoot to kill if any SPB personnel at- tempts to leave the restricted aa area, That night one man was actually shot at, All the night guards were stationed outside the barracks, Outside the restricted area guards patrolled with loaded riot shotguns. Over 175 MP's, trained In riot-control, from Ft. Meade, Md., were also In the area, The lights were turned out at 10:00 p.m. that night. Anyone caught out of bed was to be charged with breaking restriction and was taken immediately tothe stockade. The “‘law-breaker"' would face a Special Court Martial with a max- imum penalty of six months con- finement in the stockade at hard labor. Another man, other than Pvt, William McClendon, was charged with breaking restriction because he was 1S minutes late from re- turning to Western Union, The om) em Cher man had permission to goto West- ern Union. He now faces a Spe- celal Court Martial and six months confinement at hard la- bor. Just for being 15 minutes late, On Thursday morning, Sgt. Wat- son, 3rd Platoon, A Company, sald, ‘‘If you men do anything at all you'll go to jail'’--mean- ing the stockade. On Thursday several men were confined to the stockade on minor offenses, Leaves were being granted left and right with the idea of dis- persing the SPB personnel. On Friday morning the harass- ment continued with many men going to the stockade, Also, on Friday there was a bomb threar at Operations, the HQ of SPB, Continuing reports will be is- sued in future press releases, and printed in the SPB NEWS ee teed WE AS ACTIVE DUTY MEMBEKS OF THE AMERICAN SERVICE- MEN'S UNION AT SPB DEMAND: 1. The immediate release of our 21 Black brothers who were placed in the stockade on frame -up char- ges of assault on Thursday, July 291 Racism has always been used as a tool by the Brass to isolate and separate us, We must re- main together, united against our common oppressors, Our strug- gle together will bring the army and its officer class tc its knees. And Lt. Carmichael was well a- ware of this when he brought in front of the formation those brothers accused of his pig char- ges. He wants ‘‘racial tension’’, he wants prejudice and racism. We as ASU members cannot let this happen, We Join {n solidarity with all brothers who\are strug- gling against the pigs; against pig racists like Carmichael, SOLIDARITY AND THE PIG DIES! 2. The immediate lifting of the restriction and the removal of all guards from the barracks area] Are we criminals? Nol! Because we are demanding justice from our pig oppressors. The Brass are murderers, and yet they are free to oppress GI's, to perpetrate a war against the Vietnamese peo- ple, the American people, and all of those exploited and oppressed people who are struggling for liberation from the terror of American capitalism. We must turn the guns around, for the Brass are the true criminals, the accomplices to the murder of our brothers in Vietnam, 3, Immediate pay for all of us in SPBI Are we slaves, working all day for no wages? No! We are men, and many of us have families to feed, debts to pay and we can no longer wait for months at a time for pay we rightly deserve now] Pig officers like Lt, Carmichael get paid hundreds of dollars each month for determining whether GI's who have gone AWOL should be placed in the concentration camp called the POUND, or placed in the semi-prison that is SPB. We demand freedom for all our Gl brothers in the stockade and an end to pig jobs like the one Carmichael has! FREE THE SPS 21 NOW! END RESTRICTION ON SPBers NOW! ALL GUARDS OUT OF SPB NOW! ALL PAY NOW--NOT LATERI (Reprinted from American Ser~ vicemen’s Union) o-—o-— o— 0 — 0-— 0 — 9-— 0— O-—— Oo i I I PORTSMOUTH, VA. Portsmouth, Va, (LNS)--George Daniels, a Black Marine who was sentenced to 10 years hard labor in July 1967 on a charge of ‘'sub- version"’, was sent back to Ports- mouth Naval Prison in June of this year he serve the rest of his term, after being out on appeal since the fall of 1969, Daniels was originally tried by a court of all-White officers, for allegedly Stating that Black men should not have to fight in Vietnam. Daniels had been released on an appeal filed by the American Civil Liberties Union, following a series of demonstrations demanding his freedom, and sent to Quantico Marine base in Virginia, Notform- ally charged with any crime, Dan- fels was sent back to the brig at Portsmouth by the brass at Quantico because of a number of “minor rules infractions*’. Writing from Portsmouth to the American Serviceman's Union, Daniels states: ‘'I figure these pigs think as long as 1 am In the slams they got everything under control. Bur I'm going to continue my fight for the liberation of Black people with the only weapon | have, my life.,."” Om Os OO Oe 9 8 8 8 8 Oe Briefs Ot Oa Os OO Oe Oe Oe Oe BUFFALO, N.Y. GENERAL DORNBERGER FINDS A NEW HOME Buffalo, N.Y. (LNS) — During World War Il, Walter Dorr er was a general, And, like most of the Big Brass of the officer caste in the Army, he retired to become 4 top executive for one of the big corporations in Amer- ica, Walter Dornberger is now an executive vice-president for Bell Aero-systems in Buffalo and resides in Boston Hills, a rich Buffalo suburb, The only thing distinctive about this story {5 thar Walter Dorn- berger was a Nazi General, Wal- ter Dornberger, like Werner Von Braun and other Nazi big-wigs, now resides and makes’ good money here in America wifle many Panthers and others fight- ing against American fascismre- side in prison, — wt 1- THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 20 THE U.S. DID NOT CONSIDER MITRIONE’S LIFE WORTH THE 150 POLITICAL PRISONERS WHOSE FREEDOM, THE TUPAMAROS DEMANDED IN EXCHANGE FOR HIS RELEASE UNHARMED ~ Montevideo, Uruguay (LNS) -- Police are swarming inthe streets of Montevideo, granted complete freedom by a 20-day suspension on all civil rights of the Uru- guayan people, in the wake of the kidnapping of Dun A, Mitrione. He was executed on August 10 by the Tupamaros, the Uruguayan ur- ban gueriilla outfit which the U.S. sent him to destroy. Press censorship has been broadened here to forbid fullnews coverage of the Mitrione kid- napping, although newspapers are already barred from referring to the Tupamaros by name and must please the government to retain their licenses. Political demonstrations are il- Jegal in Uruguay 4s are most strikes, although bitter workers clash repeatedly with troops and Police for striking despite the law, and a middle class ruined by in- flation is beginning to look for radical solutions. Dan A, Mitrione, formerly Po- lice Chief of Richmond, Indiana and suspected agent of the CIA, has been working on extermin- ating revolutionay movements since 1960, His employer for the last decade has been the United States Agency for International Development-- the U.S,’s main “foreign aid” pro- gram-—-that has provided him with cover as he has moved from Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro onto Montevideo, No one denies that Mitrione was in Uruguay to fight the Tupa- maros as a ‘Public Safety Advi- sor’*. The U,S, foreign aid pro- gram stations teams In 15 other Latin American nations co assist the local military and police in crushing rebellions. All are*'Pu- blic Safety Advisors’’. Apparently, the United States did not consider Mitrione per- sonally worth the 150 political prisoners whose freedom, the Tupamaros demanded in exchange for his release unharmed. State Department officials in Washing- ton conceded that the U.S, did not seriously press the the Uru- guayan government to release the prisoners, and passively awaited Mitrione’s execution. Naturally, the White House was all tears when its ‘* Public Safe- ty Advisor’’ was finally dis- covered dead in a parked car in a working-class district of Montevideo. A statement decried the ‘despicable act'’ of ‘callous murder" and said the Incident underlined the “essential inhu- manity"’ of the Tupamaros. Call- ing Mitrione’s execution a ‘*cold- blooded crime against a defense- less human being'’, the White House vowed that his ‘‘devoted"’ work would remain ‘‘an example for free men everywhere"’. Meanwhile, in Montevideo, Pa- checo Areco--the dictator who re- fused to bargain with his under- ground opponents--expressed his shock at ‘‘this inhuman and trai- torous episode’’. “The defense of our govern- ment of law is the supreme duty of all Uruguayans’’, he declared in the capital, and denied that the Tupamaros were anything but "common criminals’’. Now that the “‘law” in Uruguay says that the Uruguayans have absolutely no rights, it is doubrful that Pa- checo Areco’s oratory found many takers. Instead, people here are trying hard to get a clear picture of the events of the last few days at a time when the offically-sanctioned press is more useless than ever. When Pacheco Areco andhis Con- gress declared a national day of mourning for Dan Mitrione and closed all stores, schools, banks, and government offices, there was no sign of sorrowful mass parades or memorial services in Mitrione’s honor. But the police, unencumbered by legality, are having a field day rounding up ‘‘suspected Tupama- ros". INTERNATIONAL PROTEST SUPPORTS IRANIAN STUDENTS San Francisco (LNS) — The weighty hand of the United States reaches from Teheran to San Francisco in crushing any move by Iranians to bring democracy to thelr country and to end the imperialist strangle-hold on the impoverished people of the rich land, Forty-one Iranian students are awaiting trial in San Fran- cisco now for protesting polit- itcal repression in thelr home country, and the Iranian Student Association is asking sympathetic Americans to join in protests at the Iranian consulates in New York, San Francisco and Chica- go on August Srd to demand that charges be dropped. The demonstrators were ar- rested June 26 when they occupied the San Francisco consulate, pro- testing the arrival In San Fran- cisco of Princess Ashraf, sister of reiguing Shah Reza Pahlavi. As United Nations representative of 4 country where mass arrests, torture, executions and intimida- tlon by the SAVAK secret police are used to repress democratic; even mildly reformist political movements, the Princess Isiron- ically chairwoman of the Human Rights Commission, by Julion Hernandez (Editor's note: In the last two years, the Tupamaros have un- nerved the Uruguayan government with their skill, audacity, and ca- pacity to penetrate the inner chambers of the government, The recently executed Agency for In- ternational Development attache, Dan A, Mitrione, knew better than anybody how difficult they are to beat. As chief U.S, policy advisor in Uruguay, his specialty was weeping over exploits like the fol- lowing massive arms robbery staged at the arsenal guarded by the Uruguayan Navy's crack unit. The account comes from Presnsa Latina, the revolutionary agency of Cuba.) Montevideo, Uruguay (LNS)-- Fernando Garin takes off his hel- met and puts it on again, It is 1:45 on the morning of May 29, and everything has been planned. Garin is an orderly of the guard, so the sentry standing at the en- trance of the Uruguayan Navy Training Center pays no attention to this unimportant gesture, The three men inthe car which has just taken off down Washing- ton Street towards the center know with certainty thatthe man whore- moved his helmet and put it on again is Fernando Garin, 23 years old, a native of the town of Juan lacase and son of one of the found- ers of the textile syndicate, Next to the car rises the strong- wall of the military center. A hundred meters away the traffic in Montevideo's seaside avenue is heavy in spite of the hour, On the roof of the entrance gate there is another sentry. Around sixty persons--officers and sailors-- sleep inside the old building. Another guard stands in back, facing the street called Lindolfo Cuestas, and in the surroundings of the garrison 19 commandos be- longing to the Tupamaros await a signal, Now everything depends on the three revolutionaries who are in the car, and, above all, on Fer- nando Garin'’s steady nerves. When the car stops in front of the gate, the guards become wor- ried. Two Tupamaros get out of the automobile. ‘We're from the police, we need to see the of- ficer on duty,” they command with an authoritarian voice. ‘The guard calls the orderly. Ga- At the request of the San Fran- cisco consul, the Tac Squadbroke up the June 26 protest, bearing at least six students, cracking one student's skull and leaving vision in his right eye impaired, They were charged is the classic style of political cases with burglary, assaulting officers, resisting ar- rest, malicious conduct, tres- passing and conspiracy. Bail was set at $2,000 to $4,000 aplece, but when the money was raised their supporters found the Immi- gration Service had placed a “hold"’ on them, meaning depor- tation was imininent, The “*hold"’ rin comes out frowning, pre- tending suspicion. He goes to one side and inspects the papers of the alleged police agents. He asks them to go in. The scene is carefully watched by other members of the Tupa- maros who are hiding in the dark- ness of the street a hundred me- ters away, Before crossing the en- trance-gate one of the men looks rapidly above: On the roof, four meters above the ground, the sentry now at ease, puts down his AR-15. The garrison fortress is in a dock neighborhood on the corner of Washington and Guarani Sts., only two blocks away from Buenos Aires Street. Twelve blocks away stands the Plaza de la Independ- encia and the Presidential Palace. An enamored couple wanders down Washington Street, As they pass by the garrison’s high grey wall, one of the newly arrived **policemen’’ halts them. "Identification, he demands, (Nervous hands, signs of weak- ness, the boy searches Inhis poc- kets, the girl in her purse.) ‘*We don't have any’’, they say in a low voice. ‘We're students from the Institute Vazquez Ace- vedo. We can prove it."’ "We'll sec," answers the po- Hceman and orders them to go into the garrison, Meanwhile on the garrison roof, Garin walks up to the sentry and tells him he's come to substitute for him. There seems to be too much activity this morning, though, and the sentry feels that something is not working right; it can be observed in his inde- cision, But Garin strikes the guard in the stomach with his Colt .45 and takes the rifle. By now, the ‘‘policemen’’ and the two “students” surround the sentry at the entrance gate. From above, Garin Is pointing a rifle at him. When Garin and the two Tupa- maros disguised as policemen en- ter the military establishment, the corporal calls the officer on duty. He doesn’t suspect anything and it doesn’t occur to him to ring the alarm which would go off in the dormitories. The officer and the corporal are quickly over- powered and tied up. was withdrawn after street pro- tests at the Immigration building, but the threat of deportation to Iran, where imprisonment is cer- tain and death a distinct possi- bility for the 41, remains. Any foreigner who serves 30 days in jail can be deported. International demonstrations the day before the August 4th trial, in Austria, Germany, Eng- land, France, Italy and Turkey besides the United States, are backing not only the 4] students in San Francisco, but also the continued on next page TUPAMAROS ASSAULT A GARRISON: STEP-BY-STEP ACCOUNT Uruguayan sailors wear a spe- cial poncho which can easily be exchanged; two Tupamaros slip into the ponchos and take over the guard, From outside, the Navy Training Center looks just the same as on any other night. 17 more Tupamaro commandos are let into the garrison court- yard, They take over the build- ing in which 30 sailors are sleep- ing--and the infirmary, the dining room, the recruting office the of- ficers’ rooms, the artillery sec- tion... The startied sailors are lined up in the central patio, most of them still inunder-clothes, There is tension among the Tupamaros because the keys to the cells don't show up. Twenty minutes later the cells are opened and the sai- lors are locked up. A truck enters through the en- trance gate and parks in the mid- dle of the patio. The commandos empty the arsenal and gather up the arms left in the dormitories, A total of 300 rifles, two .30 calibre machine guns, 60,000bul- lets, 150 Colt .45 calibre pistols, several sub-machine guns, and six AR-15 rifles used by the Amer- icans In Vietnam plus 75 power- ful grenades also used in Indo- china, Just at this moment, two sailors belonging to the garrison arrive at the entrance, greet the dis- guised Tupamaros and go on in, But the commandos have pre- pared for this kind of an emer- gency and a special trap controls them as they enter. At 3:30 a.m. the truck carrying the arsenal and the commandos pulls out of the garrison unno- ticed, leaving six Tupamaros be- hind, All the telephone wires have been cut from the beginning, The garrison is completely quiet; only the traffic on the nearby avenue can be heard, One of the remaining comman- dos quietly raises the Tupamaro flag, takes photographs of the jailed officers and sailors, of the flag and the revolutionary slogans written on the walls, Garin leaves a letter explaining how he could no longer endure seeing the tortures inflicted on the workers of ‘'Usinas y tele- fonos del Estado’’ who were ar- rested during a strike, At 4:15 the remaining Tupa- maros depart from the garrison and drive out of the area in anum- ber of cars left parked in the vi- cinity. Quite some time passes until a group of Navy officers manages to open up their Jocks, and run to warnthe Army IntelligenceSer- vice, located two blocks away. Agents and Navy forces begin to mobilize, but only the Tupa- maro flag retains in the morn- ing of the 2%h, the Presiden the Minister of Defense, and high military chiefs begin an - gency meeting, = © gate = penalties BOBBY’S increasingly harsh penalties has taken place primarily in the area of indirect contempt. See, e.g., 1967 DUKE L, J., 632, 648 n, 64, (END OF FOOTNOTES) While there appears to be no case dealing with the issue as to whether the rule of Bloom can be avoided by adding separate senten- ces even where the aggregate sent- ence exceeds six months, ana- logous authority outside the con- tempt area supports appellant's position. Stare v, Owens, 54 N.J. 153, 254 A.2d 97 (1969), involved the issue of whether a jury trial was required when three petty of- fenses were tried together even though it would not be required for any of the offenses alone. The court held thar ‘’...when, as here, the several petty offenses are fac- tually related and arise out of a single event...,"" theneither a jury trial must be accorded or the ag- gregate sentence may not exceed that authorized for a petty of- fense. (254 A.2d at 102) Owens relied on James v. Headley, 410 F.2d 325, at 327, n.*, 329 Gth Cir, 1969), holding potential max- imum sentences of charges tried together must be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the defendant is entitled to coun- sel. (66) Owens also relied on fed- eral cases holding that where the right to appeal in a criminal case turns on the penalty imposed, and several charges are joined in one case, the aggregate penalty is de- terminative at least where the charges are factually related, (67) Appellate review, like jury trial, constitutes a means of limiting the power of one man, the trial judge, over a criminal defendant. @8) (66) ‘‘Assuming.,.thar the length of punishment {fs a relevant fac- tor in determining the right to counsel, it is a false measure to weigh only the largest of its com- ponent parts. If a guilty person {s convicted, the sum of the po- tentia] penalties is what is im- portant to him—and to society."’ (410 F.2d at 329) See also Bohr y. Purdy, 412 F.2d 321 Gth Cir, 1969%, Steadman vy. Duff, 302 F. Supp. 313 (1969); State v. Lucas, 24 Wis, 2d 82, 128 N.W. 2d 422 (1964); and In re Johnson, 62 Cal, 2d 325; 398 P.2d 420 (1965), where in finding a right to counsel the ‘courts also looked to the aggre- of combined charges. (67) See Chambers v. District of ‘Columbia, 194 F.2d 336 (D.C, Cir, 1952); O’Bryant v. District of Co- _ lumbia, 223 A.2d 799 (D.C. Mun. CX. App. 1966), In O'Bryant the _ (When several offenses, close~ ly related in both nature and ‘time, are prosecuted in one continued from page 18 APPEAL trial--whether they are charged in separate informations or as separate counts in one informa- tlon--the total of the fines im- posed is the amount which de- termines the right of appeal..." (223 A,2d at 801) (68) Should this Court remand for further proceedings, we point out that they would be governed by F.R, Crim, P. 42 (6), which pro- vides for the disqualification of the trial judge ‘‘(ijf the contempt charged involves disrespect to or criticism of*’ him, as clearly the contempts charged in the instant case do (see, infra pp. 79-84 and n, 103), Disqualification would also be required because the trial judge has already decided appellant is guilty and a four-year sentence warranted, See, e.g., UnitedStates v. Barnett, 346 F.2d 99, 101 Grh Cir. 195); 330 F.2d 369, 419- 21 G@th Cir. 1963) Gones con- curring); cf. Juelich v. United States, 214 F.2d 950, 955-56 Gth Cir. 1954); Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1879 Holt vy, United States, 218 U.S, 245 (1910), In some cases Bloom violations have been remedied by reducing the contemnor’s sentence to six months. See, ¢.g., United States vy. Harris, 367 F.2d 826 @nd Cir. 1966). (END OF FOOTNOTES) The reasons for looking to the aggregate penalty in determining the procedural protections, such as right to jury trial, to be accorded a defendant are of course partic- ularly compelling in contempt pro- ceedings where the defendant Is not protected by the traditional buffers standing between him and the exercise of arbitrary power, ‘Such as leyislative definition of the crime and Lmitaton on the penalty. Gee generally supra, pp. 55-56.) Requiring jury trial whenever the aggregate penalty exceeds six months leaves ample power to deal with the problem of repeated, seri- ous misconduct at trial], Courts have the alternatives of conduct- ing a summary proceeding and im- posing up to a maximum six - month sentence at any time thar such misconduct seriously dis- rupts the administration of jus- tice; or, where a more serious sentence appears warranted, of setting the case down for hearing, with a jury. And, of course, courts have at their disposal a variety of powerful remedies other than criminal contempt. 69) (69) See Illinois v, Allen, _ US, , 38 U.S.L, Wk. 4247 (March 31, 1970), upholding courts’ power to deal with seriously disruptive misconduct by removal of the de- fendant, binding and gagging, or imprisonment for civil contempt, (END OF FOOTNOTE) ; ror 10 " ree TTITAAT BDA SMT THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 21 __ continued from last page INTERNATIONAL PROTEST SUPPORTS IRANIAN STUDENTS wicening popular uprisings In Iran, most of which have met with mass arrests. Over 200persons were arrested in February following serious protests against the increase in bus fares in Teheran, At the University of Shiraz one student “wa killed and 27 arrested In put- tind down protests against a tul- tion increase. The Kurds, who have finally won some measure of ethnic autonomy in Iraq after decades of fighting, have resisted the Shah’s regime, and many Kurdish leaders are in jail or exile, Peasants in the north of Iran, a sparsely populated country with expanses of mountains and desert and half the size of India, as well as oll workers in the south have reactivated thelr long tradition of insurgency against foreign domination of their country. The Unired States has been deeply involved in Iran since 1953, when CIA official Kermit Roose- velt, relative of the two Roose- yelt presidents, financed and in- stigated a coup against Premier Mohammed Mossadegh, placing the current Shah in power, Roose- velt garnered a vastly increased share of oll concessions for Uni- ted States companies at the ex- pense of the British, who had been undisputed foreign control- lers of Iran since the Russian revolution ‘withdraw Czarist im- perial competition for Iranian wealth, Roosevelt later was named vice-president of Gulf Oll, Mossadegh, although himself a wealthy landowner, represented the last popular nationalist leader in a position of influence, Since then the Shah has increased his domestic army and secret police forces, estimated at over 260, 000 men, He has been akey figure in the U.S, military alliance of the middle East (CENTO), His touted land reform program has inched forward slowly, distributing land mainly to middle peasants rather than the poorest, landless pea- sants who constitute over three- fourths of the country. Since the land is being paid for rather than directly appropriated, the big landowners--and the Shah Is the biggest--are actually accumulat- ing vast capital by selling their holdings of poor land at high prices. Some of the biggest beneficia- ries of the Shah's government have been U.S, corporations, When 55 major financiers and indus- trialists, including David Rocke- feller, recently visited Iran to assess concessions for possible future investiments, students showed their interest by burning down the Iran-American Society building. The 41 students hope to use their trial to present the grie- vances they were not allowed to give Princess Ashraf inSan Fran- cisco, If they succeed in bringing the politics of the trial into the open, Americans may find out that Iran and the Shah are not fairy- tale fantasies about peacocks, glittering jewels, romanticroyal- ty and a Modern, Progressive Prince, but rather another example of political oppression and economic exploitation main- tained through that familiar old cabal of a traditional ruling elite, powerful United States corpora- tions and the CIA. OPEN LETTER TO THE PEOPLE FROM THE BROTHERS AT SOLEDAD NORTH We, the brothers of Soledad- North, have again fallen victims fo an insidious plot purposely de- signed to abort all efforts in se- curing meaningful dialogue with concerned Black people, The im- posed restrictions athand areonly the latest in a series of contin- uous denials that have virtually placed us in a state rendering us incommunicado. We have run the gamut attempting to contact stu- dent groups, civic organizations, entertainment groups, ¢etc., but in each case our Initiative has been systematically and ar- bitrarily repelled. To bridge this gap, we purpose that you, the people, demand your rights as conscious citizens and taxpayers, to inspect these twentieth century dungeons, We do not expect any immediate results to flower, once a joint move is made to the Cal- infornia) Department of Cor- rections, We know our advantage lies in a protracted survey, which will produce conclusive evidence, Evidence enough torender a verdict of guilty upon all its perpetuators in any court of law, or a People’s Tribunal. By co- ordinating our efforts, we on the inside car point out all the heavy Stones and you on the outside can respond by turning them over for the purpose of investigation, Be prepared for incredulous findings, for after all the pebbles haye been exposed, the faces under the big rocks will be those of California’s Aristocracy. We were prepared to submit to you the complete hierarchy of North-Facility’s working staff, Along with this, we Intend to de- pict the covert racism and the overt racist practices entrenched within Its hiring and every day functioning policies. To illustrate a point, there are fifteen Aca- demic Teaching positions on Nocth-Facility’s payroll, Of the fifteen here, there is not one Black Incumbent, There are twelve Vocational Instructors. Only one is Black. It is not our Intention to relegate or question capacity, but few, if any, parolees pursue em- ployment in the field of shoe re- pair. There are fifteen Adminis- trative positions; they are as fol- lows: Deputy Superintendent, As- sociate Superintendent, In-Service Training Officer, two Program Administrators, two Correctional Counselors ll, and eight Correc- tional Counselors 1, and not one is Black, There are fifteen secre- tarlal and one stenographer’s positions. And again not one is Black, We could go on and on, but the truth is that we need your help to rebuff this rabid, pathological practice that emanates from the California Department of Correc- tions. In the wake of all this, there are still other dehumanizing prac- tices that are carried onunder the guise of REHABILITATION, The now infamous ‘'O'’-Wing is but one case in point. The protagonistic aristocracy vivaciously assures the public that these demonic dungeons are the manifested quarters of convicts not able to adjust to the popu- lation and rehabilitation offered them, So these twentieth century dungeons are supposedly main- tained to readjust the convict to the normal synthesis of Society andthe Department of Corrections and their supporters. In fact, the atrocities suffered by the convicts are too numerous to extensively voice, but here we'll present some of the sadistic, racist, dehumaniz- ing tactics practiced by both the members of the Official Staff and other convicts of opposing ethnic groups. First of all, the terms served in these dungeons range from five days to two years, There are many borthers who have not been, and will not be, allowed to enter the mainiine population, not con- notative to the supposedly physical threat they may pose, but rather due to the mental transition of awareness that would be influxed upon their brothers and the main- line population, This awareness would expose the Aristocracy. So, indubitably, you have Political Prisoners, The food given the convicts Is handled by racist perverts (con- victs and staff members) who whimsically excrete urine, feces, and other would-be fatal anoma- listic articles into the portions designated for the brothers. Hygine is deplorable, Showers and clothing changes are offered periodically, The variations of the periods without change is deemed solely by the persons; I'm sorry, mechanisms of the state known as CORRECTIONS OFFICERS, Don't let the papers fool you, the most liked officers are NOT assigned the hole. Mills was assignedtothe hole. Periodically supposed inci- dents, such as the one within the year when the three brothers were murdered. Black men are as- saulted, and murdered at will, by these racist, sadistic, psychotic guards. Needless to say, of the other murders having been per- petrated and segactously promul- gated to the people under the guise of suicide, heart attack, etc,, little has been said because little Is known, The recent military tac- tics insurged upon the North- Facility population are compar- able to the ‘Strategic Hamlets’ in Viet Nam, To note this action: 122 convicts were transferred from N,F, (46 Black, 37 Mexi- can-American, 38 White), Twenty of the Blacks transferred are currently in the *'Adjustment Cen- ter” (‘O"' Wing and ‘’X" Wing) compared to 18 Mexican- Americans and 7 Caucasians. This was done under the pre- tense of ‘‘Institutional Con- venience,"’ Several of these Black men are held on trumped-up charges of conspiracy. They have been illegally interrogated, appre- hended,and if you sit by, illegally convicted and systematically killed, On the date that the Correc- tional Officer Ghull) died, the im- prisoned populace was locked up and released after a period of two days with no Black men being sent to the A.C, but one week later a disturbance occurs in which no Blacks participated and 46 Black men were transferred, These men were, in fact, nothreat to the security of this institution, Knowing the treatment received in the A,C,, these men must re- adjust themselves to a new pro- gram, new rules, procedures, re- lationships with other Inmates, not to mention the dispondent situation in which it places the men and their families. Think of the pro- blem these men must have stabi- lizing themselves for release. For us to give you, the peo- ple, a clear analysis of the sit- uations we're subjected to, we must go directly to the roots perpetuating not only the afore~ mentioned diabolical crimes agalist us, but also to you, the people. Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War of / CORRECTIONAL TRAINING FACILITY NORTH-FACILITY - SS EE Eee ee. eo eee ee lL eee eee —_—— ee a mm ee ee ee” ~~ —_— me ee ee ee ae — ‘THE BLACK’ PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 27 EEE TS ET ff OE ff ff tf | ES | 1 1 MeN fff 2 mS fs ccm Ts mmm! 1 FF A. October 1966 : Black Panther Party Platform and Program What We Want What We Believe a CEOS ©. o, Se x> ? KX Sx erates state’ O 2, oO 8 604 0 ene ?, ate: oe KS © C55¢ OO 2, WOOO Se etetets ox Huey P. Newton Minister of Defense Black Panther Party 1. We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community. We believe that black people will not be free until we are able to deter- mine our destiny 2. We want full employment for our people. We believe that the federal government is responsible and obligated to give every man employment or # guaranteed income We believe that if the white American businessmen will not give full employment. then the means of production should be taken from the businessmen and placed in ‘the community so that the people of the community can organize and em- ploy all of its people and yive a high standard of living AFM CN) tt tt “ttt tts, LE SS OE TE ET ES IE SL Ll ES ft FE | ft fT | 1 PD ccc tt 1 tammy tse Paez 008 t aos ame —=— fe 9 atetatets <2 SKIES & LG . & ‘e 5 3. We want an end to the robbery by the CAPITALIST of our Black Community, We believe that this racist government has robbed us and now we are demanding the overdue debt of forty acres and two mules. Forty acres and two mules was promised 100 years ago as restitution for slave labor and mass murder of black people. We will accept the payment in currency which will be distributed to our many communities. The Germans are now aiding the Jews in Israel for the genocide of the Jewish people. The Ger- mans murdered six million Jews. The American racist has taken part in the slaughter of over fifty million black people; therefore. we feel that this is a modest demand that we make. 4. We want decent housing. fit for shelter of human beings. We believe that if the white landlords will not give decent housing to our black community, then the housing and the land should be made into cooperatives so that our community, with government aid, can build and make decent housing for its people. 5. We want education for our people that exposes the true nature of this decadent American society. We want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present-day society. We believe in an educational system that will give to our people a knowl- edge of self. If a man does not have knowledge of himself and his position in society and the world, then he has little chance.to relate to anything else. 6. We want all black men to be exempt from military service. We believe that Black people.should not be forced to fight in the mifi- tary service to defend a racist government that does not protect us. We will not fight and kill other people of color in the world who, like black people, are being victimized by the white racist government of America. We will protect ourselves from the force and violence of the racist police and the racist military, by whatever means necessary. 7. We want an immediate end te POLICE BRUTALITY and MURDER of black people. We believe we can end police brutality in our black community by or- ganizing black self-defense groups that are dedicated to defending our black community from racist police oppression and brutality. The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States gives a right to bear arms. We thetefore believe that all black people should arm themselves for self-defense. 8. We want freedom for all black men held in federal, state, county and city prisons and jails We believe that all black people should be released from the many jails and prisons because thy have not received a fair and impartial trial. 9. We want all black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their black communities, as defined by the Constitution of the United States. We believe that the courts should follow the United States Constitution so that black people will receive fair trials. The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution gives a man a right to be tried by his peer group. A peer is a person from a similar economic, social, religious, geographical, en- vironmental, historical and racial background. To do this the court will be forced to select a jury from the black community from which the black defendant came. We have been, and are being tried by all-white juries that have no understanding of the “average reasoning rian" of the black community 10. We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace. And as our major political objective, a United Nations-supervised plebis- cite to be held throughout the black colony in which only black colonial subjects will be allowed to participate, for the purpose of determining the will of black people as to their national destiny. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and nature's God entitle them,a decent respect to the opinions ‘of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers In such form, as to them shall scem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Pru- dence. indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable. than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustome(t. But. when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pur- suing invariably the same object. evinces a design to reduce them under ab- solute despotism. it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such govern- ment. and to provide new guards for their future security. . { THE BLACK PANTHER, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1970 PAGE 23 NAME POS TERS ADDRESS cITy STATE CASH MONEY ORDE R__ CHECK _ PLUS POSTAGE “You can jaila revolu- tionary but you can't jail the revolution, You can run a freedom fighter around § the country, but you can’t run freedom fighting around the country You can murder a Lib- erator but you can’t murder liberation,'’-- Fred Hampton, Deputy Chairman, Ill Chapter of the Black Panther Party -- Born: August 30, 1948. Murdered by |* fascist pigs: Decem- |c ber 4, 1969, 50 each ALBUM--Dig by Eldridge Cleaver, Minister of Infor- mation of the Black Panther Party, 3,50 each Tie | es | ¢ ALBUM -- Seize the Time by Elaine Brown, Black Panther Party. ee ee ee eee Cloke Tet Wanton maenene ane Be 7 20m PORTER OF Mace fHOrLE re ee — Defense, » >— Huey P. Newton, Minister of Black Panther Party 1.00 each Hint Famrene Feare 4 tee Beth beep Cant Chairman Bobby Seale, and Minister of Defense Huey P. Newton 1,00 each ‘After three hundred years of Slavery and caste oppression, unmitigated terror and torture, physical and otherwise--which continues today though opposed by every means possible of hu- man conception--while all the time remaining faithful to this government in time of war and peace, we fee] the United Na- tions must give a hearing to the plight of Black Amer- icans,''--Brother Malcolm (left to right) Eldridge Cleaver, Huey P. Newton, Malcolm X; Bobby cols $1.00 each “If we worry about what's going to happen to us, we couldn't accomplish any- thing...Justice 1s gonna come when the masses of people rise up and see jus- Hee ES tice done,..The more they if try to come down on us, the more we'll expose them F | for what they are... PIGS,"' Huey P. Newton, Minister of Defense, Black Panther Party Chairman Bobby Seale 25 each Chairman Bobby Seale, Idridge saver, Minister of Eldridge Cleave Black Panther Party Information, Black Panther Party 1.00 each “‘Wherever death may sur- Prise us, it will be wel- come, provided that this, our battle cry, reach some receptive ear, that another hand stretch out to take up weapons and that other men come forward to Intone our Revolutionary Mother and Child 10 each Black Studies 10 each ‘*Hope’’ -10 each Free Huey 10 each “In revolution one winsorone dies."’ 10 each Afro - American ‘(Each one teach one’! solidarity withthe 10 each Oppressed people of the world 10 each funeral dirge with the stac- cato of machine guns and new cries of battle and vic- tory.''--Che Guevara 10 each Only on the bones of the oppressors can the people's freedom be found- ed Only the blood of the op- pressors can fer- tilize the soil for the people’s self- rule «10 #@ach One of our main purposes is to unite our brothers and sisters in the North with our brothers and sis- ters In the South, 10 each ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE 10 @ach BUTTONS bf “f y Peee \ CONVERSATION WITH ELDRIDGE CLEAVER ~ ALGIERS BY LEE LOCKWOOD $1.50 each the Black .25 eac ° on tet Gtmcer On the Ideology of Party by Eldridge Cleaver, Part! min Panty 1 The genius of Huey P. Newton, Minister of De- fense, B.P P Introduction by: h Eldridge Cleaver 50 each Panther Iree _ALL political prisoners © ~ ol < KIM IL SUNG ‘*Each should pared match hundred,"' 25 TO ¢ a Ye Let us embody more thoroughly the revolutionary of you be pre- to be a for one dence, self-sus- each in of defence fields activity. .25 each state newt * «VTE AES Ne spirit of indepen- banner tenance and self- all The Democratic People’s Repub- lic of Korealsthe of free- dom and indepen- dence for our people and the powerful weapon of building soc- falism and com- munism, (Report ar the Anniver- sary Celebration of the founding of the D,P.R.K.-- September 7 1968) . ALL BUTTONS 25 CENTS EACH B.P.P, MIN OF INFORMATION BOX 2967, CUSTOM HOUSE S.F., CA. 94126 Capitalism Plus Dope Equals Gen- ocide By Michael ‘'Cet- ewayo"’ Tabor (Political Pri- Soner, NY 21) Black Panther Party, USA -25 each Individual orders only , bookstores vorder from Ran- dom House, 6.95 each ee ‘SEALE, DAVID HILLIARD, PM GOING TO BE A FREEDOM FIGHTER LIKE HUEY P. NEWTON, ELDRIDGE CLEAVER, BOBBY SEAI oe Sapey JONATHAN JACKSON, JAMES McLAIN, WILLIAMCHRISTMAS, RUCHELL McGEE AND THE BLACK RP, PHE YOUTH MAKE THE REVOLUTION